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Bus Systems

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14 views19 pages

Bus Systems

Uploaded by

nissiengg.technical
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Switchgear arrangements

BUS CONFIGURATIONS
Switchgear arrangements

ONE MAIN BUS CONFIGURATION


Switchgear arrangements

TWO MAIN BUS CONFIGURATION


Switchgear arrangements

ONE MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS CONFIGURATION


Switchgear arrangements

TWO MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS CONFIGURATION


Switchgear arrangements

TWO MAIN WITH BY-PASS ISOLATOR BUS CONFIGURATION


Switchgear arrangements

ONE AND HALF BREAKER BUS CONFIGURATION


Switchgear arrangements
SL.NO BUS CONFIGURATION KV LEVEL

1 SINGLE BUS 11,33,66KV

2 SINGLE BUS WITH 110,132KV


TRANSFER
3 TWO BUS 110,132,220KV

4 TWO BUS WITH MAINLY 220KV


TRANSFER
5 ONE AND HALF BKR. MAINLY FOR
400KV
6 TWO BUS WITH BY 66,110,132,220KV
PASS ISOLATOR
Switchgear arrangements
Single
SingleBusbar
Busbar Advantages
• The control system is straight forward
• Each bay practically independent
• No switching in current transformer
(CT) and voltage transformer (VT)
circuits
A
Drawbacks
• The object, line or transformer, out of
service for maintenance of the circuit
breaker (CB)
• The complete station is out of service
for a busbar fault
Switchgear arrangements
Advantages
Double
Doublebusbar
busbar • Faults limited to objects on the
faulty bus
• Reduced short circuit currents and
Bus reduced network disturbance with
coupler open bus-coupler
• Busbar transfer without load
A
interruption
B
Drawbacks
• The object, line or transformer, out
of service for maintenance of the
circuit breaker (CB)
• Bus voltage and breaker failure trip
requires selection circuits
• Switching of busbar CTs, tripping and
interlocking circuits
Switchgear arrangements
Transfer
Transferbusbar
busbar
Advantages
• Maintenance of 1 CB without load
interruption
• No switching in CT and VT circuits
T
Drawbacks
• Switching in trip and autoreclosing
A circuits
• Only one bay can be connected to the
transfer bus
• The complete station is out of service
for a busbar fault
Switchgear arrangements
Ring
Ringbusbar
busbar Advantages
• Operation can be maintained with 1
circuit breaker (CB) out of service
• Simple interlocking

Drawbacks
• Two CBs have to be tripped at a
primary fault
• Autoreclosing of two CBs in
sequence
• Summation of CTs required
• Switching in VT circuits
Switchgear arrangements
111/2
1/2breaker
breakerbusbar
busbar
Advantages
• Operation can be maintained with 1
circuit breaker (CB) out of service
• Simple interlocking
• No switching in current transformer
(CT) circuits

Drawbacks
• Two CBs have to be tripped at a
primary fault
• Autoreclosing of two CBs in
sequence
• Summation of CTs necessary
Switchgear arrangements
Double
Doublebreaker
breakerbusbar
busbar
Advantages
• Busbar fault will not disturb operation
• Maintenance of one CB without load
interruption
A
B Drawbacks
• Two CBs have to be tripped at a
primary fault
• Autoreclosing of two CBs in
sequence
• Summation of CTs necessary
Switchgear arrangements
STABILITY

G G

• In modern networks the critical fault clearing time may be less than 200 ms.
Hence, if the fault is not cleared due to failure of the primary protective
relays or their associated circuit breaker, a fast-acting back-up protective
relay must clear the fault

• There are two basic forms


Remote back - up
Local back - up
Switchgear arrangements
ZL2

REMOTE BACK UP I1+ I2+ I3

ZL1
I1

Z = (ZL1 + ZL2) + (I2 + I3) ZL2 I2


I1
I3
Z<
Distance
Relay
The measured impedance Z will vary with the switching conditions.
To maintain the selectivity in the system a relatively long time delay is
necessary for the second step of the distance relay. Variation of the infeeds at
the remote busbars may virtually prevent the application of remote back-up
protection.
Advantage: Provides back-up protection for both the relays and breakers at the
remote station
Switchgear arrangements
LOCAL BACK UP

Z <

Local back - up protection can be divided into two categories

1. Relay back - up
2. Breaker back - up
Switchgear arrangements
RELAY BACK - UP
+

RELAY
Duplicate primary protection, SYSTEM CHANNEL
e.g. one non-switched and
-
one switched distance protn.
To increase the security, the 52
circuit-breaker has two trip 52a
coils, one connected to the
non-switched relay, the other 52 52a
connected to the switched -
50
relay.

RELAY CHANNEL
SYSTEM

+
Switchgear arrangements
BREAKER BACK - UP
5 1 2 6

Z<

7 3 4 8

Because of the high cost of high voltage circuit-breakers, it is not feasible


to duplicate them.

In case of a breaker failure, the other circuit-breakers connected to the


same bus as the faulted breaker must therefore be tripped.

For uncleared fault shown CB’s to be tripped are 1, 3, 4 & 6

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