AccInterview 3

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1. Introduce yourself.

Thank you for having me.


My name is Gurupyari. I am from Lucknow. I am a fresher with a degree of post-graduation in MCA from IET.
Throughout my academic journey, I've had the opportunity to work on various software projects, which have
strengthened my technical skills including programming languages such as Java, Python, C++, some front-end
technologies as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, MySQL as dbms and basics of some backend technologies as NodeJs,
ExpressJs. I also excel in problem-solving approach, teamwork and leadership, which were evident during my
academic projects. Currently, I'm further enhancing my skills by learning React. Apart from my academic
pursuits, I have a range of hobbies that I'm deeply passionate about. In my free time, I enjoy sketching, coding
and designing. One of my greatest strengths is my commitment to achieving perfection in my work. Additionally,
I have a never-give-up attitude towards problem-solving. I believe these qualities make me a valuable asset to
any organization. I am eager to contribute my knowledge and learn from experienced professionals at
Accenture. Thank you.

2. Tell me about your family background.


I come from a middle-class family based in Lucknow. My father is an auto-electrician, and has been dedicatedly
working in this field for many years. My mother is a homemaker and has played a vital role in creating a nurturing
and supportive environment at home. I also have a twin brother who recently completed his Master's degree in
Physics and is currently preparing for government exams.
Growing up in such a family has taught me the values of hard work, perseverance, and the importance of
education. I'm grateful for the opportunities they have provided and the values they have instilled in me, which
continue to inspire me to achieve my goals.

3. Tell me about your projects/ team project.


For my MCA final year project, I led the development of an automated attendance system using face recognition
technology, which offered a contactless and efficient attendance tracking solution, saving time and reducing
administrative burdens. Utilizing AI and ML algorithms, the system recognized unique facial biometric features,
minimizing the risk of fraudulent entries and recorded per day attendance in the database. It is 95% accurate in
recognizing the faces. Its user-friendly interface allowed easy registration, login, and attendance viewing for
both teachers and students. The technologies used in this project are HTML, CSS, JavaScript for designing the
front-end and Python, NodeJS, ExpressJS for backend with MongoDb for database. The project's process involves
student registration with important details, and storing some collection of student images in the database which
will be used later for recognition purpose, and storing teacher details. During class, teachers use the web-app,
and students are prompted to be in front of the webcam, preferably one at a time for attendance. The system
records attendance with the date in the database. Later, teachers and students can log in to view attendance
tables. Teachers can view attendance for their subjects, while students can view their attendance for registered
subjects using their roll numbers.
The project was well-appreciated by my teachers and received praise for its innovation and practical application,
which motivated me to continue exploring and implementing cutting-edge solutions in the IT field.
4. What was your role in project?
I served as the project leader for the development of an automated attendance system. My responsibilities
included overseeing all aspects of the project, learning and implementing diverse technologies needed to build
the project, and delegating tasks to team members according to their knowledge, skills and potential.

5. Why this project? What did you learn from this project?/What was your experience as a project head?
I chose this project because it aligned with the requirements of our academic curriculum, which focused on
building AI/ML projects using Python. Additionally, I was passionate about utilizing my skills to solve real-world
problems and the project's potential to simplify attendance management and positively impact educational
institutions was a compelling reason for my choice.
Throughout the project, I experienced the significance of perseverance, adaptability, and effective leadership,
especially when faced with tight deadlines and the need to embrace new technologies. It provided me with
valuable hands-on experience in problem-solving, frontend and backend development, and introduced me to
various new technologies. The project significantly enhanced my technical skills and instilled a sense of
confidence in me for tackling complex challenges in the future.

6. What is the future scope of this project?


The automated attendance system's scalability lies in its adaptable nature, making it applicable beyond the
education system. Its high accuracy in face recognition can be utilized in diverse fields, such as corporate offices
for employee attendance tracking, events management, and even security systems. The future scope of the
project is promising, as advancements in AI and ML will further enhance its recognition capabilities, enabling
seamless integration into various industries, and contributing to a more efficient and secure work environment.

7. Any individual project?


During my graduation, I worked on "Project Mosaic”, which is a compilation of various projects employing Visual
Basic. The project included a scientific calculator, a food ordering system, a quiz system, and more.
Currently, I am actively learning React and have designed a project, IntelliText that performs useful text
operations such as word and paragraph counting, case changes, copying, and more. As I continue to learn more
about the technology, I plan to scale it by introducing some more useful features as text rephrase and text
summarization. I also plan to enhance it by including authorization and payment gateways later on.

8. Any difficulty faced while making individual project. How tackled it?
While working on the React project for text operations, I encountered difficulties with routing and implementing
certain functionalities, as I am relatively new to React this time. To overcome these challenges, I referred to
StackOverflow and the official React documentation, which provided me with valuable insights and solutions.

9. Do you follow anything to improve your knowledge?


Yes, I am actively committed to improving my knowledge and skills. I regularly engage in coding practice for
several hours, work on technologies by creating simple projects, and then gradually scale and enhance them
with new features as I continue to learn and grow. This hands-on approach allows me to stay updated and
proficient in the latest developments in the field.

10. Have you done any certifications?


No, I have not pursued any certifications. Instead, I have acquired expertise in various technologies through self-
learning via documentation, free resources, and practical application in projects.

11. What are your goals/ aim/Short term and long term goals? How have you plan to achieve them?
My short-term goal is to build a successful career in the IT industry, learning new technologies and delivering
high-quality solutions. In the long term, I aspire to take on leadership roles, contribute to innovative projects,
and make a lasting impact in the industry. I plan to achieve these goals through continuous learning, hard work,
and embracing growth opportunities that come my way. I am dedicated to achieving my aspirations and
becoming an invaluable asset to the organization.

12. If you face a problem with your own performance, what would you do?/How do you evaluate your
performance?
If I face a problem with my own performance, I would proactively seek feedback from my peers and superiors,
identify areas of improvement, and work diligently to enhance my skills and abilities.

13. Which two achievements in your life are most important to you? Why?
The achievements that are most important to me are making my teachers proud with my performance and
successfully leading and developing an automated attendance system. These accomplishments showcase my
dedication to education and my leadership skills, which I value highly.

14. Have you participated in any extra activities as a team and individual apart from academics?
Yes, apart from academics, I have actively participated in various extracurricular activities both as a team
member and individually. In inter-school rangoli competitions, our team secured the 1st and 2nd positions,
showcasing our collaborative creativity and teamwork. Additionally, I took part in a project exhibition, where
we presented innovative ideas collectively. Individually, I participated in an inter-school essay writing
competition and received a trophy for securing the 2nd rank. These experiences have enriched my skills,
fostered teamwork and leadership, and boosted my confidence.

15. What makes you unique from other candidates?


What makes me unique is my diverse skill set that includes technical expertise in programming languages like
Java, C++, and Python, coupled with hands-on experience in front-end development and basic knowledge of
backend technologies, combined with creative abilities in sketching and designing. I bring a well-rounded
approach to problem-solving and innovation, which aligns perfectly with the company's culture of creativity and
technology. My passion for exploring new fields makes me adaptable and ready to contribute effectively to the
team.
16. What is/are your favorite subject and least favorite subject? Why?
My favorite subjects are DBMS and computer programming. DBMS allows me to work with data efficiently and
solve real-world problems, while computer programming enables me to bring my creative ideas to life through
code.
On the other hand, my least favorite subject is theoretical mathematics since I struggle with abstract concepts
and find it challenging to apply them practically. However, I recognize the importance of mathematical
foundations in various areas of technology and make efforts to improve my understanding in this area.

17. How did you prepare for least fav subject then?
To manage and clear exams in my least favorite subject, I adopted a strategic approach and dedicated focused
time to practice problems and concepts. Additionally, I developed a systematic study plan to gradually improve
my understanding and mastery of the subject. Through determination and perseverance, I was able to overcome
the challenges and achieve satisfactory results in theoretical mathematics.

18. What are your strengths and weaknesses?


My strengths include a natural curiosity that drives me to explore new ideas and technologies, bringing fresh
perspectives to the team. I am committed to achieving perfection in my work with strong attention to detail,
and I have a never-give-up attitude towards problem-solving, persisting until I find effective solutions.
As for weaknesses, I acknowledge that I can feel overwhelmed under a heavy workload, but I am actively
improving my time management and prioritization skills. I also sometimes feel nervous during public speaking
engagements, but I am dedicated to enhancing my public speaking abilities.
Overall, my strengths contribute to a positive work environment, and I am actively working to overcome my
weaknesses, making me a valuable team member.

19. What are your interests/fav hobby/ extra activities? Why?


My interests and extra activities revolve around various creative and recreational pursuits. I thoroughly enjoy
sketching, designing, coding and singing during my free time. Engaging in these activities allows me to unwind,
channel my creativity, and find joy in the process of creating something unique.
Overall, these activities not only bring me joy but also contribute to a well-balanced and fulfilling lifestyle,
allowing me to explore my passions outside of my professional pursuits.

20. U have been graduated for nearly 1 year and not in any job? Why there is a gap?
After graduation, I initially explored government exam preparations to honor my parents' wishes. However, my
true passion lies in the IT field, and health issues temporarily affected my career plans. After having open
conversations with my family, I resumed my journey in IT, dedicating myself to continuous learning and skill
enhancement during this gap period. I believe the knowledge gained will be a valuable asset in contributing
effectively to the job profile, and I am excited to contribute my enthusiasm and dedication to the team and
make a positive impact on projects and organizational goals.
21. Tell me about our company. (Every detail should be known, company location, achievements, founder,
founded, employees)
 Accenture is a global professional services company, founded in 1989 by Clarence DeLany.
 The current CEO of Accenture is Julie Sweet.
 It specializes in IT services and consulting, offering a broad range of services across Strategy & Consulting,
Technology, Operations, Industry X, and Accenture Song.
 With over 738,000 employees across 200 cities in 49 countries, Accenture serves clients in more than 120
countries, including 89 of the Fortune Global 100 and over three-quarters of the Fortune Global 500.
 Accenture has been recognized and awarded multiple times for its leadership, diversity, and excellence in
the professional services industry. This includes being ranked on the Forbes Global 2000, Top 50 Companies
for Diversity by DiversityInc, and named as one of the 100 Best Companies to Work For by Fortune magazine.

22. What makes Accenture a great place to work?


Accenture stands out as one of India's top consulting firms, driven by ingenuity and a remarkable diversity that
blends innovation, intelligence, and expertise. The company's commitment to fostering an inclusive and
collaborative work culture and offering continuous learning opportunities makes it an exceptional place to work
for talented professionals seeking to excel in their careers.

23. Why do you want to join Accenture?


I am genuinely thrilled about the opportunity to join Accenture because of its unwavering focus on innovation
and its reputation as a global professional services company. The company's commitment to fostering an
inclusive and collaborative work culture and offering continuous learning opportunities, resonates deeply with
me. Working alongside a talented team to tackle complex challenges and make a positive impact through
meaningful technology-driven solutions is something I am truly passionate about. I firmly believe that being a
part of such an organization aligns perfectly with my goals to contribute to a better world through technology.

24. Why should we hire you?


You should hire me because I bring a combination of strong technical knowledge, passion for learning, and a
diligent work ethic. As a fresher, I offer a fresh perspective and adaptability to new technologies and industry
trends. I am a quick learner, a strong team player, and possess excellent problem-solving skills. I am eager to
contribute my enthusiasm and dedication to the team and make a positive impact on projects and organizational
goals.

25. Why do you want this job?


As a fresher, I want this job because it provides me with an opportunity to kickstart my career in a reputed
organization like Accenture. I am eager to apply my knowledge and skills to meaningful projects, and learn from
experienced professionals. This job aligns with my career goals and offer a platform for growth, skill
development and making a positive impact in the field of technology.
26. How would you describe your ideal job?
My ideal job would be in a collaborative and positive environment where I can work with experienced seniors
and mentors, utilizing my technical skills to solve meaningful challenges and contribute effectively to the
company's success.

27. Where do you see yourself in next 2/5 years?


In the next five years, I see myself in a rewarding position at this reputable company. My aim is to grow both
professionally and personally by taking on challenging projects and acquiring new skills. I am committed to
contributing to the company's success and advancing to higher levels of responsibility. I envision myself as such
an advantage to the company after five years that it cannot afford to lose me at any expense.

28. What are the most important things for you in the job?
For me, the most important thing in a job is the opportunity to deliver high-quality outcomes on schedule. I
value a work environment that emphasizes excellence, teamwork, and continuous learning, allowing me to
make meaningful contributions and grow professionally.

29. What do you expect from Accenture as an employee?


As an employee, I expect Accenture to provide a supportive work culture, opportunities for skill development,
and challenging projects that foster my growth and allow me to contribute effectively to the company's success.

30. Are you willing to relocate?/ Are you ready to work anywhere in India?
Yes, as a fresher, I am open to relocation as it provides opportunities to explore new environments, work with
diverse teams, and gain valuable experiences in different locations. I believe that relocating for the right job can
contribute to personal and professional growth.

31. Are you comfortable with the night shifts?


As a fresher, I am flexible and open to working in night shifts if required by the job. I understand the importance
of meeting project deadlines and ensuring round-the-clock support for clients. I am willing to adjust my schedule
and prioritize my work to accommodate night shifts and contribute effectively to the organization’s goals.

32. What are your salary expectations?


As a fresher, my primary focus is on gaining valuable experience and learning opportunities. While I do not have
a specific salary expectation, I am more interested in the growth potential and the chance to develop my skills
within your esteemed organization. However, I trust that your company offers a competitive compensation
package based on industry standards and my qualifications. I am excited about the prospect of contributing my
abilities to the team and being part of the company's success.

33. What do you know about recent trends in IT?


As of my knowledge, some recent trends in IT industry include: AI and ML, Cloud Computing, and IoT
34. What would you do if you are not hired today?
If I am not hired today, I will continue to improve my skills and knowledge, actively seek new opportunities, and
stay determined in my job search.

35. How do you handle pressure and stress?


To handle stress, I employ a few strategies such as prioritizing tasks, breaking them down into smaller
manageable steps, and creating a schedule to stay organized. Additionally, I find it helpful to take short breaks,
practice deep breathing exercises, and engage in activities like meditation or physical exercise to relax my mind.
Seeking support from friends and family also plays a vital role in managing stress effectively.

36. Can you work under pressure?


Yes, I can work effectively under pressure. I remain calm, stay focused on the task at hand, and maintain
patience, which allows me to handle workplace pressure with confidence.

37. How do you prioritize tasks and manage time effectively?/ Are you an organized person?
To prioritize tasks and manage time effectively, I start by assessing the urgency and importance of each task. I
create a to-do list and set clear milestones, utilizing time management tools when needed. Regularly reviewing
progress helps me stay on track and meet deadlines efficiently.

38. How is confidence different from overconfidence?


There’s a thin line between being confident and being overconfident. In a concise manner, confidence can be
described as "I can do this," reflecting a realistic belief in one's abilities. On the other hand, overconfidence can
be characterized by the statement "Only I can do this," indicating an exaggerated and unrealistic sense of
capability.

39. Do you have any questions with me?


Certainly! I have a couple of questions. What are the expectations for this role in the initial month? Additionally,
how does the company assess employee performance? Lastly, I would be grateful to receive feedback on my
interview, as it will help me understand how I can improve and ensure my skills align with the company's needs.

40. What makes you angry?


I am usually patient and composed, but a lack of accountability in a team can be frustrating. I value teamwork
and meeting deadlines, so I address the issue calmly and emphasize the importance of fulfilling responsibilities.
Open communication and support help maintain a positive work environment.

41. What is success according to you?


To me, success is a continuous journey of reaching both minor and significant milestones while working towards
achieving goals. It involves facing challenges and finding innovative solutions that lead to personal growth and
contribute to the success of the company. Even if I don't accomplish every individual objective, I feel fulfilled
knowing that my efforts have made a positive impact and contributed to progress.

42. What did you do in lockdown?/ How did you improve your knowledge and technical expertise during Covid-
19?

During the Covid-19 lockdown, I maximized my time by actively exploring new fields and enhancing my technical
expertise. Besides pursuing my MCA studies through online classes, I engaged in creative activities like sketching
and designing, allowing me to express my artistic side. Additionally, I utilized free resources to learn and improve
my technical skills, which immensely enriched my knowledge in various technology domains. This period of self-
driven exploration and learning has fueled my passion for both art and technology, making me well-prepared to
contribute effectively in the job profile.

43. How have you helped anyone from your skills and abilities?
Through my skills and abilities, I have contributed to the development of practical solutions. For instance, during
my academic project, I led the team in creating an automated attendance system, which received appreciation
from teachers for its innovation and potential to streamline attendance tracking in educational institutions.
Additionally, I have been actively involved in sharing my knowledge with fellow students, assisting them in
understanding complex concepts and programming languages to support their academic growth.

44. Why are you interested in software field?/Why do you want to join IT as a non-IT student?
I am deeply interested in the software field because of its limitless potential to shape the world and create
meaningful solutions. I find satisfaction in writing code, and the constant evolution of the industry fuels my
passion for continuous learning and staying updated with the latest advancements. Moreover, I am driven by
the opportunity to solve real-world problems and positively impact people's lives on a global scale, making a
meaningful contribution to society through technology.
Situation based question / describing your past situation

45. Describe about a challenging situation you faced as a leader and you handled it./ What are the difficulties
have you faced while implementing this project.

During the implementation of the automated attendance system, I encountered a challenging situation where
the system couldn't differentiate between different faces, recognizing all of them as the same. After extensive
research, I realized that the issue was with how the sample images were stored. I made the necessary changes
by naming them in serial numbers, which significantly improved the system's efficiency.
As a leader, I faced another challenging situation when our team was under pressure to meet a critical project
deadline. To address this, I organized a team meeting where everyone could openly express their concerns about
workload. Through effective time management and regular progress check-ins, we successfully met the deadline
and fostered a sense of accomplishment among the team members for overcoming the challenge together.

46. Tell me about a time when you successfully delegated tasks to your team.
In a recent project, I delegated tasks based on each team member's strengths, setting clear expectations and
regular check-ins to monitor progress. This allowed the team to work cohesively and showcase their skills. The
project was successfully completed, demonstrating the power of strategic delegation and trust in my team.

47. Describe a situation where you had to handle a team member’s performance issue.
I faced a situation where a team member's performance was not meeting expectations. I had a private
conversation to understand their challenges and offered support. We identified areas for improvement and
provided additional training and mentorship. Through regular feedback and open communication, the team
member showed significant improvement, positively impacting the team's overall performance.

48. How would you make the situation work when your team is not performing to your expectations?
If my team is not performing to my expectations, I would first identify the root causes of the issue and then
communicate openly with the team to address the challenges. I would offer support, encouragement, and
possibly reevaluate our strategies to improve team performance. A positive team environment and
collaboration are key to overcoming challenges and achieving our goals.

49. Describe a time when you dealt with conflict in your team. How did you handled it?
Once, our team encountered conflict regarding the project's direction. To resolve it, I organized a team meeting
where everyone shared their opinions openly. I actively listened to their concerns and found common ground
and aligned our objectives, resolving the conflict together. Establishing regular feedback sessions helped to
prevent future conflicts and promoted a harmonious work environment.
50. Describe a time when you had to make difficult decision as a leader.
As a leader, I have not yet encountered a situation that required making a difficult decision. However, I am fully
aware that challenging decisions may arise in the future, and I am prepared to tackle them with a thoughtful
and strategic approach. I believe in open communication, collaboration with the team, and considering all
relevant factors to ensure the best possible outcome for the team and the organization.

51. How do you motivate and inspire your team members?


I motivate my team by creating open communication and a positive work environment where everyone feels
valued. I recognize their efforts, offer constructive feedback, and celebrate achievements. Setting clear goals
and tracking progress keeps the team motivated.

52. How do you promote collaboration and teamwork within your team members?
To promote collaboration and teamwork, I encourage open communication and a positive work environment
where everyone feels valued. Regular meetings provide a platform for sharing thoughts and ideas. Clear roles
and responsibilities help everyone understand the importance of their contributions to the project's success.
Tech questions

1. Difference in C, C++, Java, Python.

 C: C is a procedural programming language known for its efficiency and low-level memory access capabilities.
 C++: C++ is an extension of C that adds object-oriented programming features, making it suitable for both
procedural and OOP paradigms.
 Java: Java is an object-oriented programming language designed for platform independence
Java can be considered both a compiled and an interpreted language because its source code is first compiled
into a binary byte-code. This byte-code runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which is usually a software-
based interpreter.
 Python: Python is a high-level, interpreted language known for its simplicity and readability, suitable for various
applications, including web development, scripting, and data analysis.

2. Data types in C.
C supports basic data types like int, float, char, double, and modifiers like short, long, signed, unsigned.

3. Pointers in C++
Pointers in C++ are variables that store memory addresses. They allow direct memory manipulation and are
commonly used for dynamic memory allocation and efficient data handling.

4. OOPs concept
Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and objects.
Object: is an instance of a class. It is an entity that has state and behaviuor. For example, a chair, pen, table,
keyboard, bike, etc. It can be physical or logical.
Class: Collection of objects. It is a logical entity.
It has four pillars:
Inheritance: When one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of a parent object, it is known as
inheritance. It provides code reusability.
Polymorphism: If one task is performed in different ways, it is known as polymorphism.
Abstraction: Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction. For example, phone call,
we don't know the internal processing.
Inheritance: Binding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit are known as encapsulation. Java
class is an example of encapsulation.

5. Exception handling concept, How to do it?


Exception handling allows dealing with runtime errors efficiently. In Java, it involves using try, catch, finally,
and throw blocks. Code that may raise exceptions is placed in the try block, and exception handling logic is
written in the catch block.
Throw statement defines custom errors and finally statement holds the code that runs regardless of result.
6. Method overloading and method overriding.
Method overloading Implements compile time polymorphism, allows creating functions with same name but
different parameters.
Method overriding Implements run time polymorphism, allows defining parent class functions with same name
and same parameters in the derived class.

7. Constructors
Constructors are special methods in classes used to initialize object instances. They have the same name as the
class and do not have return types.

8. Access modifiers in OOPs


Access modifiers control the visibility and accessibility of class members to other parts of the code. Common
access modifiers are public, private, protected, and default (package-private).

9. Difference between tuple, list, set.


• Tuple: A tuple is an immutable, unordered collection of elements.()
• List: A list is a mutable collection that can hold elements of different data types .[]
• Set: A set is unordered, mutable collection of unique elements, and it does not allow duplicates.{}

10. Compiler and interpreter.


Compiler: A compiler translates the entire source code of a program into machine code before execution.
Interpreter: An interpreter translates and executes the source code line by line at runtime.

11. Strings are immutable?


Yes, strings are immutable, which means their values cannot be changed after creation. Any modification to a
string creates a new string.

12. Abstract class and Interfaces


Abstract class: A class with abstract methods (unimplemented) and can have concrete methods.
Interface: A blueprint for class with only abstract methods (no implementation) and supports multiple
inheritance.

13. HTML, CSS, JS


HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language, used for creating the structure of web pages.
CSS: Cascading Style Sheets, used for styling web pages.
JS: JavaScript is a web programming language for creating interactive and dynamic elements on websites, eg
handling user interaction etc. It is mainly executed in web browsers.
14. How browser works?
The browser works by fetching and rendering web pages. It sends a request to the web server for the desired
page. The server responds with the page's HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The browser then interprets and displays
the content, rendering the web page on the user's screen.

15. Synchronous vs asynchronous programming


In Synchronous programming, the code executes in a particular sequence of instructions given in program. Each
instruction waits for the previous one to complete its execution.
In Asynchronous programming, the code execution allows execution of next instruction immediately and
doesn’t block the flow because of previous instructions.

16. Face recognition


Face recognition uses AI algorithms to identify and verify individuals based on facial biometric features.

17. React
React is a popular JavaScript library used for building user interfaces. It enables developers to create reusable
UI components and efficiently manage the state of applications.

18. Nodejs
Node.js is a server-side runtime environment that allows running JavaScript outside the browser. It is commonly
used to build scalable, networked applications.

19. Expressjs
Express.js is a web application framework for Node.js, providing a set of features and tools for building web
applications and APIs easily.

20. MongoDb
MongoDB is a NoSQL database that stores data in a JSON-like format, providing high scalability, flexibility, and
fast access to data.

21. SQL vs NoSQL


SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is a programming language used for managing and manipulating
relational databases by performing tasks like querying and retrieving data, inserting, updating, and deleting
records in a database. NoSQL stands for Not Only SQL.
SQL databases are relational databases that use tables and a predefined schema. NoSQL databases are non-
relational and can store unstructured or semi-structured data.
22. Database and DBMS
Database: A database is an organized collection of data that can be stored, accessed, and managed efficiently.
DBMS : A DBMS is software that manages the storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data in a database.

23. Relational and non-relational DBMS


Relational DBMS: Organize data into tables with fixed schemas, MySQL
Non-Relational DBMS: Organizes data in flexible, schema-less formats, MongoDB

24. Normalization
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve efficiency. It
involves breaking down large tables into smaller ones and establishing relationships between them to ensure
data integrity and avoid data anomalies.

25. ACID Properties


ACID properties in DBMS ensure the reliability and consistency of database transactions.

1. Atomicity: Transactions are treated as a single unit of work, either fully completed or fully rolled back in case
of failure.
Example: When transferring money between two bank accounts, the entire transaction must be completed
without any partial changes.

2. Consistency: Transactions bring the database from one valid state to another.
Example: If a transaction deducts money from one account, it should also add the same amount to the recipient
account to maintain a balanced state.

3. Isolation: Multiple Transactions are executed independently without interfering with each other.
Example: If two users are updating the same data simultaneously, isolation ensures they don't affect each
other's changes until the transactions are complete.

4. Durability: Once a transaction is committed, its changes are permanent and survive any subsequent failures.
Example: After a successful fund transfer, even if the system crashes, the transaction data will remain intact in
the database.

26. OS
Software that manages computer hardware and software resources, providing services to applications.

27. AI
AI refers to the machine’s ability to perform tasks which typically requires human intelligence, like learning,
problem-solving and decision making.
Eg, Google Assistant that recognizes and understands voice commands and performs actions.
28. ML
ML is a subset of AI that enables system to learn and improve from experiences without explicit programming.
Eg. Spam filters in email system

29. Cloud-computing
Cloud computing provides on demand access to a shared pool of computing resources over the internet.
Eg. Google drive or dropbox that allows user to store and access files and data from any device with internet
connection.

30. IoT
IoT connects physical devises to the internet allowing them to collect and exchange data.
Eg. Smart home system that enables homeowners to control and monitor their home using smartphones.

31. Git and Github

Git is a distributed version control system for tracking changes in code.

GitHub is a web-based platform for hosting and collaborating on Git repositories.

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