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COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING

• The Study of Comparative Police System

• Theories and practices in law enforcement have been compared in several studies and under diverse circumstances, the goal is to test
whether the theory and practice in policing needs innovation to meet the demands of the present trends in crime fighting.
• The study is carried out by the “safari method” (a researcher visits another country) or ‘collaborative method” (the researcher
communicates with a foreign researcher).
• Globalization
• Is a package of transnational flows of people, production, investment, information, ideas and authority.
• Process by which regional economies, societies, and culture, as well as information, ideas and even authority become integrated by a
global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade.
• Effects of Globalization to Police Service
• With globalization, commission of transnational crimes across borders is facilitated, and the need for bilateral and international cooperation
becomes now imperative.
• It also indicates that policing should be more current and effective. Police should gain insights into how to deal with these new breeds of
crimes. Best practices maybe adopted from other police models. The goal is to test whether the theory and practice in policing needs innovation to
meet the demands of the present trends in crime fighting.
• Globalization is one among the threats in law enforcement due to:
1. Increasing volume of human rights violations;
2. The underprivileged gain under unfair access to global mechanisms on law enforcement and security;
3. Conflict between nations;
4. Transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking, money laundering, terrorism, etc.
• However, if Globalization provides threats for law enforcement, it likewise, provide opportunities; such as:
1. Creation of international tribunals to deal with human rights problems;
2. Humanitarian interventions that can promote universal norms and link them to the enforcement power of states;
3. Transnational professional network and cooperation against transnational crimes;
4. Global groups for conflict monitoring and coalitions across transnational issues.
• How can the police or law enforcement agencies safeguard life and human dignity on global scene?
1. International Bill of Human Rights (Universal Declaration of HR; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; International
Covenant on Social and Economic Rights)
2. Geneva Conventions (treaties on war crimes, genocide and torture) intentionally killing civilians or intentionally killing prisoners of
war, torture, taking hostages, unnecessarily destroying civilian property.
3. UN Convention on the Rights of Child and the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (protection of vulnerable groups:
children and women)
• Challenge of Globalization in the field of Law Enforcement
• “How every state pursues a strong relationship in the area of policing these global wrongs?”
1. Terrorism
2. Drug Trafficking
3. Children and Human Trafficking
4. Environmental Crimes (Nuclear, Atomic, etc)
5. Information Technology Crimes (Cyber Crimes)
6. Transnational Crimes
• JAPAN NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY
• The central coordinating body for the entire police system.
• The National Police Agency determines general standards and policies; detailed direction of operation is left to the lower echelons.
• It is headed by a Commissioner General who is appointed by the National Public Safety Commission.
• KOBAN - Urban Police Post 6,000 Police post
• CHUZAISHO - Rural Police Post 7,000 Police post
• IMPERIAL GUARD
-provides personal security for the Emperor, Crown Prince and other members of the Imperial Family of Japan, as well as the protection of imperial
properties.
• KIDOTAI (SPECIAL RIOT POLICE)
-used on crowd control during festival periods times of natural disaster, and to reinforce regular police when necessary.
• SPECIAL ASSAULT TEAM
-anti-terrorist unit of JNPA
• RANKS OF JAPAN NATIONAL AGENCY
• Keisatsu-cho Chokan (Commisioner General)
• Keishi-Sokan (Superintendent General of the Tokyo Metropolitan)
• Keishi-Kan (Superintendent Supervisor)
• Keishi-Cho ( Chief Superintendent)
• Keishi-Sei (Senior Superintendent)
• Keishi (Superintendent)
• Keibu (Police Inspector)
• Keibu-Ho (Assintant Police Inspector)
• Junsa-Bucho (Police Sergeant)
• Junsa (Policeman)
• The Singapore Police System
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• Singapore has been ranked consistently in the top five positions in the Global Competitiveness Report in terms of its reliability of police
services. The Singapore Police Force is the main agency tasked with maintaining law and order in the city-state. Police officers in the various
divisions are armed when conducting regular uniformed patrols and plainclothes duties.
• Rank Classification
• Senior Police Officers: Commissioner of Police, Deputy Commissioner of Police, Senior Assistant Commissioner, Assistant
Commissioner, Deputy Assistant Commissioner, Superintendent of Police, Deputy Superintendent of Police, Assistant Superintendent of Police, and
Inspector of Police.
• Rank Classification
• Non-commissioned officers: Senior Station Inspector II of Police, Senior Station Inspector I of Police, Station Inspector of Police, Senior
Staff Sergeant, Staff Sergeant, Sergeant, Corporal, Lance Corporal, Special constable; and non regulars - Police Constable -
• The Police System of Hong Kong
• The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau (SB) of Hong Kong, headed by Secretary
for Security. It is the world's second and Asia's first police agency to operate with a modern policing system. It was formed on 1 May 1844,
with strength of 32 officers. Queen Elizabeth II granted the Royal Charter to the Hong Kong Police Force in 1969 for their handling of the Hong Kong
1967 riots, renaming the Hong Kong Police Force as the Royal Hong Kong Police Force (RHKPF).
• Rank Classification
• The police ranks of RHKPF are as follows: Commissioner of Police (CP), Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP), Senior Assistant
Commissioner of Police (SACP), Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP), Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP), Senior Superintendent of
Police (SSP), Superintendent of Police (SP), Chief Inspector of Police (CIP) (insignia of a Captain), Senior Inspector of Police (SIP),
Inspector of Police (IP), Probationary Inspector of Police (PI), Station Sergeant (SSGT), Sergeant (SGT), Senior Constable (SPC), and
Police Constable (PC).
Philippine policing and transnational crime
The incidences of various transnational crimes within the Philippines have created a significant impact on its political, economic, and sociocultural
stability and security.
1. Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, or receipt of persons, by threat or use of force, by abduction, fraud, deception, coercion or the
abuse of power, or by the giving or receiving of payments or benefits for the purpose of exploitation. Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the
purpose of forced labor, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation.
• The Philippines is a major source of people that are trafficked to other countries with able economies (kayang ekonomiya). The Philippines
is being used also as a transit and destination country. The nationalities of those involved in human trafficking are mostly Filipinos with contacts in
transit and destination countries. The Philippines’ experience in 2. international terrorism began in 1985 when international terrorist groups attempted
to establish a foothold in the country.
• The Philippines is also a haven for 3. money laundering. 4. Drug trafficking is a lucrative business in the country. The Philippines has the
second lowest 5. software piracy (unauthorized use, copying or distribution of copyrighted software). rate among Southeast Asian countries. 6. Illicit
trafficking of firearms is another menace to Philippine society. While the government campaigns to dismantle all private armies have resulted in a
significant decline in gunrunning transactions and firearms smuggling, the proliferation of loose firearms remains unabated.
High seas piracy and armed robbery against ships has exhibited a downward trend, but the Philippines has the highest number of crew
members/passengers killed during piracy attacks in 2000. There have been incidents of 7. cyberterrorism that have involved the Philippines, most
notably the ILOVEYOU virus. Countermeasures against organized crime in the Philippines have included legislation, specialized law enforcement
units, and programs of various international and national organizations as well as the government.
• National conditions that make the Philippines vulnerable to exploitation by transnational organized syndicates include the unguarded
coastline, the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the unemployment problem, proximity to drug producing and exporting countries, and the
absence or ineffectiveness of laws against transnational crime.
• Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand to
promote 1.political cooperation (states working together toward a common goal) and 2.economic cooperation (seeks to generate the conditions
needed to facilitate the processes of trade and financial). and 3.regional stability (means to strive for cooperative political, economic, cultural, and
military relations in areas that have passed through wars, where the political and interethnic relations are still partly characterized by conflict, or that
are afflicted with security problems). (Indonesia and Malaysia konfrontasi)
• Brunei joined in 1984, shortly after its independence from the United Kingdom, and Vietnam joined ASEAN as its seventh member in 1995.
Laos and Burma were admitted into full membership in July 1997 as ASEAN celebrated its 30th anniversary. Cambodia became ASEAN’s tenth
member in 1999.
Process of ASEAN cooperation
ASEAN Cooperation Project is one of the means to facilitate ASEAN’s integration and community building process. It contributes to the overall
ASEAN Community Vision 2025, a roadmap that comprises blueprints for the three ASEAN Community Pillars—the 1. ASEAN Political-Security
Community (APSC), the 2. ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and the 3. ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)—and includes
the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) Work Plan IV and the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity (MPAC) 2025.
• ASEAN Community Vision 2025 - integrated (connected) , peaceful and stable community with shared prosperity built upon the
aspirations of and commitment to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia.
• ASEAN Community Pillars Aims and purposes of 1. ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC)
1. To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region (Southeast Asia).
2. To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the
region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter.
3. Preserving regional peace and stability, adopting a comprehensive approach to security challenges and developing friendly and mutually
beneficial relations with external parties have been the underlying principles of ASEAN’s approach to political and security issues and developments.
2. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) - was set up in 2003 with the objectives of creating a single market and production base, enhancing
equitable economic development as well as facilitating (mapadali) the integration into the global (pandaigdigang ekonomiya) economy. (para
mapadali yung pag konecta nila sa kanilang ekonomiya sa pagndaigdigang ekonomiya)

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3. The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) - is one of the three pillars of ASEAN, in addition to the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and
the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC). ASCC's main objective is to strengthen and promote the social, cultural and human
dimensions of ASEAN cooperation.
4. Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) Work Plan IV - aims to narrow the divide (paliitin ang pagitan) within ASEAN and enhance ASEAN
competitiveness as a region. The IAI helps ASEAN newer Member States implement ASEAN commitments and agreements.
5. Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity (MPAC) 2025 - The vision for the ASEAN Connectivity 2025 is to achieve a seamlessly and comprehensively
connected and integrated ASEAN that will promote competitiveness, inclusiveness, and a greater sense of Community.
The MPAC 2025 focuses on five strategic areas: 1. sustainable infrastructure, 2. digital innovation, 3. seamless logistics, 4. regulatory excellence
and 5. people mobility.
• International Cooperation addressing Transnational Crimes
• Police cooperation has only become more important in the era of globalization and the corresponding environment in which terrorism and
other kinds of serious transnational crime can flow easily across borders. Close international cooperation among police services is essential to
prevent and combat these rising worldwide dangers.
• Channels of International Police Cooperation
1. Agreements between countries, whether bilateral or multilateral. (A bilateral treaty (also called a bipartite treaty) is a treaty strictly
between two state entities. It is an agreement made by negotiations between two parties, established in writing and signed by representatives of the
parties. Treaties can span in substance and complexity, regarding a wide variety of matters, such as territorial boundaries, trade and commerce,
political alliances, and more.)
2. Adherence to agreements made by United Nations (U.N.) member countries based on resolutions, conventions, protocols, and other legal
documents passed by respective bodies of the U.N.
3. Membership in sub-regional, regional, or global international police organizations; or from international voluntary police associations.
• Forms of International Police Cooperation
1. Exchange of information
2. Joint operations
3. Training of police personnel in other countries
4. Participation in international conferences, seminars, and meetings
5. International publications
6. Cooperation in obtaining modern police equipment
7. International research projects
8. Mutual holiday visits
• Principal Targets of International Police Cooperation
• The principal targets of international police cooperation are serious transnational crimes. The United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime defines “serious crime” as an offense that is transnational in nature and involves an organized criminal group.
• An offense is “transnational” in nature when:
1. It is committed in more than one state.
2. It is committed in one state but a substantial part of its preparation, planning, direction, or control takes place in another state.
3. It is committed in one state but involves an organized criminal group that engages in criminal activities in more than one state.
4. It is committed in one state but has substantial effects on another state.
• Transnational Crimes
1. Terrorism
2. Drug trafficking
3. Organized crime
4. Smuggling of migrants and trafficking in human beings, including children
5. Cyber crime
6. Money laundering
7. Trafficking of stolen vehicles
8. Intellectual property crime
9. Smuggling of stolen artwork
10. Financial and credit card fraud
11. Smuggling and illicit trafficking in weapons and radioactive and nuclear substances
• The INTERPOL
• The role of the International Police in the control of the impact of globalization in policing and human rights violations is tremendous being
uniquely positioned to contribute substantially to the success of all law enforcement efforts aimed at combating global crimes, human rights violations
and terrorism.
• Working principle
INTERPOL is not a police force.
It is a machinery for international police cooperation and communication.
INTERPOL is not a police force. It has no powers to arrest anyone, investigate or prosecute crimes, but it occasionally deploys ‘Incident Response
Teams’ to assist national police forces during joint cross-border operations or large-scale public events. International police organization is the
coordinated action of the member countries’ police force, all of which supply and request information and services.
• General Assembly
• INTERPOL’s supreme governing body. It meets annually and comprises of delegates appointed by each member country. The assembly
takes all important decision related to policy, resources, working methods, finances, activities and programs.
• The executive committee
This 13 member committee is elected by general assembly.
1 president - 4 years term
3 vice president – 3 years term
9 delegates
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Meets three (3) times a year usually March, July, and immediately before general assembly.
NOTE: The general assembly and executive committee is for the organization governance.
• Trivial information on INTERPOL’s EXECOM
JOHANNES SCHOBER - 1st president of INTERPOL EXECOM. (1923 – 1932)
JOLLY R. BUGARIN – 1st FILIPINO president of INTERPOL EXECOM (1980 – 1984)
MIREILLE BALLESTRAZI – 1st female president of INTERPOL EXECOM (2012 – 2016)
MENG HONGWEI – president of INTERPOL EXECOM (Nov. 2016 present)
• The general secretariat
• Based in Lyon, France
• It coordinates the international activities of member countries, holds a library of international criminal records and organized regular
meetings at which delegates can exchange information on police work.
• The general secretariat has seven (7) regional offices across the world
- Argentina
- Cameroon
- Cote d’ Ivore
- El Salvador
- Kenya
- Thailand
- Zimbabwe
• Currently headed by JURGEN STOCKS
Four official language ( S-A-F-E)
- Spanish
- Arabic
- French
- English

• The national central bureau

The main CONTACT POINT for the GENERAL SECRETARIAT. Regional offices and other member countries.
Each Interpol member countries maintains a national central bureau staffed by national law enforcement officers.
• The advisers
APPOINTED by the executive committee and CONFIRMED by the general assembly.
These are EXPERTS in a purely ADVISORY CAPACITY
The Commission for the Control of Files
is an independent body which shall ensure that the processing of personal information by the Organization is in compliance (pagsunod) with the
regulations the Organization establishes in this matter.
• The INTERPOL
• Interpol, whose full name is the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL, is an organization facilitating international
police cooperation. It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 and adopted its telegraphic address as its
common name in 1956.
• The International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) has 196 member countries (Nov. 28, 2023) and is the world’s preeminent police
institution in support of organizations, authorities, and services whose mission is preventing, detecting, and suppressing crime.
• The Interpol General Secretariat is located in Lyon, France.
• INTERPOL’s Core Functions
• Secure Global Police Communication Services (I-24/7) – it provides police around the world with a common platform through which
they can share crucial information about criminals and criminality.
• Operational Data Services and Databases – it ensures that police worldwide have access to the information and services they need to
prevent and investigate crimes. Databases includes data on criminals such a names, fingerprints, DNA profiles, stolen property such as passports,
vehicles etc.
• Operational Police Support Services – it supports law enforcement officials in the field with emergency support and operational
activities, especially in its priority crime areas of fugitive, public safety and terrorism, drugs and organized crime, trafficking in human beings and
financial high- tech crimes.
• Police training and development- INTERPOL Global Learning Centre is a Learning Management System composed of a directory of
experts, e-learning packages and a depository of research papers and best practices. Together with regular training programs, the organization
ultimately aims at enhancing member countries' capacity in combatting transnational crime and terrorism.
• INTERPOL’s Notice System
• Red Notice – based on the national arrest warrants, are used to seek the arrest and extradition of suspects.
• Blue Notice – used to seek information on the identity of persons or on their illegal activities related to criminal matters.
• Green Notice – are used to provide warning and criminal intelligence about persons who have committed criminal offenses and who are
likely to repeat these crimes in other countries.
• Yellow Notice – used to locate missing persons
• INTERPOL’s Notice System
• Black Notice – used to determine the identity of deceased person.
• Orange Notice – to warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing an imminent threat and danger to persons or property.
• Purple Notice – issued to provide information on modus operandi, objects, devices and concealment methods used by criminals.
• INTERPOL – United Nations Security Council Special Notice – is issued for individuals and entities that are subject to UN sanctions.
• European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol)

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• Europol has a mission to support its Member States in preventing and combating all forms of serious international and organized crime,
cybercrime and terrorism.
• Europol’s vision is to ensure an effective EU response to the threats of serious international and organized crime, cybercrime and terrorism
in the EU, by acting as the principal information hub, delivering agile operational support and providing European policing solutions in conjunction
with its network of partners.
• Strategy and Priorities
Europol’s Strategy guides the organization in implementing its main goals and vision, and in delivering a unique set of operational services to the EU.
• Strategic priority 1. Be the EU criminal information hub
• Europol has established itself as the EU criminal information hub and will continue to enhance the value of its network by providing
Member States with access to a growing number of partners and sources of information. Europol will further evolve from collecting to connecting
information; in the coming years, the focus will be on reinforcing this position by advancing Europol’s information management architecture and
rapidly embracing new methods and technologies as they become available. Europol will also work with the relevant EU agencies, the European
Commission and the Member States to implement its roadmaps related to travel intelligence and to EU systems interoperability.
• Strategic priority 2. Deliver agile operational support
• To increase operational impact by dismantling terrorist networks and increasingly poly-criminal organized crime groups, Europol will
develop an agile operational support model, building on its existing experience of the Joint Cybercrime Action Taskforce (J-CAT), Joint Operational
Team (JOT) Mare, Counter Terrorism Joint Liaison Team (CT-JLT), High-Value Targets (HVTs), Operational Taskforces (OTFs) and guest officer
deployments.
• Strategic priority 3. Be a platform for European policing solutions
• Europol will act as the broker (produce and distribute) of law enforcement knowledge, providing a hub (network). through which Member
States can connect and benefit from each other’s and Europol’s expertise and training capabilities. Europol’s evolution from a systems-based
organization to a specialized law enforcement service provider by progressively advancing from processing to producing knowledge will be pursued.
• The United Nations (UN): Its Purposes
1. Prevention of war
2. Maintenance of international peace.
3. Development of friendly relations among the members of the international Community.
4. Attainment of international cooperation and harmony in the actions of nations.
• PNP Standard Qualification for UN Mission
1. An UNSAS eligible; UNSAS Eligible - refers to the PNP personnel who passed the UNSAT (United Nations Selection Assistance Team) in
the Philippines, entitling such member eligibility for deployment within a period of eighteen (18) months commencing from the last day of the test, as
certified by members of the UNSAT who administered the same.
2. A Police Commissioned Officer (PCO) must have a rank of at least Police Senior Inspector while a Police Non-Commissioned Officer
(PNCO) applicant must have a rank of at least Police Officer III;
3. Have attained at least five (5) years of active police service (excluding cadetship for PMA, PNPA, PMMA, and equivalent Officer’s Training/Field
Training Program (FTP) for Lateral Entry Officers and Recruitment Training for Police Non-Commissioned Officers);
• PNP Standard Qualification for UN Mission
4. Appointment in permanent status in his/her present rank;
5. Have at least one (1) year experience in vehicle driving reckoned from the date of issuance of his/her valid driver’s license;
6. Recommended by his/her Unit Commander (Command Group, D-Staff Directors, RDs of PROs, NSUs Directors and District Directors);
7. Have a Performance Evaluation Rating (PER) of at least Very Satisfactory (VS) for two (2) consecutive semestral rating period immediately
preceding his/her application;
• PNP Standard Qualification for UN Mission
8. With no pending administrative or criminal case in any body/tribunal or court nor a witness to any such case nor a summary hearing officer
with unresolved cases;
9. Have not been repatriated from previous UN Mission for disciplinary reason/s;
10. With knowledge on basic computer operations (e.g. Word, Excel, PowerPoint, e-mail and Internet); Passed the latest Physical Fitness Test
(PFT) conducted by DHRDD as well as Medical, Dental and Neuro Psychiatric Examination; and Without firearm accountability as certified by the
Directorate for Logistics (DL).
• Priority for Deployment
• 1st priority- PNP personnel without previous UN Mission deployment
• 2nd priority- PNP personnel with previous UN mission deployment (Personnel who obtained the highest exam rating, or those superior in
rank, length of service, educational attainment, or with fewer missions, in such order shall have priority for deployment).
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1069
Section 1. Short-Title. — This Decree shall be known as the "Philippine Extradition Law.".
Sec. 2. Definition of Terms. — When used in this law, the following terms shall, unless the context otherwise indicates, have meanings respectively
assigned to them:.
(a) "Extradition" — The removal of an accused from the Philippines with the object of placing him at the disposal of foreign authorities to enable the
requesting state or government to hold him in connection with any criminal investigation directed against him or the execution of a penalty imposed
on him under the penal or criminal law of the requesting state or government.
(b) "Extradition Treaty or Convention" — An extradition agreement between the Republic of the Philippines and one or more foreign states or
governments..
(c) "Accused" — The person who is, or is suspected of being, within the territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines, and whose extradition has been
requested by a foreign state or government..
(d) "Requesting State or Government" — The foreign state or government from which the request for extradition has emanated. .
(e) "Foreign Diplomat" — Any authorized diplomatic representative of the requesting state or government and recognized as such by the Secretary
of Foreign Affairs..
(f) "Secretary of Foreign Affairs" — The head of the Department of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of the Philippines, or in his absence, any official
acting on his behalf or temporarily occupying and discharging the duties of that position.
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Sec. 3. Aims of Extradition. — Extradition may be granted only pursuant to a treaty or convention, and with a view to:
(a) A criminal investigation instituted (started) by authorities of the requesting state or government charging the accused with an offense
punishable under the laws both of the requesting state or government and the Republic of the Philippines by imprisonment or other form
relevant extradition treaty or convention; or
(b) The execution of a prison sentence imposed by a court of the requesting state or government, with such duration as that stipulated in the
relevant extradition treaty or convention, to be served in the jurisdiction of and as a punishment for an offense committed by the accused within
the territorial jurisdiction of the requesting state or government.
Sec. 4. Request; By whom made; Requirements. —
(1) Any foreign state or government with which the Republic of the Philippines has entered into extradition treaty or convention, only when the
relevant treaty or convention, remains in force, may request for the extradition of any accused who is or suspected of being in the territorial
jurisdiction of the Philippines. (Australia, Canada, China, Hong – Kong Special Administrative Region, India, Indonesia, Korea, and USA .
(2) The request shall be made by the Foreign Diplomat of the requesting state or government, addressed to the Secretary of Foreign Affairs,
and shall be accompanied by:
(a) The original or an authentic copy of either — (1) the decision or sentence imposed upon the accused by the court of the requesting state or
government; or
(2) the criminal charge and the warrant of arrest issued by the authority of the requesting state or government having jurisdiction of the matter
or some other instruments having the equivalent legal force.
(b) A recital of the acts for which extradition is requested, with the fullest particulars as to the name and identity of the accused, his
whereabouts in the Philippines, if known, the acts or omissions complained of, and the time and place of the commission of these acts;
(c) The text of the applicable law or a statement of the contents of said law, and the designation or description of the offense by the law, sufficient for
evaluation of the request; and
(d) Such other documents or information in support of the request.
• Importance of Policing in Social Life (buhay panlipunan)
• Social life refers to the activities, interactions, and relationships that individuals engage in within their communities and with other
people.
• Policing plays a crucial role in maintaining law and order in society. It ensures the safety and security of individuals, protects their rights,
and promotes social harmony. Here are some key reasons why policing is important in social life:
1. Crime Prevention: Police officers actively work to prevent crime by patrolling communities, responding to emergencies, and conducting
investigations. Their presence acts as a deterrent and helps create a sense of security among the public.
2. Public Safety: Policing is essential for maintaining public safety. Police officers respond to emergencies, enforce traffic laws, and handle
situations that pose a threat to individuals or communities. They play a vital role in protecting citizens from harm.
3. Law Enforcement: The police are responsible for enforcing laws and regulations. They investigate crimes, gather evidence, and apprehend
offenders. By upholding the law, police officers ensure that individuals are held accountable for their actions, promoting a just and fair society.
4. Conflict Resolution: Police officers often act as mediators in conflicts, helping to resolve disputes and maintain peace. They have the authority to
intervene in situations where there is a potential for violence or harm, preventing escalation and promoting peaceful resolutions.
5. Community Engagement: Policing involves building strong relationships with the community. Police officers engage with residents, businesses,
and community organizations to understand their concerns and address issues effectively. This collaboration fosters trust, cooperation, and a sense
of partnership between the police and the public.
• The Goals of Policing
The goals of policing are multifaceted (having many aspects or sides) and vary across different jurisdictions. However, some common objectives
include:
1. Crime Reduction: Policing aims to reduce crime rates and create a safe environment for individuals and communities.
2. Public Order (kaayusan ng publiko): Policing seeks to maintain public order by preventing disorderly conduct, addressing public nuisances, and
ensuring compliance with laws and regulations.
3. Justice and Fairness (pagiging patas): Policing strives to uphold justice and fairness by investigating crimes, apprehending offenders, and
ensuring due process for all individuals involved.
4. Community Safety: Policing aims to enhance community safety by working collaboratively with residents, businesses, and community
organizations to identify and address safety concerns.
5. Public Trust: Policing seeks to build public trust and confidence by promoting transparency, accountability, and ethical conduct among police
officers.
• Roles of the Police in the Affairs of the State/Government
The police play several roles in the affairs of the state or government. These roles include:
1. Law Enforcement: The primary role of the police is to enforce laws and regulations established by the government. They investigate
crimes, apprehend offenders, and gather evidence for prosecution.
2. Maintenance of Public Order: The police are responsible for maintaining public order and preventing disruptions to social harmony. They
respond to public disturbances, manage protests, and ensure compliance with laws and regulations.
3. Protection of State/Government Officials: The police provide security and protection to state/government officials, including politicians,
diplomats, and other high-ranking individuals. They may be assigned to personal security details or tasked with securing government buildings and
events.
4. Intelligence and Counterterrorism: In some cases, the police are involved in intelligence gathering and counterterrorism efforts. They work
closely with intelligence agencies to identify and prevent potential threats to national security.
5. Emergency Response: The police are often the first responders in emergencies, such as natural disasters or terrorist attacks. They coordinate
rescue efforts, provide assistance to victims, and ensure public safety during crises.

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