PRACTICAL NO :01

STATEMENT
Learn the basics of MATLAB.

CODE
1.
clc;clear all
h=0.25;
A=1:h:2;
B=A+1

2.
FOR 291 position:
clc;clear all
h=0.0025;
A=1:h:2;
B=A+1
B=A(291)

COMMAND WINDOW
1.
B =

2.0000 2.2500 2.5000 2.7500 3.0000

2.
Columns 386 through 396
2.9625 2.9650 2.9675 2.9700 2.9725 2.9750 2.9775 2.9800 2.9825 2.9850 2.9875

Columns 397 through 401

2.9900 2.9925 2.9950 2.9975 3.0000

B=
1.7250
 PRACTICAL NO :02

STATEMENT
Learn matrix formation and solution of systems of linear equations.
 Determinant of a matrix
 Inverse of a matrix
 Adjoint of a matrix
 Transpose of a matrix
 Traces of a matrix
 Egon value and vector
 Solution of system of linear equations

CODE:
clc; clear all
A=[1 6 ;6 -5];
A1=[1 6 5; 2 5 -4; 2 4 9]
A2=[1 6; 6 7; 2 7; -9 4];
size=(A2);
length=(A2);
D=det(A1);
I=inv(A1);
I=rats(I)
Tr=transpose(A1);
T=trace(A1);
[eig_vall eig_vec]=eig(A1)
A=[3 2 -1; 6 -4 3; 4 -2 3]
B=[1; 2; 11]
X=inv(A)*(B)
X=A\B
COMMAND WINDOW

A1 = 1 6 5
2 5 -4
2 4 9

I = 3x42 char array

' -61/105 34/105 7/15 '

' 26/105 1/105 -2/15 '
' 2/105 -8/105 1/15 '

eig_vall =

-0.9426 + 0.0000i 0.3390 + 0.2218i 0.3390 - 0.2218i

0.3294 + 0.0000i -0.3188 + 0.4316i -0.3188 - 0.4316i
0.0546 + 0.0000i 0.7403 + 0.0000i 0.7403 + 0.0000i

eig_vec =

-1.3866 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 0.0000i 8.1933 + 2.9312i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 8.1933 - 2.9312i

A= 3 2 -1
6 -4 3
4 -2 3

B= 1
2
11

X=

-0.2353
4.2647
6.8235

X=

-0.2353
4.2647
6.8235
 PRACTICAL NO :03

STATEMENT
1. Plot the following function, x ∈[0.1] , h= 0.01
2
3 x −2 x+1
(i) Y(x)= 4 x +1

(ii) y(x)= x 2 e2 x +log(2x+3)

2.plot trignometric function x ∈-2 π ,2 π ] , h= π /4

(i) Y(x) =sin2 x + cos 2 x

(ii) Y(x) = x 2 sin 2 x + 3cos 2 x

3.plot the system of linear equation x ∈[0.1] , h= 0.01

2x + 3y =7
3x + 2y =13
4. Plot the following

(i) z(x,y) = xy(x-1)(y-1)

(ii) e xy . cos ( xy)

CODE:

QUESTION NO 01

i)
clc;clear all
h=0.01;
x=0: h: 1;
y= (3*x.^2-2*x+1). /(4*x+1)
plot(x,y,'k*')
ii)
clc;clear all
h=0.01;
x=0:h:1;
y=x.^2.*exp(2*x)+log(2*x+3);
plot(x,y,'g*')

QUESTION NO 02

(i)
clc;clear all
h=pi./24;
x=-2*pi: h: 2*pi;
y=(sin(x)).^2+cos(2*x);
plot(x,y,'b')
(ii)
clc;clear all
h=pi/24;
x=-2*pi:h:2*pi;
y=x.^2.*sin(x)+3*(cos(2.*x))
plot(x,y,'g*')

QUESTION NO 03

Clc;clear all
x= 0: h: 1
y = (7-2*x)./3
Plot(x,y,’g*’)
Hold on
y1=(13-3*x)./2
Plot(x,y1,’b*’)
QUESTION NO 04

(i)
clc; clear all
n=50;
h=1/(n-1);
x=0: h:1;y=x;
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=X.*Y.*(X-1).*(Y-1);
surf(X,Y,Z)

(ii)
clc;clear all
h=0.1;
x=0: h: 1; y=x;
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=exp(X.*Y).*cos(X.*Y);
surf(X,Y,Z)
COMMAND WINDOW
Question 1 (i)
y=
Columns 1 through 12
1.0000 0.9426 0.8900 0.8417 0.7972 0.7562 0.7184 0.6834 0.6509 0.6208
0.5929 0.5669

Columns 13 through 24
0.5427 0.5202 0.4992 0.4797 0.4615 0.4445 0.4286 0.4138 0.4000 0.3871
0.3751 0.3639

Columns 73 through 84
0.2874 0.2905 0.2936 0.2969 0.3002 0.3036 0.3071 0.3106 0.3143 0.3180
0.3218 0.3256

Columns 85 through 96
0.3295 0.3335 0.3376 0.3417 0.3458 0.3501 0.3543 0.3587 0.3631 0.3675
0.3720 0.3766

Columns 97 through 101

0.3812 0.3858 0.3905 0.3952 0.4000

Question 2 (ii)
y=

Columns 1 through 8
3.0000 7.8383 11.9821 15.3996 18.0864 20.0633 21.3728 22.0749

Columns 9 through 16
22.2426 21.9568 21.3014 20.3590 19.2066 17.9127 16.5347 15.1180

Columns 73 through 80
3.0000 1.4999 -0.3998 -2.6589 -5.2168 -7.9960 -10.9045 -13.8402

Columns 81 through 88
-16.6953 -19.3607 -21.7309 -23.7082 -25.2066 -26.1545 -26.4975 -26.1994

Columns 89 through 96
-25.2426 -23.6278 -21.3728 -18.5104 -15.0864 -11.1570 -6.7859 -2.0427

Column 97
3.0000
 PRACTICAL NO :04

STATEMENT
For loop

(i) Calculate the factorial of 9 using for loop.

(ii) Create the hilbert matrix using for loop
(iii) Formulate a geometric series and compute its sum using for loop
While loop

(i) Calculate the factorial of 11 using while loop

(ii) Calculate the mean of the data points using while loop.

CODE:

For loop
i)
clc;clear all
% % FOR LOOP
% % FACTORIAL OF 9
fact0=1;
n=9;
for i=1:n
fact0=fact0*i;
disp(fact0)
End

ii)
% % hilbert matrix
n=4;
h=zeros(n);
for i=1:n
for j=1:n
h(i,j)=1/(i+j-1)
end
end
h
h1=hilb(n)
iii)
% % geometric series and its sum
a=3; n=5; r=4;
x=a;
for i=2:n
x=x.*r
gs(i)=x
end
s=(a*(r.^n-1))./(r-1);

While loop

(i)
clc;clear all
% % while loop
% % calculate factorial of 11
n=11; f=n;
while n>1
n=n-1;
f=f*n;
disp(f)
End

ii)
clc;clear all
% % Mean of the data point
N=0;sum_x=0;
x=input('enter 1st value')
while x>=0
sum_x=sum_x+x;
N=N+1;
x=input('enter next value')
end
disp('the mean of the data points')
mean_x=sum_x/N
COMMAND WINDOW

for loop
i)
1
2
6
24
120
720
5040
40320
362880

ii)
h=
1 0 0 0 h=
0 0 0 0 1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500
0 0 0 0 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
h=
1.0000 0.5000 0 0 h=
0 0 0 0 1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500
0 0 0 0 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
h=
1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0 h=
0 0 0 0 1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500
0 0 0 0 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000
0 0 0 0 0.3333 0 0 0
h= 0 0 0 0
1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500
0 0 0 0 h=
0 0 0 0 1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500
0 0 0 0 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000
h= 0.3333 0.2500 0 0
1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0 0 0 0
0.5000 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 h=
0 0 0 0 1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500
h= 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000
0.3333 0.2500 0.2000 0
1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0 0 0 0
0.5000 0.3333 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 h=

1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000

 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000 0.1667 h=
0 0 0 0 1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500
0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000
h= 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000 0.1667
1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2500 0.2000 0.1667 0
0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000
0.3333 0.2500 0.2000 0.1667 h=
0.2500 0 0 0 1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500
0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000
0.3333 0.2500 0.2000 0.1667
0.2500 0.2000 0.1667 0.1429
h=
1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 h=
0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000 1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500
0.3333 0.2500 0.2000 0.1667 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000
0.2500 0.2000 0 0 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000 0.1667
0.2500 0.2000 0.1667 0.1429
h1 =
1.0000 0.5000 0.3333 0.2500
0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000
0.3333 0.2500 0.2000 0.1667
0.2500 0.2000 0.1667 0.1429

iii)

x= gs =
12 0 12 48
x=
gs = 192
0 12 gs =
0 12 48 192
x= x=
48 768

gs =
0 12 48 192 768
While loop

i)
110
990
7920
55440
332640
1663200
6652800
19958400
39916800
39916800

ii)

enter 1st value7

x=
7
enter next value-7
x =-7

the mean of the data points

mean_x =
7
 PRACTICAL NO :05

STATEMENT
Solve the equation by using newton raphson method with a stopping criteria of 0.01% and
sketch the numerical solution of the equation graphically.

CODE:

clc; clear all

f=@(x) exp(x)*sin(x)-3*x^2+1;
df=@(x)(exp(x)*cos(x)-6*x+exp(x)*sin(x));
x0=2; n=10;
epi=0.0001;
if df(x0)~=0
for i=1:n
x(i)=x0-f(x0)/df(x0);
% if abs(x(i)-x0) < epi
% break
% end
% if df(x(i))==0
% disp(‘Newton Raphson Method Fails’)
% end
x0=x(i);
end
else
disp('Newton Raphson Method Fails')
end
NRM_Values=x'
plot(NRM_Values,'k-o')
title('Numerical Solution of Equation by Newton Raphson Method')
xlabel('Number of Iterations')
ylabel('Values of Newton Raphson Method')
grid minor
COMMAND WINDOW

NRM_Values =

1.4877
1.1915
1.1215
1.1183
1.1183
1.1183
1.1183
1.1183
1.1183
1.1183

f= @(x)exp(x)*sin(x)-3*x^2+1
 PRACTICAL NO :06

STATEMENT
Solve the equation by using Secant method with a stopping criteria of 0.01% and sketch the
numerical solution of the equation graphically.

CODE:
clc; clear all
f=@(x) exp(x)*sin(x)-3*x^2+1;
x0=2.6; x1=4.5; n=12; % x0 and x1 are initial Values
epi=10^(-4); % Stopping Criteria
For i=1:n
x(i)=(x0*f(x1)-x1*f(x0))/(f(x1)-f(x0)); % Secant Method Formula
if abs(x(i)-x0) <epi
break
end
x0=x1; % Initial Condition for next iteration
x1=x(i); % Initial Condition for next iteration
end
Secant_Values=x'
plot(Secant_Values,'ko-')
title('Numerical Solution of Equation by Secant Method')
xlabel('Number of Iterations')
Ylabel('Values of Secant Method')
legend('Secant Values')
Grid minor
COMMAND WINDOW

Secant_Values =

2.4269
2.2884
1.7752
1.4772
1.2403
1.1428
1.1201
1.1183
1.1183
1.1183
 PRACTICAL NO :07

STATEMENT
Solve the system of linear equation by using Jacobi method with a stopping criteria of 0.01% and
also compare the solution with actual results

CODE:
clc; clear all
A=[9 2 -3; 4 -8 2; 5 -3 10];
B=[5; 9; 15];
IV=[0;0;0]; %% Initial Values
n=4;
epi=0.00001;
N=length(B);
X=zeros(N,1);
for j = 1:n %% n = no. of iterations
for i = 1:N %% N = no. of unknowns
X(i)=B(i)/A(i,i)-(A(i,[1:i-1,i+1:N])*IV([1:i-1,i+1:N]))/A(i,i);
end
disp(‘Values of X by Jacobbi method are’)
fprintf(‘teration no. %d\n’,j);
X
if abs(X-IV) < epi
break
end
IV=X;
end
COMMAND WINDOW

Values of X by Jacobbi method are

teration no. 1

X=
0.5556
-1.1250
1.5000

Values of X by Jacobbi method are

teration no. 2

X=
1.3056
-0.4722
0.8847

Values of X by Jacobbi method are

teration no. 3

X=
0.9554
-0.2510
0.7056

Values of X by Jacobbi method are

teration no. 4

X=
0.8465
-0.4709
0.9470
 PRACTICAL NO :08

STATEMENT
Solve the system of linear equation by using Gauss-Seidel method with a stopping criteria of
0.01% and also compare the solution with actual results

CODE:

clc; clear all

A=[9 2 -3; 4 -8 2; 5 -3 10];
B=[5; 9; 15];
IV=[0;0;0]; %% Initial Values
n=4;
epi=0.00001;
N=length(B);
X=zeros(N,1);
Y=zeros(N,1);
for j = 1:n %% n = no. of iterations
for i = 1:N %% N = no. of unknowns
X(i)=B(i)/A(i,i)-(A(i,[1:i-1,i+1:N])*IV([1:i-1,i+1:N]))/A(i,i);
IV(i)=X(i);
end
disp(‘Values of X by Gauss-Seidel method are’)
fprintf(‘Iteration no. %d\n’,j);
X
if abs(Y-X) < epi
break
end
Y=X
Actual=A\B;
Error=abs(X-Actual);
end
COMMAND WINDOW

Values of X by Gauss-Seidel method are Iteration no. 4

Iteration no. 1
X=
X= 0.9570
0.5556 -0.4202
-0.8472 0.8954
0.9681

Y=
0.5556 Y=
-0.8472 0.9570
0.9681 -0.4202 0.8954

Values of X by Gauss-Seidel method are

Iteration no. 2

X=
1.0665
-0.3497
0.8618

Y=
1.0665
-0.3497
0.8618

Values of X by Gauss-Seidel method are

Iteration no. 3

X=
0.9205
-0.4493
0.9049

Y=
0.9205
-0.4493
0.9049

Values of X by Gauss-Seidel method are

 PRACTICAL NO :09

STATEMENT
Evaluate the integral

By using (a) Trapezoidal rule, (b) Simpson 1/3rd rule, and (c) Simpson 3/8th rule, also compare your
results with actual solution of the integral. Taking no. of sub-intervals n=6

CODE:
clc; clear all;
a=0; b=1; n=6; h=(b-a)/n;
x=0:h:1;
y=x.^2.*exp(-x.^5);
y0=y(1); y1=y(2); y2=y(3); y3=y(4); y4=y(5); y5=y(6); y6=y(7);
%% Actual Solution
f=@(x) x.^2.*exp(-x.^5);
Actual=integral(f,0,1);
%% Trapezoidal Rule
Trapez=h/2*((y0+y(end))+2*(y1+y2+y3+y4+y(end-1)))
Error_Trapez=abs(Trapez-Actual)
%% Simpson 1/3rd Rule
Simp13=h/3*((y0+y6)+4*(y1+y3+y5)+2*(y2+y4));
Error_Simp13=abs(Simp13-Actual)
%% Simpson 3/8th Rule
Simp38=3*h/8*((y0+y6)+3*(y1+y2+y4+y5)+2*y3);
Error_Simp38=abs(Simp38-Actual)
%% Compare Results
Comp_res=[Actual Actual Actual;
Trapez Simp13 Simp38;
Error_Trapez Error_Simp13 Error_Simp38]
Min_Err=min([Error_Trapez Error_Simp13 Error_Simp38])

COMMAND WINDOW
Trapez = 3.1826e-04
0.2365
Comp_res =
Error_Trapez = 0.2391 0.2391 0.2391
0.0026 0.2365 0.2393 0.2394
0.0026
Error_Simp13 =
2.0413e-04 Min_Err =

Error_Simp38 = 2.0413e-04
0.0002 0.0003