Package ‘Reanalysis’

March 2, 2020
Type Package
Title Reads reanalysis data for CRHM
Version 1.3.1
Date 2020-03-02
Author Kevin Shook, Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan
Maintainer Kevin Shook <[email protected]>
Description Functions to read and process files of reanalysis data from WATCH, ERA and NARR.
Depends R (>= 3.1)
Imports CRHMr (>= 2.5.6), lubridate(>= 1.3), timeDate, stringr(>=
1.0), zoo, proj4, RNetCDF, reshape2, ncdf4, PCICt
License GPL-3 + file LICENCE
LazyData true
URL www.usask.ca/hydrology
RoxygenNote 7.0.2
NeedsCompilation no

R topics documented:
Reanalysis-package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
CanRCM4AdjustedCreateHourlyObs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
CanRCM4adjustedGetNearestTimeseries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
CanRCM4unadjustedGetNearestTimeseries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ERAdailyArealPrecip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ERAdeaccum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ERAgetArealPrecip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
ERAgetMultipleLocationTimeseries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ERAgetNearestTimeseries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ERAhourlyAirtemp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ERAhourlyLongwave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
ERAhourlyPrecip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
ERAhourlyShortwave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

1
2 Reanalysis-package

ERAhourlyVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ERAhourlyWindspeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
NARRdownloadNetCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NARRgetNearestTimeseries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
qa2ea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
WATCHcreateHourlyWFDEIobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
WATCHcreateHourlyWFDobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
WATCHcreateWFDEIobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
WATCHcreateWFDobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
WATCHdailyArealPrecip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
WATCHgetWFDarealPrecip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
WATCHgroupWFDEIobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
WATCHgroupWFDobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
WATCHhourlyObs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
WRF2Obs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
WRFbyloc2obs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
WRFnearest2obs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Index 46

Reanalysis-package Contains functions to download and process reanalysis data

Description

The package contains functions to download and process reanalysis data. Functions are provided
for ERA (-Interim and -40), NARR and WATCH datasets. Because there are so many functions and
all of the datasets are slightly different, each function name includes the dataset as a prefix.

References

To cite Reanalysis in publications, use the command citation('Reanalysis') to get the current
version of the citation.
The CRHM program is described in:
Pomeroy, John W, D M Gray, T Brown, N Hedstrom, W L Quinton, R J Granger, and S K Carey.
2007. “The Cold Regions Hydrological Model : A Platform for Basing Process Representation and
Model Structure on Physical Evidence”. Hydrological Processes 21 (19): 2650-2567.
The CRHM model may be downloaded from http://www.usask.ca/hydrology/CRHM.php.
CanRCM4AdjustedCreateHourlyObs 3

CanRCM4AdjustedCreateHourlyObs
Extracts all CRHM obs variables for a specified location and duration
and constructs an obs file of hourly values.

Description

This function extracts the time series of 3-hourly values from a set of NetCDF files of CanRCM4
data, which has been bias-corrected using the WFDEI 3-hour reanalysis values. The values are
stored at a spatial resolution of 0.125 degees, so the closest point to the specified location will be
used. Note that because the reanalysis data omit February 29, the values returned by this function
will hbe interplolate from February 28 and March 1 for leap days, except for precipitation values,
which are set to zero. The variables are converted to values, and variable names, appropriate for
CRHM when they are extracted. The three-hourly values of temeperature, wind speed

Usage

CanRCM4AdjustedCreateHourlyObs(
startDate = "1979-01-01",
endDate = "2100-12-01",
longitude = 0,
latitude = 0,
sunTimeOffset = 2,
locationName = "",
fileStr = "_CanRCM4_hist+fut_1979_2100",
inDir = "./",
outDir = "./",
timezone = "etc/GMT+7",
write3hour = FALSE,
quiet = FALSE
)

Arguments

startDate Optional. Beginning date of data to be extracted. A string formatted as "yyyy-

mm-dd". The default value of ‘1979-01-01’ is the beginning of the data.
endDate Optional. Beginning date of data to be extracted. A string formatted as "yyyy-
mm-dd". The default value of ‘2100-12-01’ is the end of the data.
longitude Required. The longitude of the point being sought. Valid values appear to be
between -90 and -142, but the input value is not checked for validity, in case the
model extent changes.
latitude Required. The latitude of the point being sought. Valid values appear to be
between 45 and 75, but the input value is not checked for validity, in case the
model extent changes.
4 CanRCM4AdjustedCreateHourlyObs

sunTimeOffset Optional. The offset (in hours) is added to the solar time to convert it to local
time. The default value 2 shifts the daily peak to occur at 2pm. This is required
to downscale the Qsi values.
locationName Optional. Name for the location. This value is used to construct the name of the
output file.
fileStr Optional. The name for the NetCDF .nc files containing the data, exclusive of
their path and variable name.
inDir Optional. The path to the NetCDF .nc files. Default is the current directory.
outDir Optional. The path output file(s). Default is the current directory.
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. Under Linux, you can use ‘CST’
and ‘MST’ for Central Standard or Mountain Standard time, respectively. Under
Windows or OSX, you can use ‘etc/GMT+6’ or ‘etc/GMT+7’ for Central Stan-
dard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use ‘America/Regina’ as the time
zone, as it includes historical changes between standard and daylight savings
time.
write3hour Optional. Should the three-hour values be written to a .obs file? Default is
FALSE.
quiet Optional. If TRUE then comments will be written to the screen as the input data
is processed. Note that this function may take a long time to execute, so the
default is the opposite value used by most functions.

Value

If successful, writes CRHMr obs file(s) and returns TRUE. If unsuccessful, returns FALSE.

See Also

CanRCM4adjustedGetNearestTimeseries

Examples

## Not run: CanRCM4AdjustedCreateHourlyObs(startDate = "1980-01-01",

endDate = "1980-12-31", longitude = -101.704683, latitude = 50.845585,
locationName = "SmithCreek")

## End(Not run)
CanRCM4adjustedGetNearestTimeseries 5

CanRCM4adjustedGetNearestTimeseries
Reads a time series for the nearest point from adjusted CanRCM4

Description
This function extracts a time series of 3-hourly values from a NetCDF file of CanRCM4 data,
which has been bias-corrected using the WFDEI 3-hour reanalysis values. The values are stored at
a spatial resolution of 0.125 degees, so the closest point to the specified location will be used. Note
that because the reanalysis data omit February 29, the values returned by this function will have NA
values for leap days. You will have to fill these values yourself.
Each NetCDF file contains a single variable. Typically the first letters of the file name designate the
variable. The variables are converted to values, and variable names, appropriate for CRHM when
they are extracted.

NetCDF parameter netCDF units CRHM Variable CRHM units

pr - 3hr precip mm/s p mm
◦
tas - surface air temp. K t C
huss - specific humidity dimensionless qair dimensionless
sfcWind - surface (10m) wind speed m/s u10 m/s
ps - surface pressure Pa ps Pa
rsds - incoming SW radiation W/2 Qsi W/2
rlds - incoming LW radiation W/2 Qli W/2

Usage
CanRCM4adjustedGetNearestTimeseries(
netCDFfile = "",
longitude = 0,
latitude = 0,
startDate = "1979-01-01",
endDate = "2100-12-01",
timezone = "",
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
netCDFfile Required. The name of a NetCDF file containing a single variable.
longitude Required. The longitude of the point being sought. Valid values appear to be
between -90 and -142, but the input value is not checked for validity, in case the
model extent changes.
latitude Required. The latitude of the point being sought. Valid values appear to be
between 45 and 75, but the input value is not checked for validity, in case the
model extent changes.
6 CanRCM4unadjustedGetNearestTimeseries

startDate Optional. Beginning date of data to be extracted. A string formatted as "yyyy-

mm-dd". The default value of ‘1979-01-01’ is the beginning of the data.
endDate Optional. Ending date of data to be extracted. A string formatted as "yyyy-mm-
dd". The default value of ‘2100-12-01’ is the end of the data.
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. Under Linux, you can use ‘CST’
and ‘MST’ for Central Standard or Mountain Standard time, respectively. Under
Windows or OSX, you can use ‘etc/GMT+6’ or ‘etc/GMT+7’ for Central Stan-
dard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use ‘America/Regina’ as the time
zone, as it includes historical changes between standard and daylight savings
time.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If successful, returns a standard CRHMr data frame containing the datetime and the variable. If
unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Examples
## Not run: f <- "ps_CanRCM4_hist+fut_1979_2100.nc4"
r <- RCM4adjustedGetNearestTimeseries(f, longitude=-115.27,
latitude=52.03, startDate = "1980-01-01", endDate="1980-12-31")

## End(Not run)

CanRCM4unadjustedGetNearestTimeseries
Reads a time series for the nearest point from undadjusted CanRCM4

Description
This function extracts a time series of hourly values from a NetCDF file of CanRCM4 data, which
has not been bias-corrected. The values are stored at a spatial resolution of 0.125 degees, so the
closest point to the specified location will be used. Each NetCDF file contains a single variable.
Typically the first letters of the file name designate the variable. The variables are converted to
values, and variable names, appropriate for CRHM when they are extracted.

NetCDF parameter netCDF units CRHM Variable CRHM units

pr - hourly precip mm/s p mm
◦
tas - surface air temp. K t C
huss - specific humidity dimensionless qair dimensionless
sfcWind - surface (10m) wind speed m/s u10 m/s
ps - surface pressure Pa ps Pa
rsds - incoming SW radiation W/2 Qsi W/2
rlds - incoming LW radiation W/2 Qli W/2
CanRCM4unadjustedGetNearestTimeseries 7

Usage
CanRCM4unadjustedGetNearestTimeseries(
netCDFfile = "",
longitude = 0,
latitude = 0,
startDate = "1979-01-01",
endDate = "2100-12-01",
timezone = "Etc/GMT+7",
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
netCDFfile Required. The name of a NetCDF file containing a single variable.
longitude Required. The longitude of the point being sought. Valid values appear to be
between -90 and -142, but the input value is not checked for validity, in case the
model extent changes.
latitude Required. The latitude of the point being sought. Valid values appear to be
between 45 and 75, but the input value is not checked for validity, in case the
model extent changes.
startDate Optional. Beginning date of data to be extracted. A string formatted as "yyyy-
mm-dd". The default value of ‘1979-01-01’ is the beginning of the data.
endDate Optional. Beginning date of data to be extracted. A string formatted as "yyyy-
mm-dd". The default value of ‘2100-12-01’ is the end of the data.
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. Under Linux, you can use ‘CST’
and ‘MST’ for Central Standard or Mountain Standard time, respectively. Under
Windows or OSX, you can use ‘etc/GMT+6’ or ‘etc/GMT+7’ for Central Stan-
dard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use ‘America/Regina’ as the time
zone, as it includes historical changes between standard and daylight savings
time.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If successful, returns a standard CRHMr data frame containing the datetime and the variable. If
unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Examples
## Not run: f <- "CanRCM4_r8i2p1r1_hist+fut_1979_2100_huss.nc4"
r <- RCM4UnadjustedGetNearestTimeseries(f, longitude=-115.27,
latitude=52.03, startDate = "1980-01-01", endDate="1980-12-31")

## End(Not run)
8 ERAdeaccum

ERAdailyArealPrecip Calculates daily ERA areal precipitation

Description
Calculates the daily total ERA precipitation, for all locations.

Usage
ERAdailyArealPrecip(ERAarealPrecip)

Arguments
ERAarealPrecip Required. The three-hour ERA areal precipitation as returned by ERAgetArealPrecip.

Value
If unsuccessful, returns FALSE. If successful, returns a list containing the following:

Name meaning
daily_precip 3d array (lon x lat x date) of precip (mm)
lonres longitude resolution (◦ )
latres latitude resolution (◦ )
minLon mininum longitude of data(◦ W)
maxLon maximum longitude of data(◦ W)
minLat minimum latitude of data(◦ )
minLat maximum latitude of data(◦ )
date the date of each layer

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

Examples
## Not run: daily_precip <- ERAdailyArealPrecip(threehour_precip)

ERAdeaccum Deaccumulates ERA cumulative time series

Description
This function is used to deaccumulate variables stored as 12-hour cumulative values by ERA to
3-hour values. It is called by other functions, but may also be useful as a stand-alone functions.
Note that this function only works for a single location, i.e. NOT areal values.
ERAgetArealPrecip 9

Usage

ERAdeaccum(ERAobs, colnum = 1, quiet = TRUE, logfile = "")

Arguments

ERAobs Required. A CRHMr obs dataframe of ERA data, created by ERAgetnearestTimeSeries.

colnum Optional. The column number containing the values to be deaccumulated, not
including the datetime. Default is column 1.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used

Value

If successful, returns an obs dataframe containing the deaccumulated value. If unsuccessful, returns
the value FALSE.

Author(s)

Kevin Shook

Examples
## Not run:
deaccum <- ERAdeaccum(ERAobs)
## End(Not run)

ERAgetArealPrecip Get ERA areal precipitation

Description

Extracts the areal precipitation for all time intervals from the ERA NetCDF file for a region. If
the data are 3-hour values accumulated over 12-hour periods, then they will be deaccumulated, and
negative precipitation will be set to zero

Usage

ERAgetArealPrecip(ncdfFile, timezone = "", quiet = TRUE)

10 ERAgetMultipleLocationTimeseries

Arguments
ncdfFile Required. Name of the NetCDF file containing ERA data.
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. Under Linux, you can use ‘CST’
and ‘MST’ for Central Standard or Mountain Standard time, respectively. Under
Windows or OSX, you can use ‘etc/GMT+6’ or ‘etc/GMT+7’ for Central Stan-
dard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use ‘America/Regina’ as the time
zone, as it includes historical changes between standard and daylight savings
time.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE

Value
If unsuccessful, returns FALSE. If successful, returns a list containing the following:

Name meaning
precip 3d array (lon x lat x time) of precip (mm)
lonres longitude resolution (◦ )
latres latitude resolution (◦ )
minLon mininum longitude of data(◦ W)
maxLon maximum longitude of data(◦ W)
minLat minimum latitude of data(◦ )
minLat maximum latitude of data(◦ )
datetime the datetime of each time layer

Examples
## Not run: threehour_precip <-
ERAgetArealPrecip('_grib2netcdf-atls17-95e2cf679cd58ee9b4db4dd119a05a8d-szSVRK.nc',
timezone='CST')

## End(Not run)

ERAgetMultipleLocationTimeseries
Extracts timeseries of ERA data nearest to multiple specified locations

Description
Reads a NetCDF file containing ERA reanalysis data and extracts the timeseries of the specified
variable for each location. This is faster than calling the function ERAgetNearestTimseries for
ERAgetMultipleLocationTimeseries 11

each location, as the reanalysis data are only read in once. Some of the the commonly-used variables
are:
12 ERAgetMultipleLocationTimeseries

Parameter Units Variable

10 m eastward wind component m/s u10
10 m northward wind component m/s v10
2 metre temperature K t2m
2 metre dewpoint K d2m
Downward surface solar radiation* J/m2 ssrd
Downward surface thermal radiation* J/m2 strd
Surface net solar radiation* J/m2 ssr
Surface net thermal radiation* J/m2 str
Total precipitation* m of water tp

Parameters marked with an asterisk are cumulative values, and must be deaccumulated using the
deaccumERA function.

Usage
ERAgetMultipleLocationTimeseries(
ncdfFile,
varName,
siteNames,
outDir = "",
pointLons,
pointLats,
projection = "+proj=utm +zone=13 +ellps=WGS84",
timezones = "",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
ncdfFile Required. Name of the NetCDF file containing ERA data.
varName Required. Name of the NetCDF variable to extract.
siteNames Required. A vector containing the names of the sites. The names will be used
for the output obs files.
outDir Optional. Directory to hold output files. If not specified, the current directory
will be used.
pointLons Required. A vector containing decimal longitudes of desired locations. Note
that the NetCDF longitude is 0-360◦ , so add 360 to negative longitudes.
pointLats Required. A vector containing decimal latitudes of desired location.
projection Optional. Projection to be used to convert latitudes and longitudes to locations.
Used for finding the nearest ERA gridpoint. The default, ‘+proj=utm +zone=13
+ellps=WGS84’, is only valid for Western Canada. If you are processing data
for the whole world, you can use the August Epicycloidal Projection which is
‘+proj=august +lon_0=90w’ .
ERAgetNearestTimeseries 13

timezones Required. A vector containing the name of the timezone of the data as a charac-
ter string. This should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight sav-
ings time. Note that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems,
you should use a timezone without daylight savings time. Under Linux, you can
use ‘CST’ and ‘MST’ for Central Standard or Mountain Standard time, respec-
tively. Under Windows or OSX, you can use ‘etc/GMT+6’ or ‘etc/GMT+7’ for
Central Standard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use ‘America/Regina’
as the time zone, as it includes historical changes between standard and daylight
savings time. If there are fewer timezone values than variable names, the time-
zone will be recycled.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE, as
it will list the actual latitude and longitude of the ERA tile.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If unsuccessful, returns FALSE. If successful, returns TRUE and all variables for all locations are
written to obs files in the specified directory.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

See Also
ERAgetNearestTimeseries ERAdeaccum

Examples
## Not run:
ERAgetMultipleLocationTimeseries('ssrd.nc', 'ssrd', s$`Station Names`,
pointLons = s$Longitude, pointLats = s$Latitude, projection='+proj=august +lon_0=90w',
timezones=s$timezone, quiet=FALSE)
## End(Not run)

ERAgetNearestTimeseries
Finds timeseries of ERA data nearest to specified location

Description
Reads a NetCDF file containing ERA reanalysis data and extracts the timeseries of the specified
variable. Some of the the commonly-used variables are:

Parameter Units Variable

14 ERAgetNearestTimeseries

10 m eastward wind component m/s u10

10 m northward wind component m/s v10
2 metre temperature K t2m
2 metre dewpoint K d2m
Downward surface solar radiation* J/m2 ssrd
Downward surface thermal radiation* J/m2 strd
Surface net solar radiation* J/m2 ssr
Surface net thermal radiation* J/m2 str
Total precipitation* m of water tp

Parameters marked with an asterisk are cumulative values, and must be deaccumulated using the
deaccumERA function.

Usage
ERAgetNearestTimeseries(
ncdfFile,
varName,
pointLon,
pointLat,
projection = "+proj=utm +zone=13 +ellps=WGS84",
timezone = "",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
ncdfFile Required. Name of the NetCDF file containing ERA data.
varName Required. Name of the NetCDF variable to extract.
pointLon Required. Decimal longitude of desired location. Note that the NetCDF longi-
tude is 0-360◦ , so add 360 to negative longitudes.
pointLat Required. Decimal latitude of desired location.
projection Optional. Projection to be used to convert latitudes and longitudes to locations.
Used for finding the nearest ERA gridpoint. The default, ‘+proj=utm +zone=13
+ellps=WGS84’, is only valid for Western Canada. If you are processing data
for the whole world, you can use the August Epicycloidal Projection which is
‘+proj=august +lon_0=90w’ .
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. Under Linux, you can use ‘CST’
and ‘MST’ for Central Standard or Mountain Standard time, respectively. Under
Windows or OSX, you can use ‘etc/GMT+6’ or ‘etc/GMT+7’ for Central Stan-
dard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use ‘America/Regina’ as the time
zone, as it includes historical changes between standard and daylight savings
time.
ERAhourlyAirtemp 15

quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE, as
it will list the actual latitude and longitude of the ERA tile.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If unsuccessful, returns FALSE. If successful, returns a standard CRHMr dataframe containing the
datetime and the extracted data, which are unpacked (i.e. the NetCDF multiplier and offset have
been applied).

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

See Also
ERAdeaccum

Examples
## Not run:
ssrd <- ERAgetNearestTimeseries('ssrd.nc', 'ssrd', 243.5, 51.69, timezone='Etc/GMT+7')
t2m <- ERAgetNearestTimeseries('t2m.nc', 't2m', 243.5, 51.69, timezone='Etc/GMT+7')
tp <- ERAgetNearestTimeseries('tp.nc', 'tp', 243.5, 51.69, timezone='Etc/GMT+7')
strd <- ERAgetNearestTimeseries('strd.nc', 'strd', 243.5, 51.69, timezone='Etc/GMT+7')
u10 <- ERAgetNearestTimeseries('u10v10.nc', 'u10', 243.5, 51.69, timezone='Etc/GMT+7')
v10 <- ERAgetNearestTimeseries('u10v10.nc', 'v10', 243.5, 51.69, timezone='Etc/GMT+7')
d2m <- ERAgetNearestTimeseries('d2m.nc', 'd2m', 243.5, 51.69, timezone='Etc/GMT+7')
## End(Not run)

ERAhourlyAirtemp Estimates hourly air temperatures from ERA-Interim 3 -hourly or

ERA-40 6-hourly values

Description
Interpolates ERA instantaneous air temperatures to hourly values. The ERA air temperatures are
first converted from K to ◦ C, if required.

Usage
ERAhourlyAirtemp(
ERAt2m,
t2mColnum = 1,
method = "linear",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)
16 ERAhourlyLongwave

Arguments

ERAt2m Required. The CRHMr obs dataframe of ERA t2m values. The values must not
be deaccumulated, as the deaccumERA function is called by this function.
t2mColnum Optional. The column number containing the t2m values, not including the
datetime. Default is column 1.
method Optional. The methods to be used for interpolation of the air temperature. Cur-
rently supported methods are ‘linear’ and ‘spline’. The default is to use linear
interpolation.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value

If successful, returns an obs dataframe containing the interpolated hourly 2m air temperatures. If
unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)

Kevin Shook

See Also

ERAgetNearestTimeseries interpolate

Examples
## Not run:
hourlyTemps <- ERAhourlyAirtemp(t2m)
## End(Not run)

ERAhourlyLongwave Estimates hourly incoming longwave radiation from ERA-Interim 3-

hourly values or ERA-40 6-hourly values

Description

This function is called after using the function getNearestERAtimeseries. This function deac-
cumulates the ERA-Interim 12-hour cumulative values,using the function ERAdeaccum and inter-
polates the 3-hour values to hourly values, based on the extra-terrestrial hourly radiation. ERA-40
6-hourly instantaneous values are interpolated directly to hourly values.
ERAhourlyLongwave 17

Usage
ERAhourlyLongwave(
ERAstrd,
strdColnum = 1,
ERAt2m,
t2mColnum = 1,
method = "linear",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
ERAstrd Required. The CRHMr obs dataframe of ERA strd values. The values must not
be deaccumulated, as the ERAdeaccum function is called by this function.
strdColnum Optional. The column number containing the strd values, not including the date-
time. Default is column 1.
ERAt2m Required. The CRHMr obs dataframe of ERA t2m values. The values must not
be deaccumulated, as the deaccumERA function is called by this function.
t2mColnum Optional. The column number containing the t2m values, not including the
datetime. Default is column 1.
method Optional. The methods to be used for interpolation of the air temperature. Cur-
rently supported methods are ‘linear’ and ‘spline’. The default is to use linear
interpolation.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used

Value
If successful, returns an obs dataframe containing the interpolated hourly ERA incoming longwave
radiation (Qli) in W/m2 , and the hourly 2m air temperatures (t) in ◦ C. If unsuccessful, returns the
value FALSE.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

References
The value of the Stefan-Boltzmann constant was obtained from http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/
cuu/Value?sigma

See Also
ERAgetNearestTimeseries ERAdeaccum ERAhourlyShortwave
18 ERAhourlyPrecip

Examples
## Not run:
hourlyQli <- ERAhourlyLongwave(ERAstrd=strd, ERAt2m=t2m)
## End(Not run)

ERAhourlyPrecip Etimates hourly precipitation from ERA cumulatve 3 hourly values

Description
This function is called after using the function getNearestERAtimeseries. This function removes
negative values, deaccumulates the 12-hour cumulative values to 3-hour values, using the function
deaccumERA, and divides the results by 3 to give to hourly values.

Usage
ERAhourlyPrecip(ERAtp, tpColnum = 1, quiet = TRUE, logfile = "")

Arguments
ERAtp Required. The CRHMr obs dataframe of ERA tp values. The values must not
be deaccumulated, as the deaccumERA function is called by this function.
tpColnum Optional. The column number containing the tp values, not including the date-
time. Default is column 1.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used

Value
If successful, returns an obs dataframe containing the interpolated hourly precipitation (p). If un-
successful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

See Also
ERAgetNearestTimeseries

Examples
## Not run:
hourlyP <- ERAhourlyPrecip(tp)
## End(Not run)
ERAhourlyShortwave 19

ERAhourlyShortwave Estimates hourly incoming shortwave radiation from ERA-Interim 3-

hourly values or ERA-40 6-hourly values

Description
This function is called after using the function getNearestERAtimeseries. This function removes
negative values, deaccumulates the ERA-Interim 12-hour cumulative values, using the function
ERAdeaccum and interpolates the 3-hour values to hourly values, based on the extra-terrestrial hourly
radiation. ERA-40 6-hourly instantaneous values are interpolated directly to hourly values.

Usage
ERAhourlyShortwave(
ERAssrd,
ssrdColnum = 1,
latitude,
sunTimeOffset = 2,
solarMethod = "simpleMaxSolar",
interpolationMethod = "linear",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
ERAssrd Required. The CRHMr obs dataframe of ERA ssrd values. The values must not
be deaccumulated, as the deaccumERA function is called by this function.
ssrdColnum Optional. The column number containing the ssrd values, not including the
datetime. Default is column 1.
latitude Required. The latitude of the point at which the ssrd data is extracted. This
value is used to calculate the extra-terrestrial incoming solar radiation. Not used
for ERA-40 data.
sunTimeOffset Optional. Number of hours that local noon is offset from solar noon. The default
is 2 hours. Not used for ERA-40 data.
solarMethod Optional. The method to be used for calculating the extra-terrestrial radiation for
3-hourly ERA-Interim data. The default is ‘simpleMaxSolar’. The other sup-
ported method is ‘PotSolarInst’, which requires the package EcoHydRology
to be installed.
interpolationMethod
Optional. This is the method to be usied for interpolating instantaneous values
from ERA-40. The default is ‘linear’, but ‘spline’ can also be specified.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used
20 ERAhourlyVP

Value
If successful, returns an obs dataframe containing the interpolated hourly ERA incoming shortwave
radiation (Qsi). If unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

See Also
ERAgetNearestTimeseries ERAhourlyLongwave distributeQsi

Examples
## Not run:
hourlyQsi <- ERAhourlyShortwave(ssrd, latitude = 51.69)
## End(Not run)

ERAhourlyVP Calculates the hourly vapour pressure from the 3-hour ERA-Interim
or 6 hour ERA-40 dew point temperature

Description
Interpolates ERA instantaneous dew point temperatures to hourly values. The ERA dew point
temperatures are first converted from K to ◦ C, if required.

Usage
ERAhourlyVP(
ERAd2m,
d2mColnum = 1,
method = "linear",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
ERAd2m Required. The CRHMr obs dataframe of ERA d2m values. The values must
not be deaccumulated, as the deaccumERA function is called by this function.
d2mColnum Optional. The column number containing the d2m values, not including the
datetime. Default is column 1.
method Optional. The methods to be used for interpolation of the dew point temperature.
Currently supported methods are ‘linear’ and ‘spline’. The default is to use
linear interpolation.
ERAhourlyWindspeed 21

quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value

If successful, returns an obs dataframe containing the interpolated hourly 2m vapour pressures (ea)
in kPA. If unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)

Kevin Shook

See Also

ERAgetNearestTimeseries interpolate ERAhourlyAirtemp

Examples
## Not run:
hourlyVP <- ERAhourlyVP(d2m)
## End(Not run)

ERAhourlyWindspeed Estimates hourly wind speeds from ERA-Interim 3-hourly or ERA-40

6-hourly wind vectors

Description

Estimates hourly wind speeds from ERA-Interim 3-hourly or ERA-40 6-hourly wind vectors

Usage

ERAhourlyWindspeed(
ERAu10,
u10Colnum = 1,
ERAv10,
v10Colnum = 1,
method = "linear",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)
22 land

Arguments
ERAu10 Required. The CRHMr obs dataframe of ERA u10 wind vector values. The
values must not be deaccumulated, as the deaccumERA function is called by this
function.
u10Colnum Optional. The column number containing the u10 values, not including the date-
time. Default is column 1.
ERAv10 Required. The CRHMr obs dataframe of ERA v10 wind vector values. The
values must not be deaccumulated, as the deaccumERA function is vcalled by
this function.
v10Colnum Optional. The column number containing the v10 values, not including the date-
time. Default is column 1.
method Optional. The methods to be used for interpolation of the wind speeds. Cur-
rently supported methods are ‘linear’ and ‘spline’. The default is to use linear
interpolation.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If successful, returns an obs dataframe containing the interpolated hourly 10m wind speeds (u10)
in m/s and directions in degrees. If unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

See Also
ERAgetNearestTimeseries interpolate

Examples
## Not run:
hourlyU <- ERAhourlyWindspeed(ERAu10=u10, ERAv10=v10)
## End(Not run)

land Land locations

Description
A dataframe containing the information about the locations inside the WFD netCDF files. This data
is used by the function WATCHcreateHourlyWFDobs.
NARRdownloadNetCDF 23

Usage
land

Format
A dataframe with 67420 rows and 6 variables:

Land number of the grid location

Longitude longitude of the centre grid square
Latitude latitude of the centre grid square
Ht.m elevation of the centre grid squar
glon x-location of the grid square
glat y-location of the grid square

Source
This data was extracted from a file distributed with the WFD data, which can be downloaded from
http://www.eu-watch.org/.

NARRdownloadNetCDF Downloads NARR NetCDF files

Description
Downloads NetCDF file of a specified NARR surface level variable for a specified time step and
range of years.

Usage
NARRdownloadNetCDF(
interval = "daily",
startYear = 1979,
endYear = 1979,
destination = ".",
variable = "acpcp",
quiet = FALSE
)

Arguments
interval Optional. Time interval of NARR data. Can be ’3h’ or ’daily’, which is the
default.
startYear Optional. The first year to download. Default is 1979.
endYear Optional. The last year to download. Default is 1979.
24 NARRgetNearestTimeseries

destination Optional. The destination directory for the downloaded files. The default is the
current directory.
variable Optional. The variable to be downloaded. Acceptable values are one of "acpcp",
"air", "albedo", "apcp", "bgrun", "bmixl", "cape", "ccond", "cdcon", "cdlyr",
"cfrzr", "cicep", "cin", "cnwat", "crain", "csnow", "dlwrf", "dpt", "dswrf", "evap",
"gflux", "hcdc", "hgt", "hlcy", "hpbl", "lcdc", "lftx4", "lhtfl", "mcdc", "mconv",
"mslet", "mstav", "pevap", "pottmp", "pr_wtr", "prate", "pres", "prmsl", "rcq",
"rcs", "rcsol", "rct", "rhum", "shtfl", "shum", "snod", "snohf", "snom", "snowc",
"soilm", "ssrun", "tcdc", "tke", "ulwrf", "ustm", "uswrf", "uwnd", "veg", "vis",
"vstm", "vvel", "vwnd", "vwsh", "wcconv", "wcinc", "wcuflx", "wcvflx", "weasd",
"wvconv", "wvinc", "wvuflx", "wvvflx". Default is "acpcp" (precipitation). See
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.narr.monolevel.html
for descriptions of variables.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. Because this func-
tion can be very slow to execute, the default value is FALSE, to provide informa-
tion on the downloading.

Value

Writes the specified files to the destination directory. If successful, returns TRUE. If unsuccessful,
returns FALSE.

Author(s)

Kevin Shook and Bastien Ferland-Raymond

Examples

## Not run:
NARRdownloadNetCDF('3h', 1979, 2015)
## End(Not run)

NARRgetNearestTimeseries
Finds timeseries of NARR data nearest to specified location

Description

Reads a NARR NetCDF file, which contains all of the 3-hour values of a single variable for a single
year, and extracts the values for a single location. Note that the values are NOT quality controlled -
negative precipitation values are possible.
NARRgetNearestTimeseries 25

Usage
NARRgetNearestTimeseries(
ncdfFile,
varName,
pointLon,
pointLat,
timezone = "",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
ncdfFile Name of the NetCDF file containing ERA data.
varName Required. Name of the NetCDF variable to extract.
pointLon Required. Decimal longitude of desired location. Note that the NetCDF longi-
tude is East, your value should be negative.
pointLat Required. Decimal latitude of desired location.
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. Under Linux, you can use ‘CST’
and ‘MST’ for Central Standard or Mountain Standard time, respectively. Under
Windows or OSX, you can use ‘etc/GMT+6’ or ‘etc/GMT+7’ for Central Stan-
dard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use ‘America/Regina’ as the time
zone, as it includes historical changes between standard and daylight savings
time.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE, as
it will list the actual latitude and longitude of the ERA tile.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If unsuccessful, returns FALSE. If successful, returns a standard CRHMr dataframe containing the
datetime and the extracted data, which are unpacked (i.e. the NetCDF multiplier and offset have
been applied). If quiet=FALSE, then the NARR location used and its distance to the specified
location will be displayed.
If unsuccessful, returns FALSE. If successful, returns a CRHMr data frame of the specified variable.
Note that no unit conversions are done, so the variable will be in the NARR units.

Examples
## Not run:
p1979 <- NARRgetNearestTimeseries('acpcp.1979.nc', varName='acpcp', pointLon = -113,
pointLat = 52, timezone = 'CST', quiet=FALSE)
26 qa2ea

## End(Not run)

qa2ea Converts specific humidity to vapour pressure.

Description

Converts specific humidity to vapour pressure.

Usage

qa2ea(qair, psurf)

Arguments

qair Required. Specific humidity (dimensionless).

psurf Required. Surface air pressure in Pa.

Value

If successful, returns the vapour pressure in kPa. If unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)

Kevin Shook

References

R code for conversion of air pressure and absolute humidity was taken from project PEcAn The Pre-
dictive Ecosystem Analyzer http://pecanproject.github.io. The source code is available at
https://github.com/PecanProject/pecan/blob/master/modules/data.atmosphere/R/metutils.
R.

Examples

ea <- qa2ea(0.001, 101325)

WATCHcreateHourlyWFDEIobs 27

WATCHcreateHourlyWFDEIobs
Creates a CRHM .obs file of hourly values from WATCH reanalysis
data WFDEI files

Description
Extracts data from WATCH WDFEI netCDF files and builds a CRHM .obs file of hourly values
containing t, ea, u10, p Qsi and Qli. All values are interpolated from 3 and 6 hur data. The
windspeeds are at 10m, hence they are denoted as u10. Air temperatures are at 2m. The values
for ea are computed from the atmospheric pressure (at 10m) and the absolute humidity (at 2m).
Because the original NetCDF files are very large, this function typically runs very slowly. Also,
because this function assembles and processes all of the data in memory, it can require a lot of
RAM to execute.

Usage
WATCHcreateHourlyWFDEIobs(
nc.location = "",
startyear = 1979,
endyear = 2012,
lon = 0,
lat = 0,
precipType = "CRU",
sunTimeOffset = 2,
solarMethod = "simpleMaxSolar",
interpolationMethod = "linear",
obsFileName = "",
timezone = "",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
nc.location Required. A character string of the directory holding the WATCH WFDEI
netCDf files. This is a file path WITHOUT a terminal slash, e.g. ‘z:\WATCH\WFDEI’
startyear Optional. Year to begin. Must be in the range 1979-2012. Default is 1979.
endyear Optional. Year to end. Must be in the range 1979-2012. Default is 2012.
lon Required. Decimal longitude to extract for.
lat Required. Decimal latitude to extract for.
precipType Optional. The precipitation type used; can be ‘CRU’ (the default) or ‘GPCC’.
sunTimeOffset Optional. Number of hours that local noon is offset from solar noon. The de-
fault is 2 hours. This may be incorrect. It seems that WATCH data may not
incorporate the temporal offset correctly - zero may work better.
28 WATCHcreateHourlyWFDEIobs

solarMethod The method to be used for calculating the extra-terrestrial radiation. The default
method is ‘simpleMaxSolar’. Note that this method is only valid for latitudes
between 49 and 55◦ N. The other supported method is ‘PotSolarInst’, which
requires the package EcoHydRology to be installed
interpolationMethod
Optional. A vector containing the methods to be used for interpolation for each
of the variables. Currently supported methods are ‘linear’ and ‘spline’. The
default is to use linear interpolation. If fewer methods than columns are speci-
fied, the methods are recycled.
obsFileName Required. Name of the .obs file to be created.
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. You can use ‘Etc/GMT+6’ or
‘Etc/GMT+7’ for Central Standard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use
‘America/Regina’ as the time zone, as it includes historical changes between
standard and daylight savings time.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If successful, returns the value TRUE and writes the specified .obs file. If unsuccessful, returns the
value FALSE.

Note
Because this function can be slow, and uses a lot of memory, you may wish to run it repeatedly for
short intervals. You can then use the function appendObs in CRHMr to join the files together. The
time shifting results in obs files which do not begin and end on day boundaries, so you should use
the function trimObs in CRHMr to trim the obs file - after the final file has been assembled.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook.

References
R code for conversion of air pressure and absolute humidity was taken from project PEcAn The Pre-
dictive Ecosystem Analyzer http://pecanproject.github.io. The source code is available at
https://github.com/PecanProject/pecan/blob/master/modules/data.atmosphere/R/metutils.
R.

See Also
WATCHcreateHourlyWFDobs trimObs appendObs
WATCHcreateHourlyWFDobs 29

Examples
## Not run:
location <- 'z:\data\WATCH\WFDEI'
obsName <- 'VermilionWATCH_WFDEI.obs'
WATCHcreateHourlyWFDEIobs(nc.location=location,
startyear=1979, endyear=2001, lon=-111.9, lat=53.2, timezone='Etc/GMT+7', obsFileName=obsName)
# read in file and trim it
obs <- CRHMr::readObsFile(obsFile=obsName, timezone='Etc/GMT+7')
trimmedObs <- CRHMr::trimObs(obs)
CRHMr::writeObsFile(trimmedObs, obsFileName)
## End(Not run)

WATCHcreateHourlyWFDobs
Creates a CRHM .obs file of hourly values from WATCH reanalysis
data WFD files

Description

Extracts data from WATCH WFD netCDF files and builds a CRHM .obs file of hourly values
containing t, ea, u10, p Qsi and Qli. All values are interpolated from 3 and 6 hur data. The
windspeeds are at 10m, hence they are denoted as u10. Air temperatures are at 2m. The values
for ea are computed from the atmospheric pressure (at 10m) and the absolute humidity (at 2m).
Because the original NetCDF files are very large, this function typically runs very slowly. Also,
because this function assembles and processes all of the data in memory, it can require a lot of
RAM to execute.

Usage

WATCHcreateHourlyWFDobs(
nc.location = "",
startyear = 1901,
endyear = 2001,
lon = 0,
lat = 0,
sunTimeOffset = 2,
solarMethod = "simpleMaxSolar",
interpolationMethod = "linear",
obsFileName = "",
timezone = "",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)
30 WATCHcreateHourlyWFDobs

Arguments
nc.location Required. A character string of the directory holding the WATCH WFD netCDf
files. This is a file path WITHOUT a terminal slash, e.g. ‘z:\WATCH\WFD’.
startyear Optional. Year to begin. Must be in the range 1901-2001. Default is 1901.
endyear Optional. Year to end. Must be in the range 1901-2001. Default is 2001.
lon Required. Decimal longitude to extract for.
lat Required. Decimal latitude to extract for.
sunTimeOffset Optional. Number of hours that local noon is offset from solar noon. The default
is 2 hours.
solarMethod The method to be used for calculating the extra-terrestrial radiation. The default
method is ‘simpleMaxSolar’. Note that this method is only valid for latitudes
between 49 and 55◦ N. The other supported method is ‘PotSolarInst’, which
requires the package EcoHydRology to be installed
interpolationMethod
Optional. A vector containing the methods to be used for interpolation for each
of the variables. Currently supported methods are ‘linear’ and ‘spline’. The
default is to use linear interpolation. If fewer methods than columns are speci-
fied, the methods are recycled.
obsFileName Required. Name of the .obs file to be created.
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. You can use ‘Etc/GMT+6’ or
‘Etc/GMT+7’ for Central Standard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use
‘America/Regina’ as the time zone, as it includes historical changes between
standard and daylight savings
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If successful, returns the value TRUE and writes the specified .obs file. Each month’s data is written
as it is created. If unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

References
R code for conversion of air pressure and absolute humidity was taken from project PEcAn The Pre-
dictive Ecosystem Analyzer http://pecanproject.github.io. The source code is available at
https://github.com/PecanProject/pecan/blob/master/modules/data.atmosphere/R/metutils.
R.
WATCHcreateWFDEIobs 31

Examples
## Not run:
location <- 'z:\data\WATCH\WFD'
obsFileName <- 'VermilionWATCH_WFD.obs'
WATCHcreateWFDobs(location, 1979, 2001, -111.9, 53.2, timezone='Etc/GMT+7', obsFileName=obsFileName)
## End(Not run)

WATCHcreateWFDEIobs Creates a CRHM .obs file of 3-hourly values from WATCH reanalysis
data WFDEI files

Description
Extracts data from WATCH WDFEI netCDF files and builds a CRHM .obs file of 3-hour data con-
taining t, ea, u10, and p values. The output values can be interpolated to hourly using the function
HourlyWATCHobs. The windspeeds are at 10m, hence they are denoted as u10. Air temperatures
are at 2m. The values for ea are computed from the atmospheric pressure (at 10m) and the absolute
humidity (at 2m).

Usage
WATCHcreateWFDEIobs(
nc.location = "",
startyear = 1979,
endyear = 2012,
lon = 0,
lat = 0,
houroffset = 0,
obsFileName = "",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
nc.location Required. A character string of the directory holding the WATCH WFDEI
netCDf files. This is a file path WITHOUT a terminal slash, e.g. ‘z:\WATCH\WFDEI’
startyear Optional. Year to begin. Must be in the range 1979-2012. Default is 1979.
endyear Optional. Year to end. Must be in the range 1979-2012. Default is 2012.
lon Required. Decimal longitude to extract for.
lat Required. Decimal latitude to extract for.
houroffset Required. Number of hours that the local location is offset from UTC (GMT).
Must be negative in the western hemisphere. For Mountain Standard Time, the
offset is -7 hours.
obsFileName Required. Name of the .obs file to be created.
32 WATCHcreateWFDobs

quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value

If successful, returns the value TRUE and writes the specified .obs file. Each month’s data is written
as it is created. If unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)

Kevin Shook.

References

R code for conversion of air pressure and absolute humidity was taken from project PEcAn The Pre-
dictive Ecosystem Analyzer http://pecanproject.github.io. The source code is available at
https://github.com/PecanProject/pecan/blob/master/modules/data.atmosphere/R/metutils.
R.

Examples

## Not run:
location <- 'z:\data\WATCH\WFDEI'
obsFileName <- 'VermilionWATCH_WFDEI.obs'
WATCHcreateWFDEIobs(location, 1979, 2001, -111.9, 53.2, -7, obsFileName)
## End(Not run)

WATCHcreateWFDobs Creates a CRHM .obs file of 3-hourly and 6-hourly values from
WATCH reanalysis data WFD files

Description

Extracts data from WATCH WFD netCDF files and builds a CRHM .obs file of 3-hour data contain-
ing t, ea, u10, and p values. The values of t, ea and u are 6-hourly, with NA values inserted. The
data are output at MST. The output values can be interpolated to hourly values using the function
HourlyWATCHObs. The windspeeds are at 10m, so they are denoted as u10. Air temperatures are
at 2m. The values for ea are computed from the atmospheric pressure (at 10m) and the absolute
humidity (at 2m).
WATCHcreateWFDobs 33

Usage
WATCHcreateWFDobs(
nc.location = "",
startyear = 1901,
endyear = 2001,
lon = 0,
lat = 0,
houroffset = 0,
obsFileName = "",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
nc.location Required. A character string of the directory holding the WATCH WFD netCDf
files. This is a file path WITHOUT a terminal slash, e.g. ‘z:\WATCH\WFD’.
startyear Optional. Year to begin. Must be in the range 1901-2001. Default is 1901.
endyear Optional. Year to end. Must be in the range 1901-2001. Default is 2001.
lon Required. Decimal longitude to extract for.
lat Required. Decimal latitude to extract for.
houroffset Required. Number of hours that the local location is offset from UTC (GMT).
Must be negative in the western hemisphere. For Mountain Standard Time, the
offset is -7 hours.
obsFileName Required. Name of the .obs file to be created.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If successful, returns the value TRUE and writes the specified .obs file. Each month’s data is written
as it is created. If unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

References
R code for conversion of air pressure and absolute humidity was taken from project PEcAn The Pre-
dictive Ecosystem Analyzer http://pecanproject.github.io. The source code is available at
https://github.com/PecanProject/pecan/blob/master/modules/data.atmosphere/R/metutils.
R.
34 WATCHdailyArealPrecip

See Also
WATCHcreateWFDEIobs

Examples
## Not run:
location <- 'z:\data\WATCH\WFD'
obsFileName <- 'VermilionWATCH_WFD.obs'
WATCHcreateWFDobs(location, 1979, 2001, -111.9, 53.2, -7, obsFileName)
## End(Not run)

WATCHdailyArealPrecip Calculates daily WATCH areal precipitation

Description
Calculates daily WATCH areal precipitation

Usage
WATCHdailyArealPrecip(monthlyPrecip, timezone)

Arguments
monthlyPrecip All WATCH precipitation for a month, as returned by WATCHgetWFDarealPrecip.
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. Under Linux, you can use ‘CST’
and ‘MST’ for Central Standard or Mountain Standard time, respectively. Under
Windows or OSX, you can use ‘etc/GMT+6’ or ‘etc/GMT+7’ for Central Stan-
dard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use ‘America/Regina’ as the time
zone, as it includes historical changes between standard and daylight savings
time.

Details
Calculates the daily total WATCH precipitation for all locations in a region.

Value
If successful, returns a data frame consisting if the date,longitude, latitude, and total precipitation
(in mm) for each point. If unsuccessful, returns FALSE.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook
WATCHgetWFDarealPrecip 35

Examples
## Not run:
daily_rain <- WATCHdailyArealPrecip(monthly_rain, 'CST')
## End(Not run)

WATCHgetWFDarealPrecip
Extracts the WATCH WFD precipitation for a specified domain

Description
Extacts the WATCH WFD precipitation (rainfall or snowfall) from a monthly netCDF file for a
specified domain.

Usage
WATCHgetWFDarealPrecip(
ncdfFile = "",
minLon = 0,
maxLon = 0,
minLat = 0,
maxLat = 0,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
ncdfFile Required. NetCDF file containing monthly WATCH WFD precipitation (rainfall
or snowfall). The file name must begin with the precipitation type (i.e. ‘Rainf’
or ‘Snowf’ and must end with the year and month, as in ‘190101’.
minLon Required. Minimum longitude for area to be extracted.
maxLon Required. Maximum longitude for area to be extracted.
minLat Required. Minimum latitude for area to be extracted.
maxLat Required. Maximum latitude for area to be extracted.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used

Value
If successful, returns a data frame containing all of the precipitation values. The rows contain
the values for each location for all time intervals. The first 2 columns contain the Longitude and
Latitude, respectively for each location within the domain. The following columns contain the
precipitation rate for each time interval. The names of these columns are the time intervals, e.g.
‘1901-01-01_00:00’ (note the underscore) in GMT.
36 WATCHgroupWFDEIobs

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

See Also
WATCHdailyArealPrecip

Examples
## Not run:
monthly_rain <- WATCHgetWFDarealPrecip('Rainf_WFD_CRU_190101.nc',
minLon = -105, maxLon = -95, minLat = 49, maxLat = 56)
## End(Not run)

WATCHgroupWFDEIobs Create obs files from WATCH WFDEI data for groups of sites

Description
Extracts all variables from WFDEI NetCDF files and builds obs files for all specified locations

Usage
WATCHgroupWFDEIobs(
siteFile,
ncLocation,
outputLocation,
startyear = 1979,
endyear = 2001,
solarMethod = "PotSolarInst",
interpolationMethod = "linear",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
siteFile Required. A .csv file containing all of the variables required to describe the site
locations. These are:
Name Name of site
Land Land ID number
Longitude Site longitude
Latitude Site latitude
glon Site glon value
glat Site glat value
timezone Time zone for site. Must be in Etc format, e.g. Etc/GMT+7
WATCHgroupWFDEIobs 37

SolarOffset Local offset of solar noon in hours

ncLocation Required. Location of all of the WATCH WFD files. Must have a trailing ’\’
symbol.
outputLocation Required. Location for all of the output files. Must have a trailing ’\’ symbol.
startyear Optional. Year to begin extraction. Default is 1901.
endyear Optional. Year to begin extraction. Default is 2001.
solarMethod The method to be used for calculating the extra-terrestrial radiation. The default
method is ‘PotSolarInst’, which requires the package EcoHydRology to be
installed. The other supported method is ‘simpleMaxSolar’. Note that this
method is only valid for latitudes between 49 and 55◦ N.
interpolationMethod
Optional. A vector containing the methods to be used for interpolation for each
of the variables. Currently supported methods are ‘linear’ and ‘spline’. The
default is to use linear interpolation. If fewer methods than columns are speci-
fied, the methods are recycled.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If successful, returns the value TRUE and writes the specified .obs file. Each month’s data is written
as it is created. If unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

References
R code for conversion of air pressure and absolute humidity was taken from project PEcAn The Pre-
dictive Ecosystem Analyzer http://pecanproject.github.io. The source code is available at
https://github.com/PecanProject/pecan/blob/master/modules/data.atmosphere/R/metutils.
R.

Examples
## Not run:
points <- './Reanalysis/testdata/WATCH_selected_points.csv'
outputLocation <- './Reanalysis/testdata/'
ncloc <- '//water.usask.ca/Centre/Reanalysis_data/WATCH/WFD'
WATCHgroupWFDEIobs(siteFile = points, ncLocation = ncloc, outputLocation=outputLocation,
startyear = 1962, endyear = 1962))

## End(Not run)
38 WATCHgroupWFDobs

WATCHgroupWFDobs Create obs files from WATCH WFD data for groups of sites

Description
Extracts all variables from WFD NetCDF files and builds obs files for all specified locations

Usage
WATCHgroupWFDobs(
siteFile,
ncLocation,
outputLocation,
startyear = 1901,
endyear = 2001,
solarMethod = "PotSolarInst",
interpolationMethod = "linear",
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
siteFile Required. A .csv file containing all of the variables required to describe the site
locations. These are:
Name Name of site
Land Land ID number
Longitude Site longitude
Latitude Site latitude
glon Site glon value
glat Site glat value
timezone Time zone for site. Must be in Etc format, e.g. Etc/GMT+7
SolarOffset Local offset of solar noon in hours
ncLocation Required. Location of all of the WATCH WFD files. Must have a trailing ’\’
symbol.
outputLocation Required. Location for all of the output files. Must have a trailing ’\’ symbol.
startyear Optional. Year to begin extraction. Default is 1901.
endyear Optional. Year to begin extraction. Default is 2001.
solarMethod The method to be used for calculating the extra-terrestrial radiation. The default
method is ‘PotSolarInst’, which requires the package EcoHydRology to be
installed. The other supported method is ‘simpleMaxSolar’. Note that this
method is only valid for latitudes between 49 and 55◦ N.
WATCHhourlyObs 39

interpolationMethod
Optional. A vector containing the methods to be used for interpolation for each
of the variables. Currently supported methods are ‘linear’ and ‘spline’. The
default is to use linear interpolation. If fewer methods than columns are speci-
fied, the methods are recycled.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If successful, returns the value TRUE and writes the specified .obs file. Each month’s data is written
as it is created. If unsuccessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

References
R code for conversion of air pressure and absolute humidity was taken from project PEcAn The Pre-
dictive Ecosystem Analyzer http://pecanproject.github.io. The source code is available at
https://github.com/PecanProject/pecan/blob/master/modules/data.atmosphere/R/metutils.
R.

Examples
## Not run:
points <- './Reanalysis/testdata/WATCH_selected_points.csv'
outputLocation <- './Reanalysis/testdata/'
ncloc <- '//water.usask.ca/Centre/Reanalysis_data/WATCH/WFD'
WATCHgroupWFDobs(siteFile = points, ncLocation = ncloc, outputLocation=outputLocation,
startyear = 1962, endyear = 1962))

## End(Not run)

WATCHhourlyObs Interpolates 3 and 6 hour WATCH variables to hourly values

Description
Interpolates t, u10, ea, qsi, and qli values (6-hour in WFD, 3-hour in WFDEI) to hourly. The total p
values are evenly divided over the hourly intervals. Outputs hourly t, u10, ea, qsi, qli, and p.

Usage
WATCHhourlyObs(infile = "", outfile = "", logfile = "")
40 WRF2Obs

Arguments

infile Required. Name of file created by CreateWFDobs or CreateWFDobs.

outfile Required. Hourly obs file to be created.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not use

Value

If successful, returns the value TRUE and writes the specified .obs file of hourly values. If unsuc-
cessful, returns the value FALSE.

Author(s)

Kevin Shook

Examples

## Not run:
WATCHhourlyObs('VermilionWATCH_WFD.obs', 'VermilionWFDhourly.obs')
WATCHhourlyObs('VermilionWATCH_WFDEI.obs', 'VermilionWFDEIhourly.obs')
## End(Not run)

WRF2Obs Converts a WRF netcdf file to obs

Description

Creates a CRHMr data frame of all values from a WRF netCDF file containing t, RH, p, and wind
vectors for a single location.

Usage

WRF2Obs(
netCDFfile = "",
obsfile = "",
startDatetime = "2000-10-01 00:00",
timezone = "Etc/GMT+7",
trim = TRUE,
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)
WRFbyloc2obs 41

Arguments
netCDFfile Required. The name of the netCDF file containing the WRF data.
obsfile Optional. If specified the values are written to the obs file.
startDatetime Optional. Date and time of first interval. Format is "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm".
timezone Optional. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. You can use ‘Etc/GMT+6’ or
‘Etc/GMT+7’ for Central Standard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use
‘America/Regina’ as the time zone, as it includes historical changes between
standard and daylight savings.
trim Optional. If TRUE (the default) then the final output will be trimmed to CRHM
day boundaries.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If successful, returns the value TRUE and (optionaly) writes the specified .obs file. If unsuccessful,
returns the value FALSE.

Examples
## Not run: w <- WRF2Obs("wrf2d_tquvr.nc")

WRFbyloc2obs Extracts CRHM obs variables from a WRF NetCDF at a single speci-
fied location

Description
This function is intended to work with NetCDF created by the research group of Dr. Yanping Li
of Global Water Futures gwf.usask.ca. This function creates a CRHMr data frame from a WRF
NetCDF specified by their location within the file. This function will work even if there are only
values for a single location inside the NetCDF.

Usage
WRFbyloc2obs(
NetCDF = "",
obsfile = "",
startDatetime = "2000-10-01 00:00",
endDatetime = "2100-12-01 23:00",
42 WRFbyloc2obs

west_east_loc = 1,
south_north_loc = 1,
airPressure = 0,
returnRH = TRUE,
restrictRH = TRUE,
timezone = "",
trim = TRUE,
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
NetCDF Required. The name of the NetCDF containing the WRF data.
obsfile Optional. If specified the values are written to the obs file.
startDatetime Optional. Beginning datetime of data to be extracted. A string formatted as
"yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm". The default value is ‘2000-10-01 00:00’.
endDatetime Optional. Endning datetime of data to be extracted. A string formatted as "yyyy-
mm-dd hh:mm". The default value is ‘2100-12-01 23:00’.
west_east_loc Optional. The NetCDF west_east location as an integer. The default value of 1
specifies the westernmost location.
south_north_loc
Optional. The NetCDF south_north location as an integer. The default value of
1 specifies the southernernmost location.
airPressure Optional. The mean air pressure in Pa. If set to zero (the default) then the air
pressure within the NetCDF file will be used for converting the specific humidity
to relative humidity. Because the air pressure may be incorrect or missing, you
may wish to specify a mean air pressure to be used for the conversion. Note
that if there is no air pressure within the NetCDF and you do not specify an
air pressure value, this will trigger an error message, and the RH cannot be
calculated.
returnRH Optional. If TRUE, the default, RH will be returned if air temperature values are
present. If FALSE, then ea values will be returned, even if air temperatures are
available.
restrictRH Optional. If TRUE, the default, RH values will be restricted to being between 0
and 100 percent. If FALSE, then impossible RH values can be returned. Note that
this will have no effect if there are no air temperatures present, or if returnRH =
FALSE, in which case values of ea will be returned.
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. Under Linux, you can use ‘CST’
and ‘MST’ for Central Standard or Mountain Standard time, respectively. Under
Windows or OSX, you can use ‘etc/GMT+6’ or ‘etc/GMT+7’ for Central Stan-
dard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use ‘America/Regina’ as the time
zone, as it includes historical changes between standard and daylight savings
time.
WRFnearest2obs 43

trim Optional. If TRUE (the default) then the final output will be trimmed to CRHM
day boundaries.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value

If successful, returns either TRUE (if an obs file is specified) or a CRHMr obs data frame (if no obs
file is specified). The data frame will contain the standard CRHM variables: t, p, u, either rh or ea,
qsi, and qli, depending on their presence in the NetCDF. Note that the precipitation is the accumu-
lated value, because it can contain negative spikes and resets. To deaccumulate the precipitation,
you will have to use the CRHMr weighing gauge functions, such as weighingGauge1, to fill gaps,
weighingGauge2 or weighingGauge5 to remove resets. You can use weighingGaugeInterval to
deaccumulate the values. Note that because these functions use thresholds to define missing values,
spike and resets, they need to be used interatively. You can use the weighingGaugePlot to see how
well the data are being processed. You may also need to remove too-large precipitation events. If
unsucessful, returns FALSE.

Author(s)

Kevin Shook

See Also

WRFnearest2obs

Examples
## Not run: f <- "wrf2d_tquvr.nc"
r <- WRFbyloc2Obs(f, startDatetime = "1980-01-01 00:00", endDatetime = "1980-12-31 23:00")
## End(Not run)

WRFnearest2obs Extracts CRHM obs variables from a WRF NetCDF closest to speci-
fied point

Description

This function is intended to work with NetCDF created by the research group of Dr. Yanping Li
of Global Water Futures gwf.usask.ca. This function creates a CRHMr data frame from a WRF
NetCDF specified by their longitude and latitude, extracting values from the nearest location.
44 WRFnearest2obs

Usage
WRFnearest2obs(
NetCDF = "",
obsfile = "",
longitude = 0,
latitude = 0,
airPressure = 0,
returnRH = TRUE,
restrictRH = TRUE,
startDatetime = "2000-10-01 00:00",
endDatetime = "2100-12-01 23:00",
timezone = "",
trim = TRUE,
quiet = TRUE,
logfile = ""
)

Arguments
NetCDF Required. The name of the netCDF file containing the WRF data.
obsfile Optional. If specified the values are written to the obs file.
longitude Required. The longitude of the point being sought. The input value is not
checked for validity, in case the model extent changes.
latitude Required. The latitude of the point being sought. The input value is not checked
for validity, in case the model extent changes.
airPressure Optional. The mean air pressure in Pa. If set to zero (the default) then the air
pressure within the NetCDf file will be used for converting the specific humidity
to relative humidity. Because the air pressure may be incorrect or missing, you
may wish to specify a mean air pressure to be used for the conversion. Note
that if there is no air pressure within the NetCDF and you do not specify an
air pressure value, this will trigger an error message, and the RH cannot be
calculated.
returnRH Optional. If TRUE, the default, RH will be returned if air temperature values are
present. If FALSE, then ea values will be returned, even if air temperatures are
available.
restrictRH Optional. If TRUE, the default, RH values will be restricted to being between 0
and 100 percent. If FALSE, then impossible RH values can be returned. Note that
this will have no effect if there are no air temperatures present, or if returnRH =
FALSE, in which case values of ea will be returned.
startDatetime Optional. Beginning date of data to be extracted. A string formatted as "yyyy-
mm-dd hh:mm". The default value is ‘2000-10-01 00:00’.
endDatetime Optional. Ending date of data to be extracted. A string formatted as "yyyy-mm-
dd hh:mm". The default value is ‘2100-12-01 23:00’.
timezone Required. The name of the timezone of the data as a character string. This
should be the timezone of your data, but omitting daylight savings time. Note
WRFnearest2obs 45

that the timezone code is specific to your OS. To avoid problems, you should
use a timezone without daylight savings time. Under Linux, you can use ‘CST’
and ‘MST’ for Central Standard or Mountain Standard time, respectively. Under
Windows or OSX, you can use ‘etc/GMT+6’ or ‘etc/GMT+7’ for Central Stan-
dard and Mountain Standard time. DO NOT use ‘America/Regina’ as the time
zone, as it includes historical changes between standard and daylight savings
time.
trim Optional. If TRUE (the default) then the final output will be trimmed to CRHM
day boundaries.
quiet Optional. Suppresses display of messages, except for errors. If you are calling
this function in an R script, you will usually leave quiet=TRUE (i.e. the default).
If you are working interactively, you will probably want to set quiet=FALSE.
logfile Optional. Name of the file to be used for logging the action. Normally not used.

Value
If successful, returns either TRUE (if an obs file is specified) or a CRHMr obs data frame (if no obs
file is specified). The data frame will contain the standard CRHM variables: t, p, u, either rh or ea,
qsi, and qli, depending on their presence in the NetCDF. Note that the precipitation is the accumu-
lated value, because it can contain negative spikes and resets. To deaccumulate the precipitation,
you will have to use the CRHMr weighing gauge functions, such as weighingGauge1, to fill gaps,
weighingGauge2 or weighingGauge5 to remove resets. You can use weighingGaugeInterval to
deaccumulate the values. Note that because these functions use thresholds to define missing values,
spike and resets, they need to be used interatively. You can use the weighingGaugePlot to see how
well the data are being processed. You may also need to remove too-large precipitation events. If
unsucessful, returns FALSE.

Author(s)
Kevin Shook

See Also
WRFbyloc2obs

Examples
## Not run: f <- "wrf2d_tquvr.nc"
r <- WRFnearest2obs(f, longitude=-115.27,
latitude=52.03, startDatetime = "1980-01-01 00:00", endDatetime="1980-12-31 23:00")

## End(Not run)
Index

∗Topic datasets WATCHcreateWFDobs, 32

land, 22 WATCHdailyArealPrecip, 34, 36
WATCHgetWFDarealPrecip, 35
appendObs, 28 WATCHgroupWFDEIobs, 36
WATCHgroupWFDobs, 38
CanRCM4AdjustedCreateHourlyObs, 3 WATCHhourlyObs, 39
CanRCM4adjustedGetNearestTimeseries, 4, WRF2Obs, 40
5 WRFbyloc2obs, 41, 45
CanRCM4unadjustedGetNearestTimeseries, WRFnearest2obs, 43, 43
6

distributeQsi, 20

ERAdailyArealPrecip, 8
ERAdeaccum, 8, 13, 15, 17
ERAgetArealPrecip, 9
ERAgetMultipleLocationTimeseries, 10
ERAgetNearestTimeseries, 13, 13, 16–18,
20–22
ERAhourlyAirtemp, 15, 21
ERAhourlyLongwave, 16, 20
ERAhourlyPrecip, 18
ERAhourlyShortwave, 17, 19
ERAhourlyVP, 20
ERAhourlyWindspeed, 21

interpolate, 16, 21, 22

land, 22

NARRdownloadNetCDF, 23
NARRgetNearestTimeseries, 24

qa2ea, 26

Reanalysis-package, 2

trimObs, 28

WATCHcreateHourlyWFDEIobs, 27
WATCHcreateHourlyWFDobs, 22, 28, 29
WATCHcreateWFDEIobs, 31, 34

46