1. The current flowing through a pure inductor of 2 mH is Ans.

(i) ,
What is the (i) rms and (ii) the average
value of current for a complete cycle? Resistance of the bulb
Ans. Current flowing through the inductor

Comparing with the peak value of current is

(ii)
(i)
7. Prove that an ideal capacitor in an AC circuit does not
(ii) For a complete cycle, the average value of current is zero
dissipate power.
i.e. Ans. Average power consumption in an AC circuit is
2. How much average power, over a complete cycle, does an
AC source supply to a capacitor?
But in pure capacitive circuit, phase difference between
Ans. Average power,
voltage and current is
But for a purely capacitive circuit,

3. An alternating current, produces certain heat

H, in a resistor R, over a time . Write the value of Thus, no power is consumed in a purely capacitive AC
the DC current that would produce the same heat in the circuit.
same resistor, in the same time. 8. The instantaneous current from an AC source is
What is the average value of the current?
Ans. The required current is and given by Ans. The average or mean value of AC is that direct current
4. The instantaneous current and voltage in an AC circuit are which sends the same charge in a circuit in the same time as
and What is the power is sent by the given AC in the same circuit in its half time-
period.
dissipation in the circuit?
Given
Ans. Given, and
Comparing with
We get

Phase difference
Power dissipated,
9. A reactive element in an AC circuit causes the current
flowing (i) to lead in phase by (ii) to lag in phase by
with respect to the applied voltage. Identify the
element in each case.
Ans. (i) In a purely capacitive circuit, the current leads the
voltage by . So, the element will be a capacitor.
5. The instantaneous current and voltage of an AC circuit (ii) In a purely inductive circuit, the current lags in phase by
are and What is with respect to the applied voltage. So, the element
will be an inductor.
the power dissipated in the circuit? 10. In a series LCR circuit, the voltages across an inductor, a
capacitor and a resistor are 30 V, 30 V and 60 V
Ans. Given, respectively. What is the phase difference between the
applied voltage and the current in the circuit?
Comparing with and Ans. When the potential drop across the inductor and
capacitor is equal then, circuit is said to be in resonance. In
this state, there is no phase difference between applied
phase difference, voltage and current.
Given,
Here, we see that, i.e., the circuit is in resonance,
so there will be no phase difference between the applied
voltage and current.
11. Calculate the quality factor of a series LCR circuit with
6. A light bulb is rated 150W for 220V AC supply of 60Hz. . Mention the significance
Calculate (i) the resistance of the bulb and (ii) the rms of quality factor in LCR circuits.
current through the bulb.
Ans. Given
 Ans. (i) From graph (I), it is clear that resistance (opposition
Now, Q-factor to current) is not changing with frequency, i.e., resistance
does not depend on frequency of applied source, so the
circuit element here is a pure resistance. In graph (II), the
resistance increases linearly with frequency, so the circuit
Quality factor is also defined as element here is an inductor.
Inductive resistance,

A high value of Q means smaller energy loss relative to the (ii) Impedance offered by the series combination of
energy stored and smaller damping. Therefore, the resistance R and inductor L.
oscillations will die.
12. An alternating voltage is applied to a
pure resistor of . Find (i) the frequency of the source, In LR circuit, the applied voltage leads the current by
and (ii) the rms current through the resistor.
Ans. Given 15. An AC source of voltage is applied across
Comparing it with a series LCR circuit. Draw the phasor diagram for this
circuit when the (i) capacitive impedance exceeds the
(i) Here, inductive impedance and (ii) inductive impedance exceeds
i.e., the capacitive impedance.
Ans. (i) Capacitive impedance exceeds the inductive
impedance.
i.e.,
(ii) As
Phase difference in an LCR circuit: .
Here,
Here , so, will be negative. Hence, voltage
lags behind the current by a phase angle Such an AC
circuit is called as capacitance dominated circuit. The phasor
diagram in this case is shown below.

13. An alternating voltage is applied across

a pure resistor of . Find (i) the frequency of the source
and (ii) the rms current through the resistor.
Ans.
Comparing it with standard equation

(ii) Inductive impedance exceeds the capacitive impedance

(i) i.e., or .

Frequency of Phase difference . Hence, voltage leads the

current by a phase angle Such an AC circuit is called as

(ii) inductance dominated circuit.
The phasor diagram in this case is shown below.

14. (i) Graphs (I) and (II) represent the variation of the
opposition offered by the circuit element to the flow of
alternating current with frequency of the applied emf.
Identify the circuit element corresponding to each graph.
Also, write the expression for the impedance offered by the
series combination of the above two elements connected
across the AC sources. Which will be ahead in phase in this 16. An AC voltage of 100 V, 200 Hz is connected across a
circuit, voltage or current? resistor and 2mH inductor in series. Calculate (i)
impedance of the circuit (ii) rms current in the circuit.
Ans.

(i) Impedance of the circuit,

 is the resonance curve and lesser will be the loss in energy
of the circuit.
19. The figure shows a LCR series circuit with
Impedance (nearly) connected to a variable
frequency source of 240 V.
(ii)

17. An inductor of 200mH, a capacitor C and a resistor of 10

are connected in series with a 100V, 50 Hz source. If the
current and voltage are in phase with each other, calculate
the capacitance of the capacitor.
Ans. Current and voltage are in same phase when the circuit
is in resonance.
Calculate (i) the angular frequency of the source which
Resonating frequency drives the circuit at resonance, (ii) the current at the
resonating frequency, and (iii) the rms potential drop across
the inductor at resonance.
Ans. Given,
(i) Resonating angular frequency,

18. For a series LCR circuit connected to an AC source of

variable frequency and voltage , draw a plot
showing the variation of current, I, with angular frequency,
for two different values of resistance R 1 and R2 (R1 > R2). (ii) Current at resonating frequency,
Write the condition under which resonance occurs. For
which value of the resistance out of the two curves, a
sharper resonance is produced? Define Q-factor of the
circuit and give its significance.
Ans. The figure below shows the variation of with in
(iii) Inductive reactance
an LCR series circuit for two values of resistance and
At resonance
Potential drop across inductor

20. A series LCR circuit is connected to a 220 V variable

frequency AC supply. If mH,
and (i) find the frequency of the source, for
which average power absorbed by the circuit is maximum
and (ii) calculate the value of maximum current amplitude.
Ans. Given
For resonance in an LCR circuit

(i) Average power in a LCR series AC circuit is maximum

when circuit is in resonance.
Resonant frequency,
The current amplitude is maximum at the resonant
frequency Since at resonance, the current
amplitude for is sharper than that for .
Quality factor of a resonant LCR circuit is defined as the
ratio of voltage drop across the capacitor (or inductor) to the
(ii) As
applied voltage, and is given by
Maximum current amplitude
The Q factor determines the sharpness of the resonance 21. An inductor and a bulb are connected in series to an AC
curve and if the resonance is less sharp, not only is the source of 12 V, 50 Hz. The current in the circuit is 2A and
maximum current less, the circuit is close to the resonance
for a larger range of frequencies. Therefore the tuning the phase angle between voltage and current is
of the circuit is not good. So, less sharp the resonance, less Calculate the impedance and inductance of the circuit.
is the selectivity of the circuit while higher is the Q, sharper
Ans. Given,

Also, power factor

Impedance of LCR series AC circuit,

In a LR circuit

(ii) Peak value of current flowing through the circuit,

But,

Inductance,

22. When a given coil is connected to a 200 V DC source, 2

A current flows and when the same coil is connected to 200 (iii) Power factor
V, 50 Hz AC source only 1 A current flows in the circuit.
(i) Explain why the current decreases in the latter case?
(ii) Calculate the self-inductance of the coil used.
Ans. In a DC circuit, an inductor offers no resistance, so the Power factor at resonance,
impedance of the circuit is equal to the resistance in the
circuit. For comparison,
(i) In DC circuit,
But a coil has impedance 24. In the given circuit, calculate (a) the capacitance C of the
capacitor if the power factor of the circuit is unity, and (b)
the Q-factor of the circuit.
i.e.,
So, in DC, more current flows than AC.
(ii) In a DC circuit,

In AC,
Ans. If power factor of LCR series AC circuit is unity then
circuit must be in resonance.

Resonating frequency,

Inductance,

23. A series LCR circuit with

is connected across an AC source of 220 V, 50 Q-factor

Hz. Calculate (i) the impedance of the circuit (ii) the peak
value of the current flowing in the circuit, and (iii) the power
factor of this circuit, and compare this value with the one at 25. A resistor of , an inductor of and a
its resonant frequency.

Ans. (i) Given, capacitor of are connected in series across an AC

. source . Find the rms voltage across the

Inductive reactance, resistor, the inductor and the capacitor. Is the algebraic sum
of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes,
resolve the paradox.
Capacitive reactance,
Ans. To find the voltage across each circuit element first
calculate the total impedance and then the total current in the Also,
circuit. Now to get voltage across each element, multiply the
current flowing through it with its individual reactance.
Percentage efficiency
Given

Applied voltage,
Comparing it with

(i) Output power

Inductive reactance,

Capacitive reactance,

(ii)
Impedance of the circuit

Maximum current in the circuit, Voltage

(iii)

across resister Current

across inductor
29. A 100-turns coil of area rotates at half a
across capacitor revolution per second. It is placed in a magnetic field 0.01 T
Here, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the coil. Calculate the
Because and are not in same phase, maximum voltage generated in the coil.
Ans.
26. Mention the two properties of the material suitable for Peak value of voltage
making core of a transformer.
Ans. (i) Low retentivity or coercivity, (ii) low hysteresis loss
or high permeability and susceptible.
30. The primary coil of an ideal step-up transformer has 100
27. Calculate the current drawn by the primary coil of a turns and the transformation ratio is also 100. The input
transformer which steps-down 200 V to 20 V to operate a voltage and the power are 220 V and 1100 W respectively.
device of resistance 20 . The efficiency of the transformer Calculate (i) number of turns in the secondary, (ii) the
is 80%. current in the primary, (iii) voltage across the secondary,
Ans. Efficiency of transformer (iv) the current in the secondary, (v) power in the secondary.
Ans. Given,
Input power

(i) Transformation ratio

(ii)

28. A step-down transformer is operated on a 2.5 kV line. It

supplies a load with 20A. The ratio of the primary winding
to the secondary is 10:1. If the transformer is 90% efficient, (iii)
calculate (i) the power output (ii) the voltage and the current
in the secondary.
Ans. Input voltage
Input current (iv)
(v) Output power Input power