Data Governance

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Data governance:

Data governance is like a set of rules and tools that safeguard and organize how data is
handled. It involves people, technology, processes, and policies working together to
ensure data is used efficiently, maintaining its quality and security. Think of it as a
guardian for data, deciding who can access it, what they can do with it, and how. This
concept ensures data stays reliable and secure from start to finish, emphasizing things like
data accuracy, accessibility, usability, and consistency. In simpler terms, data governance
is about managing data wisely to make sure it's trustworthy, accessible, and used
responsibly.

Ethics:

Ethics refers to the moral principles shaping individual or group behaviour, helping
distinguish between right and wrong. In the realm of software and data usage, ethical
guidelines are crucial to ensure societal well-being. Fundamental principles like integrity,
honesty, objectivity, and non-discrimination must underpin all processes. Additionally,
when handling data, it's essential to prioritize security, develop impartial and robust
machine learning models, embrace transparency, and adopt technologies and data
architectures with minimal intrusion. Adhering to these ethical considerations promotes
responsible and beneficial use of technology and data in society.

Data Privacy:

Data privacy is an individual's right to control how their personal information is collected
and used. It extends beyond secure data storage, emphasizing the need for user consent
in data collection. In data privacy, individuals are recognized as the sole owners of their
data, allowing them to request its removal. Data governance, on the other hand, oversees
aspects like data quality, security, architecture, integration, and storage. Data privacy
concerns focus on how organizations collect and store personal data, share it with third
parties, and comply with government regulations. As awareness grows, evolving data
privacy rules aim to protect individuals in an increasingly data-driven world.

GDPR : Regulation act;

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a comprehensive data privacy


regulation enacted by the European Union. Implemented in 2018, GDPR empowers
individuals with control over their personal data, setting stringent rules for its processing
and storage by organizations. It requires explicit user consent, mandates data breach
notifications, and grants individuals the right to access and erase their data. Non-
compliance results in significant fines. GDPR aims to enhance privacy and reshape the way
organizations handle and safeguard personal information within the EU.
HIPAA : Regulation act;

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a U.S. legislation
ensuring the confidentiality and security of individuals' health information. Enacted in
1996, HIPAA establishes standards for electronic health transactions and safeguards
sensitive medical data. It grants patients control over their health information, limits its
disclosure, and imposes strict penalties for breaches. HIPAA applies to healthcare
providers, insurers, and their business associates, aiming to protect the privacy and
security of health data in the American healthcare system.

CCPA : Regulation act;

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) is a state-level privacy law in the United
States. Enacted in 2018 and effective from 2020, CCPA grants California residents rights
over their personal information. It requires businesses to disclose data collection
practices, allows consumers to opt out of data sales, and provides the right to access and
delete personal information. CCPA applies to companies meeting certain criteria,
enhancing privacy protections and consumer control over personal data within the state
of California.

COPPA : Regulation act;

The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) is a U.S. law safeguarding children's
privacy on websites and online platforms. Enacted in 1998, COPPA requires obtaining
parental consent before collecting, using, or disclosing personal information from children
under 13. It mandates clear privacy policies and establishes guidelines for online services
directed towards children. COPPA aims to protect young users from data exploitation and
ensure responsible data practices in the digital realm, emphasizing the importance of
parental involvement in children's online activities.

PDP : Regulation act;

The Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 in India, introduced by the Ministry of Electronics
and Information Technology, aims to safeguard personal data. Presented in December
2019, the bill is currently under examination by a Joint Parliamentary Committee, with
inputs from experts and stakeholders. It outlines measures for data protection and
suggests the establishment of a Data Protection Authority of India. The bill focuses on
ensuring the responsible and secure handling of individuals' personal information in the
country.

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