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Unit 5 Database Design

According to DU BSC CS Syllabus for DBMS

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46 views

Unit 5 Database Design

According to DU BSC CS Syllabus for DBMS

Uploaded by

avinash.22512
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 5: Database Design


9.1 Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping

9.1.1 ER-to-Relational Mapping Algorithm


This section details the steps to convert an ER schema into a relational
database schema using the COMPANY database as an example.

Unit 5: Database Design 1


Steps of the ER-to-Relational Mapping Algorithm:
1. Mapping of Regular Entity Types

Create a relation R for each strong entity type E.

Include all simple attributes of E in R.

Use a key attribute of E as the primary key for R.

Example: Relations EMPLOYEE, DEPARTMENT, and PROJECT are


created from their corresponding entity types with primary keys Ssn,
Dnumber, and Pnumber respectively.

2. Mapping of Weak Entity Types

Create a relation R for each weak entity type W.

Include all simple attributes of W and the primary key of the owner
entity type as a foreign key in R.

Unit 5: Database Design 2


The primary key of R is a combination of the owner’s primary key and
the weak entity’s partial key.

Example: DEPENDENT relation includes the primary key Ssn of


EMPLOYEE as a foreign key (renamed Essn), and its primary key is
{Essn, Dependent_name}.

3. Mapping of Binary 1:1 Relationship Types

Three approaches:

1. Foreign key approach: Include the primary key of one entity type as
a foreign key in the other.

2. Merged relation approach: Merge the entities into a single relation


if both participations are total.

3. Cross-reference approach: Create a separate relation for the


relationship.

Example: The MANAGES relationship is mapped by including the


primary key of EMPLOYEE as a foreign key (Mgr_ssn) in DEPARTMENT,
and including the attribute Start_date.

4. Mapping of Binary 1:N Relationship Types

Two approaches:

1. Foreign key approach: Include the primary key of the entity on the
1-side as a foreign key in the entity on the N-side.

2. Relationship relation approach: Create a separate relation for the


relationship.

Example: WORKS_FOR, CONTROLS, and SUPERVISION relationships


are mapped using foreign keys. For WORKS_FOR, Dnumber from
DEPARTMENT is included in EMPLOYEE as Dno.

5. Mapping of Binary M:N Relationship Types

Create a new relation S to represent the M:N relationship.

Include the primary keys of the participating entity types as foreign


keys in S, forming the primary key of S.

Example: WORKS_ON relation includes primary keys of PROJECT (Pno)


and EMPLOYEE (Essn) and an attribute Hours.

6. Mapping of Multivalued Attributes

Unit 5: Database Design 3


Create a new relation R for each multivalued attribute.

Include an attribute corresponding to the multivalued attribute and the


primary key of the entity as a foreign key.

The primary key of R is the combination of the multivalued attribute and


the entity’s primary key.

Example: DEPT_LOCATIONS includes Dlocation and Dnumber as the


primary key.

7. Mapping of N-ary Relationship Types (n > 2)

Create a new relationship relation S.

Include the primary keys of the participating entity types as foreign


keys.

The primary key of S is usually a combination of all foreign keys.

Example: SUPPLY relation includes Sname, Part_no, and Proj_name as


foreign keys.

Unit 5: Database Design 4


For Chapter 14 Please go through the following ppt

Elmasri_6e_Ch15.ppt

For Chapter 15 go through the following ppt up to page 22

Elmasri_6e_Ch16.ppt.pptx

Unit 5: Database Design 5

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