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STRATIFICATION AND MOBILITY
Up above the world so

high, love this position
what a sigh!
Social Mobility
One of the main interests of proponents of
social stratification theory is the study of
social mobility.
Social mobility is the movement of individuals

and groups through the social structure or a
change in one's place within it.
Types of Mobility
• • Based on the direction
• 1) Horizontal mobility refers to when an individual or
organization moves up or down the social structure
without changing their position within social
hierarchy.
• 2) Vertical Mobility- Movement along hierarchy is
called vertical mobility (may be upward/downward).
• When someone moves from a lower to a higher
social class, it's referred to as upward mobility. In
contrast, when people shift from a higher to a lower
socioeconomic status, they undergo downward
mobility.
• • Based on speed
• 1) Intergenerational- Positional change over
generations, such as an ex-rickshaw puller's kid
becoming a professor
• 2) Intra-generational – shift in status during the
course of a person's lifespan. For example, former
teacher appointed to principal’s position.
• • Based on system of stratification
• 1) Mobility in open system -higher incidences of mobility. E.g. Class system.
• 2) Mobility in close system - lesser incidences of mobility. E.g. Caste system
Causes of Social Mobility
• Education- People who reside in underprivileged areas are more likely to attend
impoverished schools. Compared to children from upper-class families, those who
live in poverty have a five-fold higher risk of dropping out of high school.
• Before graduating, individuals who receive a below-average education may
discover that they are on the wrong side of a lifetime career, income, and
opportunity gap.
• Migration- Another element that historically has contributed to mobility,
particularly upward mobility, is migration across international borders. Many
people decide to leave their homes and traverse oceans in search of better chances
or to escape persecution.
• Revolutions- Societies frequently undergo abrupt and significant change as a result
of revolutions. While once oppressed groups might gain power, many others who
had long been accustomed to wealth, status, and reputation might lose it all.
Factors of Social Mobility
Miller & Fox studied mobility in terms of how blue-collar employees transitioned to white-collar jobs.
They discovered that the greatest mobility results from the simultaneous presence of five factors:
High economic growth.
Expansion of education access.
Urbanization.
Political stability.
Achievement orientation.
The Effects of Mobility
The effects of mobility-
1) Enhanced innovation and effectiveness
2) Cultural hegemony
3) Lower likelihood of confrontation
4) Lessened hierarchical distinctions (everyone wears denim, eat pizza)
5) Anomie is produced by people using shortcuts and, as a result, scams (anomie of limitless desires).
6) The possibility of mobility strains social ties and increases divorce rates, loneliness, and nuclearization of families.
PHASE- 3
• Only civilizations with equal opportunity and open stratification may use Parsons
theory (achievement based). India's caste-based society is exempt from its
application.
• His idea of stratification is not always functional.
• Parsons does not investigate what will occur if people defy traditional values.
• Davis and Moore, according to Tumin, disregarded the impact of power on the
unequal distribution of rewards.
• Instead of their practical significance, disparities in power may be to blame for the
disparity in salary and prestige.
• The major distinction between social stratification and social mobility is that the
former refers to how people are classified and arranged in society, whilst the latter
refers to how people move up or down a social stratification structure.
• Every civilization uses a system of stratification to separate its members into
distinct levels and positions based on a variety of criteria.
• For instance, the stratification structure used in today's society is based on money
and income.
• It is occasionally also feasible to advance through the social strata and get to a
higher level. Social mobility is the ability to advance through social strata.

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STRATIFICATION AND MOBILITY

Up above the world so

Social mobility is the movement of individuals

High economic growth.

Expansion of education access.

The effects of mobility-

1) Enhanced innovation and effectiveness

3) Lower likelihood of confrontation

4) Lessened hierarchical distinctions (everyone wears denim, eat pizza)

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