Elective BCO
Elective BCO
Prepared by:
JAYSON M. LLANES
Contents
1. What is a Computer System?
Four Functions of Computer
6. Using a Mouse
Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from
the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions
(called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future
use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical)
calculations.
The basic components of a modern digital computer are: Input device, Output
device, Central Processing Unit (CPU), mass storage device and memory.
Computer input devices are the physical components of the computer which
are used to give the data given by the user to the computer. Using input devices
the user can give the data to the computer.
Computer output devices are the physical components of the computer which
are used to give the computer result to the user. Using output devices, the user
can see the computer generated result.
Computer storage devices are the physical components of the computer which
are used to store data internally or externally.
Computer optical storage devices are the physical components fo the computer
that are used to read and write data of the storage devices.
Hardware and Software are the two basic parts of a computer system.
Hardware and Software have a symbolic relationship, this means that without
software hardware is very limited and without hardware software wouldn't be
able to run at all. They need each other to fulfill their task.
Figure 6. Hardware of a modern computer
The relationship between Hardware and Software
A layer structure showing the relationship between various layers of software
and hardware.
Hardware is any part of a computer system you can see or touch. A peripheral is
any piece of hardware attached to a computer such as a printer.
Software
Software is a set of electronic instructions that tell a computer what to do. You
cannot see or touch software but you can see and touch the packaging the
software comes in.
Application Software
Step 1. Connect the video cable (VGA, DVI or HDMI) to the monitor.
Step 2. Connect the other end to the system unit.
Step 3. Connect the power cable of the monitor.
Step 4. Connect the USB keyboard and mouse to USB port.
Step 5. If you have speaker, connect it to your PC in the speaker port.
Step 6. Connect the power cable of both the monitor and system unit to the
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). Be sure to check the voltage.
Step 7. Check all the connections if properly made.
Step 8. Turn on the PC to see if will work properly.
Using a Mouse
If you are left-handed you may find it easier to put the mouse on the left-hand
side of your keyboard and use your middle finger for the left button.
You only need to use the left button for this section. If you click on the right
button - don't worry just click on the left button again.
When you move the mouse it moves a pointer or "cursor“on the screen.
The cursor will change shape depending on what you are doing.
How to use a mouse to select, open, and move items on your computer.
You can use mouse to do a variety of tasks - select, open, and move things.
To open things click twice on the left button - think "knock, knock" on the door.
To select things, move your cursor over the item, click once with the left button
and let go.
To move things, you need to "drag and drop". Hold down the left button as you
"drag“the mouse along. Let go of the button once you have positioned the item
where you want it to put.
Mouse Tutorial
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/mousetutorial/mouse-tutorial/1/
Desktop and Icons
The start button lets you open programs and files on your computer.
The taskbar shows which programs and folder or document you have open.
A folder stores files such as documents or pictures.
When you open a folder by clicking on it twice with your mouse its content will
appear in window
You can use the scroll bars to move around the window.
https://uis.georgetown.edu
/file-explorer/
File Explorer Parts Description
1. Navigation pane From the Navigation pane, you can view your
computer’s file and folder structure and access
files and folders.
In the Navigation pane is the Quick access area;
from the Quick access area, you can quickly and
easily navigate to folders you use regularly. To
add (“pin”) a folder to the Quick access area,
right-click on the folder name and then select
Pin to Quick access from the drop-down menu.
To open File Explorer, click on the File Explorer icon located in the taskbar.
Alternatively, you can open File Explorer by clicking on the Start button and
then clicking on File Explorer.
Displaying Subfolders
If you’ve used previous versions of Windows, you know that a folder name
would have a plus sign next to it if that folder contains documents or subfolders.
With Windows 10, if a folder contains subfolders, that folder name will instead
have a small right-pointing triangle next to it.
• No triangle next to a folder name means the folder has no subfolders.
• Right-pointing triangle next to a folder name means that the folder has subfolders.
• Down-pointing triangle next to a folder name means that subfolders are currently
displayed for that folder.
To view a folder’s subfolders, click on the right-pointing triangle next to the
folder. The right-pointing triangle will turn into a down-pointing triangle, and
the subfolders will be displayed, as shown below.
Accessing Your Files and Folders
There are number of ways you can navigate to your files and folders in File
Explorer:
1. Using the Address bar (located at the top of File Explorer). The Address bar
shows the full path of your current location.
The Address bar, which is located at the top of File Explorer as shown below,
displays the path of the currently selected folder.
File Explorer drop-down menus are available for each subfolder in the Address
bar. So you can easily go backward or forward in the folder path by clicking on
the right-pointing arrow next to a folder and selecting a subfolder from the
drop-down menu.
2. Forward and Backward buttons
3. From the Folders pane
4. Using the Search function (searches file names and file and folder contents
in the current folder to find items containing your search term)
Viewing Folders at the Same Level as Your Current Folder
To view the folders at the same level as the current folder, click on the right-
pointing arrow to the left of that folder listing in the Address bar. (The screen
example below shows that clicking on the arrow next to Documents displays all
the folders at the same level as My Stuff.)
Note: The current folder (in this example, the My Stuff folder) is shown in
boldface type.
Viewing Previously Visited Folders in the Address Bar
To view folders you’ve been to previously, you can do any of the following:
Click on the Forward or Back buttons. (These buttons work just like the
Forward and Back buttons on a Web browser.)
Click on a folder name in the Address bar.
Viewing the Contents of a Folder in the Address Bar
Click on the right-pointing arrow next to the folder whose subfolders you want
to view. The arrow changes to a downward-pointing arrow, and a drop-down
list of the subfolders will be displayed.
Changing How Your Files and Folders are Displayed
You can change how your folder and file icons look, as well as display different
information about them. Note: Changes you make will apply to the contents of
the current folder only.
You can add a column headings to display additional information about your
files and folders. (Note: You can only do this in Details view.)
1. Navigate to the folder for which you want to add a column heading.
2. Right-click on any column heading.
3. From the drop-down menu, click on the heading you want to add so that a
check mark appears. (In the example below, the heading “Date created” is being
selected.)
4. The heading you added will be displayed.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you’ve added all the desired column headings.
Removing a Column Heading
1. Navigate to the folder for whom you want to remove column headings.
2. Right-click on any column heading to display a drop-down menu of column
headings; the headings that are currently displayed have check marks next
them, as shown below.
3. Click on the column heading you want to remove so that the check mark no
longer appears for that heading. The column heading will no longer be
displayed for the current folder’s contents.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you’ve removed all the desired column headings.
Creating a New Folder
5. After you enter the folder name, click anywhere outside the text area to
complete creation of the folder name.
Displaying Subfolders
In File Explorer, you will see a right-pointing bracket ( > ) next to any folder that
contains subfolders. Just move your mouse over a folder name to see if it
contains the bracket.
In the example above, “This PC” contains subfolders. To display the subfolders,
just click on the folder name.
There are a number of ways to display a folder in File Explorer:
3. If you’ve set up search criteria you want to retain for a future search, you can
save that search by clicking Save search.
Creating a Shortcut to a Folder
You can add a folder in the Quick access area of the Navigation Pane as a
shortcut, much like you might add a bookmark in a Web browser. Creating a
shortcut enables you to quickly and easily get to any folder you use frequently.
1. Open Windows Explorer.
2. Navigate to the folder for which you want to create a shortcut.
3. Drag the folder icon to the Favorite Links section, and then drop it in the
position you want it to appear. (A horizontal line changes position as you move
your mouse. The line indicates where your icon will appear.)
The folder will be displayed in the Quick access area, as shown in the example
below.
https://uis.georgetown.edu/file-explorer/
Get Started: How to Customize the Start Menu in Windows
For easy access to your favorite apps and most-used settings, here's how to
customize the Start Menu in Windows 10 and Windows 11.
Microsoft seems to rethink the Start menu with each new version of Windows.
Jumping from Windows 10 to Windows 11 can make your head spin with all the
new tools and tricks you have to learn before you can fully navigate the menu.
Even after you get used to the changes, there are always hidden features you
may not realize exist. No matter which version of Windows you use, here’s a
rundown of how to most effectively use the Start menu.
Tips for Using the Windows 10 Start Menu
Click the Start button in Windows 10, and all your installed apps are listed
alphabetically as shortcuts. Most of them appear individually, but some (such as
Windows Accessories) are nestled in folders that you must click to open.
1. Manage Your Folder Shortcuts
To the left of the app list are icons that grant access to Documents, Pictures,
Settings, and Power. You can peek at the names of the icons without having to
hover over each one if you click the hamburger menu in the top-left corner of
the Start menu. Click the icon again, and the pane returns to its condensed view.
The Pictures and Documents shortcuts open to their respective folder on your
PC. Settings will open the Windows 10 Settings menu, while Power will let you
shut down, restart, or (if you have a laptop) put the computer to sleep.
Click your account name to access additional options. Choose Change account
settings to display your account screen in Settings. Click Lock, and you’re
thrown back to the Windows 10 Lock screen. Select Sign out to log out of
Windows and let another person sign in.
Don't like the default folders? You can change them if you open Settings >
Personalization > Start and click the Choose which folders appear on Start
link at the bottom of the screen. Additional options include File Explorer,
Downloads, Music, Videos, Network, and Personal Folder.
2. Manage Your App List
You can manage the apps right from the app list in the Start menu. Right-click
on an app to view a pop-up menu with a few different options. Click Pin to Start
and the shortcut for the app is saved to the tiled section of the Start menu.
Choose Uninstall if you wish to remove the app from Windows.
From the More submenu, you may be able to pin the shortcut to the Taskbar,
view the app’s settings, rate and review the app in the Microsoft Store, or share
a link to the app’s Microsoft Store page with someone else. Not all apps offer the
same options here.
You can also head to Settings > Personalization > Start and enable or disable
Show app list in Start menu to determine whether the app list is visible when
you click the Start button.
3. Manage Start Menu Tiles
You can drag and drop shortcuts from the app list to the tiled section of the
Start menu, which gives you a few more options. Right-click on a tiled app to
see another pop-up menu. Depending on the app, you may be able to unpin it,
resize the tile, uninstall it, and more.
For some apps, you can choose as many as four sizes: Small, Medium, Wide, and
Large. Under More are options to turn off the live tile for supported apps, pin or
unpin the app from the Taskbar, and open the app’s settings, among others.
You’re able to drag apps in the tiled section around the screen. You can also
place related apps into their own groups, and then give the grouping a name.
Additionally, you can open Settings > Personalization > Start and enable
Show more tiles on Start to add extra space to the tiled section so you can
squeeze in more apps.
4. Create App Folders
You can put apps into their own folders to organize them and free up space on
the Start menu. To do this, look for two related apps and drop one of the tiles on
top of the other. You can then create a name for that folder. More apps can be
added by dropping their tiles on top of the folder.
5. Get App Recommendations
If you want Windows to make app recommendations, head to Settings >
Personalization > Start and make sure that any of Show recently added apps,
Show most used apps, or Show suggestions occasionally in Start are
enabled. Suggestions will be displayed at the top of the Start menu.
6. Enable the Start Screen
For any device you control with a mouse and keyboard, the Start menu should
work just fine. However, if you have a touch-screen device like a tablet or hybrid,
you may find the Start screen easier to work on. You can enable this feature by
going to Settings > Personalization > Start and turning on Use Start full
screen. Now, when you click the Start button, you will see the Start screen
instead of the default Start menu.
7. Display Recent Files
You can make certain apps, such as Adobe Acrobat or Photoshop, display recent
files when you right-click on its shortcut in the Start menu. Open Settings >
Personalization > Start and enable Show recently opened items in Jump
Lists on Start or the Taskbar and in File Explorer Quick Access.
8. Open the Power User Menu
For one last tip, right-click the Start button to access a secret menu that allows
you to run commands for Power Options, Network Connections, Windows
PowerShell, Task Manager, File Explorer, Search, Run, and more. There are also
ways to customize this menu to your liking.
Activity 2. Learner must be familiarized with icons, tools and desktop
workplace.
Learner will create folder on desktop. Rename the folder Lastname, Firstname,
opened the folder. Try to put file made from MS Word. Click shutdown.
Shutdown properly. Turn on the system unit.
Installing the Printer
A computer printer does not work until you install the included drivers and
software. If you have lost the CD for your printer, you can download the drivers
for your printer and use the drivers to install your printer. A listing of printer
manufacturers and links to their associated drivers pages are on our printer
driver page.
Connecting the printer to the computer
Connect the printer to the computer using a USB cable and then connect the
power cable to a power outlet. Today, almost all home computer printers are
using a USB cable similar to the example picture.
Tip: If this is a network printer, connect the printer to a wireless network or the
RJ-45 connector.
Note: A laptop computer works the same way as a desktop computer.
Smartphone and tablet users must have a printer that can connect to devices
wirelessly or over the internet to print.
Setup Printer and Install Software
Every printer should come with the software used to install a printer in
Windows or your operating system.
1. After everything has been plugged in, turn the computer on.
2. Insert the CD that came with the printer on optical drive. If the CD does not
automatically start, open This PC, double click on the CD drive, and then click
the setup or install file. If you have downloaded the drivers, run the
downloaded setup file.
3. Follow the installation wizard and once completed your printer software is
installed.
If your computer does not have an optical drive or you lost the CD, you can
download the software from your printer from the manufacturer's printer
driver page. Once the driver have been downloaded you can run the file to
install the drivers.
Tip: A listing of printer drivers and software is on our printer driver page.
Note: If you have installed the printer doing the above steps, these steps can be
skipped unless you encountered errors.
1. With the printer connected and on, open the Control Panel.
2. In the Control Panel double-click the Printers or Printers and Fax icon.
3. In the Printers window, click the Add a printer icon.
4. After completing the above steps, you should see the Windows Printer
Wizard. Click Next to start the wizard.
5. Next, you have the choice of installing a Local or Network printer. If the
printer is connected to your computer choose Local printer attached to this
computer and click Next.
6. When prompted for the location of the printer drivers, browse to the
directory of your drivers or point it to the printer CD.
Testing the Printer
After the printer is installed, you can use Windows to print a test page to help
verify the printer is working.
Processor
The computer processor is and will always be one of the most important
considerations when purchasing a computer. Today, with multiple
cpu/processor manufacturers, it may be more confusing as well as more cost
efficient to look at all options for computer processors. Always buy the current
technology processor.
Memory is one of the more important purchasing decisions on a computer. The
more memory in the computer, the more efficient the computer will run.
Nowadays memory is ranging from 8 GB to 16 GB on personal computers.
Hard Drive
The hard drive will be the destination of all your files and information. Make
sure you get a hard disk drive that will have plenty of available space and will
have plenty of available space and will run at speeds that don't slow the overall
computer down. Latest hard disk drives are with the capacity of 500 GB to 1 TB.
Activity 3. Question and Answer:
Learner can ask frequently ask question on how to buy or what to look in terms
of buying a new system unit. There will be a brainstorming on learner
experiences on buying a system unit. They will come up a proposed system unit
to buy based on their needs.
e-References:
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/mousetutorial/mouse-tutorial/1/
https://uis.georgetown.edu/file-explorer/
https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/tricks-for-managing-windows-start-menu