DISASTERS MANAGEMENT

(21EE753)

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 Action Plan for cyclone disaster
management
• Action Plan-Phase 1(Before)
• Action Plan-Phase II(During)
• Action Plan-Phase III(After)

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 Action Plan for cyclone disaster
management
Three phases
• Phase1 Phase II Phase III

Before the After cyclone crossing

During the cyclone After
Before commencement of During the coast and
effect
cyclone effect weakening

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 Action Plan Phase I

Village Local
Maritime State MROs, Division officers, committees, Mass Publicity by
IMD
district collectors District Heads Sarpanchs, Local drums and beats
village level officers

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Immediate actions have to be taken by the
committee

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 Actions to be taken by Authorities

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 Action Plan Phase II

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Immediate action Taken by the Committee

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 Action Plan Phase III(After)

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 OutLook Of Disaster

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 Role of Different Institutions' in
Natural Disaster Management
• Role of Panchayat Raj

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 Gram Panchayats

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 Mandal Parishads

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 Zilla Parishad

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Role of PRA(Participatory Rural
Appraisal)Groups
• The PRA group generally consists village elders, prominent
men, ward members, councilors, teachers, doctors etc.
• PRA is a set of tools that can be adopted to increase the ability
of the community to analyze, understand and share with others
of the life and their living environment.
• It enables them to go for a process to plan, implement, monitor
and evaluate their nature of life and the living environment

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 Role of PRA

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 Applications of PRA
• Community or people be informed the basic aim of collection of
information.
• The sharing of information with them should be friendly and in helpful
atmosphere.
• Encourage the people to share their information and advisories in their own
way.
• Complete freedom be given to express their views and which shall be
noted. They should not be restricted to express their views.
• Each PRA group may be composed of 5 to 6 members. Selection of
members in a group in different areas may be composed of different strata
of community.
• To extract or collect information frame the questions in different ways.
• The involvement of local people (in PRA groups) in hazard preparedness, a
number of activities have to be planned, organised, monitored and
executed by the role players and stake holders to reduce the loss of life and
damages.

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 Disaster Management Gol-UNDP
Programme
• The Gol and UNDP Disaster Risk
Management Programme provides support to
the Government (State) to establish
institutions/agencies to address disaster
preparedness, response, prevention and
mitigation.

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 Disaster Management Gol-UNDP
Programme
• Capacity building to institutionalize systems for disaster
management in the government
• Support preparation of participatory multi-hazard
preparedness plans, through preparation of response and
mitigation plans for disaster risk management at State,
District, Block (mandaI) and Village and ward level in 176
most multi-hazard prone districts of 17 selected States
• Awareness generation and education programmes in disaster
risk reduction and recovery
• Networking knowledge on effective approaches, methods
and tools for disaster risk management, developing and
promoting policy frame works at State and National levels.

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 Role of NGOs, Self Help Groups in
Disaster Management
• The role of NGOs in disaster management is well
appreciated by the Health and Medical Services.
Community participation in disaster management
will boost the morale of the affected people.
• The Human Resources Development wing should
encourage to involve them actively in disaster
relief and reconstruction work.
• In India the prominent NGOs include: Helpage
India,Rapid Response,Sakal Relief Fund,Care
India,Smile Foundation etc.
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 Role of NGOs, Self Help Groups in
Disaster Management
• Disaster response and mitigation is a very important role of such
NGOs. It is only through the proper set-up of systems that
coordination can be simplified and the disaster can be mitigated to a
great extent.
• The response of NGOs in case of a disaster in terms of food relief,
medical aid, shelter, and counselling plays a crucial part in resilience
building and saving lives.
• The NGO networking helps create a quick response in case disaster
hits.
• Providing relief to families, education to kids, and other forms of aid
post-disaster is equally important and beneficial to the general
populous.
• Setting up mock drills and other mitigation measures surely reduces
the impact of the disaster.
• National Institute of Amateur Radio (NIAR) established
HAM Radio Network along east coast belt
• NIAR actively participates in major events of Melas,
Pushkars, Rallies etc.
• These activities earned the good name and confidence
from the public and government for selfless service in
the hour of need. Presently this system is being linked
through satellite communication and works efficiently
except during solar flares and magnetic storms.

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 Role of Red Cross in Disaster
Management
• Jean-Henry Dunant, a swiss humanitarian established
the Red Cross in June 1859
• The Indian Red Cross Society has its Head Quarters in
Delhi and each State has its branches.
• The President of India is President of National Society
and Governors of each State is the president of that
State branch.
• District Magistrate/District Collector is the president of
the District Red Cross.
• The membership of a district Red Cross may vary from
5 to 25 thousand, however 10% of these members
regarded as Active in times of crisis.

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• Red Cross pays visit and enquires about the welfare of
prisoners in war camps and provide relief supplies, mail
letters and information to their relatives.
• The League of Red Cross Societies has a Secretariat in
Geneva, which helps to provide relief in natural
disasters and also helps in the development of National
Red Cross Societies.
• The World-wide structure of the International Red
Cross consists of International Committee of the Red
Cross, the League of Red Cross Societies and National
Red Cross Societies.

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 The main activities of Red Cross
• First Aid, Blood Banks, Medical Clinics,
meternal and Child Welfare Centres, Accident
Prevention, Water safety.

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 Benefits of Involvement of Red Cross in
Natural Disasters
• Red Cross motivates the voluntary workers for manual labour in times of crisis,
provides skill workers (like doctors, nurses etc).
• It provides food, blankets, clothing, emergency shelters, medicines, blood supplies,
first aid, life saving drugs and procedures, transportation, counselling the affected
people to boost their morale, cooking and distribution, rehabilitation and
reconstruction of housing colonies.
• The other advantages of Red Cross involvement in natural disaster management is
that it has country wide membership, high credibility in general public, it can get
relief help from all the countries through the League of Red Cross Societies.
• It has large network of blood banks and voluntary blood donors.
• National Red Cross has always been in the forefront in rendering help to the
effected in times of natural calamities.
• International community prefers giving its voluntary aid to Red Cross agencies for
distribution to the effected people.
• Red Cross has universal recognition for identification and deployment in disaster
relief work.

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The Role of Defence and other Services in
Disaster Management

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 Role of Air Force in Disaster
Management
• An aerial survey for disaster assessment or visual
and photographic reconnaissance
• Air landing or dropping of relief supplies (food,
water etc.), personal and task teams
• Aerial evacuation of marooned people or
entrapped in fire in multi storied building
• To supplement long distance communication
facilities
• Air lift of relief material and personnel to the
nearest Air-HQ

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• IAF helicopters are capable of performing many
roles, tasks, relief and mercy missions.
• IAF is most useful to rescue people trapped in
snowclad Himalayan heights, trapped people in a
cable car, fire in sky scrapers (multi storied
buildings) flood marooned people, earthquake
victims who are totally cut-off from rest of the
world.
• IAF has light helicopters (Chetak) medium lift
MI-8, MI-17 and high lift MI-26 helicopters

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 Role of Medical and Health Department
in
Cyclone Disaster Management
• First Aid to the injured
• Treatment to the causalities
• Postmortem (autopsies), burial/creamation of the dead,
• Disposal of dead livestock
• Providing medical facilities (treatment to the injured, ailing
and shifting to the medical camps if required)
• Maintaining the records of the dead people in the disaster
• Providing safe drinking water, (chlorinated or bleached
water)
• Disinfection of the polluted surroundings (with phenyl,
lime/bleaching powder)

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Role of Medical and Health Department in
Cyclone Disaster Management

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 Role of Medical and Health Department in
Cyclone Disaster Management
• The responsibilities of Divisional Officer of
Medical and Health services are
• Daily inspection of cyclone affected areas,
coordinate with other Divisional cyclone, flood
control officers particularly Revenue and Police,
procure boats, motor launches, pump sets for
bailing out of stagnant water, collect daily reports
from PHCs, regulation of relief activities at PHC
level including diversion of vehicles and
manpower where required.

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Role of Medical and Health Department in
Cyclone Disaster Management
• At PHC Level:
• The responsibility of Medical Officer (Family Welfare)
to supervise and organise the work.
• Medical officer (Regular) with the help of Health
supervisor, should visit and survey at least half the area
covered by PHC and the other half to be covered by
Medical Officer (child health welfare) with the help of
Block Extension Educator.
• Field level assistance would be provided by
multipurpose health supervisor,multipurpose worker,
village health guide and voluntary organisations

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Role of Medical and Health Department in
Cyclone Disaster Management
• Post Cyclone activities
• After stabilization and rehabilitation work, Medical and Health Department
should continue its work for a prescribed number of days independently.
• District Health Educator should provide field publicity and Health
education through mass media.
• He should tour the affected areas and address the people with film
projections, pamphlets on hygiene and personal health care against
water borne diseases and the likely epidemics.
• Pasting of door slips may also be undertaken.
• At PHC level and Divisional level the activities performed during the
cyclone period would be continued for specific period.
• At village level Public Health Services are continued.
• Village level health workers should undertake antimalarial operations

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National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

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 (NDRF)
• At present NDRF has eight battalions, of which
seven are located at Guwahati, Kolkata,
undali(Bhubaneshwar),Arakonam(Chennai),
Talegoan (Pune), Gandhinagar (Gujarat) and
Chandigarh
• The personnel are specially trained in (i) collapsed
structure search and rescue, (ii) water rescue and
diving, iii)Medical First Response, (iv) Heli-
slithering (Helicopter based resene operations) (v)
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear
(CBRN).

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 (NDRF)
• All the eight battalions are equipped and trained for all natural
disasters.
• Four of these battalions are specially trained for
CBRN(Chemical,Biological ,Radiological Nuclear) emergencies.
• NDRF is to be trained to meet the above situation at BARC
(BhabaAtomic Research Centre), Mumbai, DRDE (DefenceResearch
Development Establishment), Gwalior, and CME (College of
Military Engineering), Pune.
• NDRF is a multidisciplinary, multi-skilled, hi-tech force for all types
of disasters capable of insertion by land, air and sea.
• The NDRF personnel are being trained for heli-insertion in impact
areas with the help of IAF

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 (NDRF)
• For the success of both natural and man-made
disaster mitigation, response it is necessary to
provide on the similar lines of NDRF training and
equip agencies like Police, Civil Defence, Home
guards, Fire Services and youth organisations like
• NCC, NSS, NYKS to play complementary role as
force multiplier in Disaster Response towards
building disaster resilence in the country.

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 Role of Remote Sensing in Disaster
Management
• The process of observing an object with the aid of
electromagnetic spectra (band of radiation
wavelengths) that human eye cannot see may be
called remote sensing.
• In meteorology this term is used for observing
meteorological parameters with radiometers on
board satellites.
• Thus remote sensing is the measurement of
returned or back radiation from the earth
atmosphere system (which is achieved by
radiometers).

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 Role of Remote Sensing in Disaster
Management
• Satellite remote sensing of severe natural events
aid in detecting, tracking of the phenomena and
lends support in disaster management
• Satellite based data are useful in:
• (i) Detection of severe events,
• (ii) Earth observation,
• (iii) Delivery of warnings directly to the people of
the affected area,
• (iv) Data relay and communication capabilities.

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 Role of Remote Sensing in Disaster
Management
• Satellite imageries are useful in detection and monitoring of cyclones over
seas particularly when they are beyond the range of radars of coastal areas.
• The imageries are useful in detection of cyclone Eye, wall cloud region,
line squalls,
• estimating cloud-top temperatures, cloud motion winds (CMW), vertical
temperature profiles (VTPR), humidity profiles, sea surface temperature
(SST), Tropical easterly jet (TEJ).
• Satellite imageries are received either from polar orbiting satellite or
geostationary satellites.
• Earth resources satellites such as IRS, LANDSAT, NOAA, GOES, INSAT,
KALPANA-l are used for infering ground features cyclone impact on
coastal areas.
• Thermal measurement data are used for detection of flood inundation.
• OLR (outgoing long wave radiation) data may be used for detect heavy to
very heavy rainfall zones.
• Thus satellite data is useful in flood mapping, flood monitoring, cyclone
impact on coastal areas and hence useful in cyclone, flood mitigation work.
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Role of Broadcast, Educational Media in
Disaster Management
• Media plays an important role in disaster management
particularly in preparedness, warning and mitigation
• All India Radio (AIR) and Doordarshan (DD) are the
main National Broad casting system of Government of
India and these media is responsible for immediate
broadcasting of official warnings,dos and don'ts in any
emergency situations
• Though Government responds to the ill effects of
natural disasters but in many cases the urgency of relief
requirement is brought to the notice of the Government
and NGOs by media broadcast, news publication during
or just after the calamity

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Role of Broadcast, Educational Media in
Disaster Management
• The Director General of Information and Broadcasting and Public
Relations Officer should arrange natural hazard programmes in
connection with the celebrations of Science Day, World Water Day,
World Health Day, World, Meteorological Day etc
• These occasions may be used to broadcast on AIR, TV channels
relating to natural hazards particularly about Cyclones, Earthquakes,
Floods, Droughts, Tsunamis, Avalanches, landslides, Heatwaves,
Coldwaves, Local Severe Thunderstorms, Tornadoes etc., to focus
the attention of the people about the hazards associated with these
events and make them aware how to face them or prevent their ill
effects.
• Expert Meteorologists, Hydrologists, Seismologists and other
reputed scientists, teachers be invited to deliver talks on natural
disasters and the same may be published/propagated through
newspapers, Radio, T.V broadcasts to educate the people on the lines
of propagation / publicity of Family planning, Adult Education,
AIDS, Polio eradication etc.
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Role of Broadcast, Educational Media in
Disaster Management
• Posters depicting natural hazards and the precautions to
be taken by the affected people be exhibited at
prominent places like Railway/Bus stations, Airports,
Market yards, Cinema houses, large play grounds,
schools. colleges, libraries, stadiums, Highways etc.
• Publicity department should make films on natural
disasters and arrange film shows through voluntary
organizations, educational institutions.
• Distribute the hand outs of Dos and Dont's during
natural disasters.
• Education department should encourage the teachers for
conducting essay writing competitions, and teachers be
encouraged to become local Disaster Management
committee members.
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 Role of AIR
• It is the primary responsibility of AIR to receive warning messages
from IMD and broadcast them immediately in the local language.
• AIR should obtain the latest warning bulletins and broadcast them
every 15 to 30 minutes interrupting in normal broadcast.
• This should continue till de warning is issued (in case of cyclone).
• During disaster phase AIR should broadcast evacuation messages in
local language issued by the District Collector of the concerned area.
• Warning messages should not be broadcast soon after de warning
issued.
• Similarly old warning messages should not be broadcast. Efforts be
made to obtain latest warnings from IMD and broadcast it, otherwise
the credibility of forecast may be lost.
• It will be more effective if the latest warning are directly broadcast
through mouth of local in charge or Duty Officer of IMD in the local
language or which may be followed by translation in local language.

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 Role of DoorDarshan
• DD is the Government of India's National TV broadcasting organisation. It
operates on similar lines of AIR.
• During emergency situations like cyclones, floods IMD warning bulletins
be telecast as news bulletins.
• DD instructed to broadcast official emergency bulletin news and pictures at
anytime of day or night. Where possible DD arrange to take snapshots of
actual emergency situations and project them in telecast.
• Due importance be given to telecast the authoritative warnings directly
from the mouth of local IMD officer in charge or Duty Officer and not the
political leaders and research institute staff who have no responsibility
except projecting individuals.
• It has been the past experience that in emergency situations such individual
projections cause more harm than benefit.
• Under preparedness plan both AIR and DD should invite experience IMD
officers (serving or retired) to deliver talks on severe weather events with
appropriate past data and pictures