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Procedures and Functions

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Anaïs Ernestine
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Procedures and Functions

Uploaded by

Anaïs Ernestine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

4 Program Modules
• This refers to a modular program design
• Subroutines: self-contained section of code, performing a specific task; part
of the main program

Subroutine / Module

Procedure Function

• Procedures: performs a specific task, no value returned to part of code where


called

• Functions: performs a specific task, returns a value to part of code where


called

Benefits of Procedures and Functions:


• Lines of code can be re-used; don’t have to be repeated
• Can be tested/improved independently of program
• Easy to share procedures/functions with other programs
• Create routines that can be called like built-in command
Procedure
Procedure: subroutine that performs a specific task may return no value or one
value or many values
• Procedure without parameters:
PROCEDURE procedure name ( parameter )
<statement(s)>
END PROCEDURE
SUB Procedure Name ( )
statement(s)
END SUB
• When a procedure has a parameter, the procedure can either pass it by either
reference or value
• Pass by value: data copied into procedure so variable not changed outside
procedure
PROCEDURE Procedure Name (BYVALUE <parameters>: <datatype>)
<statement(s)>
ENDPROCEDURE

SUB Area ( ByVal Length : Integer , ByVal width : Integer )


Area = Length * Width
END SUB

• Pass by reference: link to variable provided so variable changed after going


through procedure
PROCEDURE Procedure Name (BYREF <param>: <datatype>)
<statement(s)>
ENDPROCEDURE

Example

SUB AreaRectangle (BYRef Area: integer, ByVal Length: Integer, By Val


width : Integer )
Area = Length * Width
END SUB

• Calling a procedure:
CALL Procedure Name (Parameters)
Example
CALL Area Rectangle (Area, Length, width)

3.7 Function subroutine that performs a specific task and returns a single
value by its Function Name.

FUNCTION Function Name (BYval <parameter>: <data type> ) as Datatype

RETURNS result
<statement(s)>

END FUNCTION
In pseudocode, a function definition is written as:

FUNCTION <functionIdentifier> RETURNS <dataType> // function header

<statement(s)> // function body

RETURN <value>

ENDFUNCTION

Example 1
Function area (ByVal L As Integer) As Integer

Area = L * L

End Function

Calling the Function


Area(L)
Example 2
Module Module1
Dim l, w As Integer
Dim a As Double

Function area(ByVal x As Integer, ByVal y As Integer) As Double

area = x * y
'Return a

End Function

Sub Main()
Console.Write("Enter lenght ")
l = Console.ReadLine

Console.Write("Enter width ")


w = Console.ReadLine
Console.WriteLine("Area = " & area(l, w))

Console.ReadLine()

End Sub

End Module

Example 3
Module Module1
Dim l, w As Integer
Dim a As Double

Sub area(ByRef x As Integer, ByRef y As Integer, ByRef a As Double)


x = l + 2
y = w + 3
Console.WriteLine("inside x = " & x)
Console.WriteLine("inside y = " & y)
a = x * y

End Sub

Sub Main()
Console.Write("Enter lenght ")
l = Console.ReadLine

Console.Write("Enter width ")


w = Console.ReadLine
Call area(l, w, a)
Console.WriteLine("After l = " & l)
Console.WriteLine("After w = " & w)
Console.WriteLine("Area = " & a)
Console.ReadLine()

End Sub

End Module

Function a(ByVal l As Integer) As Integer

a=l*l

End Function

Sub Main()

Dim l As Integer

l=4

Console.WriteLine(" Area = " & a(l))

Console.ReadLine()

End Sub

Area of Rectangle using Procedure and Functions


Module Module1

Dim l, w As Integer
Dim a As Double

Sub areaPro(ByVal l As Integer, ByVal w As Integer, ByRef a As Integer)

' Dim a As Integer


a = l * w

End Sub

Function areaFunc(ByVal l As Integer, ByVal w As Integer) As Double

Return l * w

End Function
Sub Main()

Console.Write("Enter lenght ")


l = Console.ReadLine

Console.Write("Enter width ")


w = Console.ReadLine
a = 0

Call areaPro(l, w, a)

Console.WriteLine("using procedure Area = " & a)


Console.WriteLine("using Function Area = " & areaFunc(l, w))
Console.ReadLine()

End Sub

End Module

Volume of cuboid using Procedure and Functions


Module Module1
Dim l, w, H As Integer
Dim a As Double

Sub areaPro(ByVal l As Integer, ByVal w As Integer, ByRef a As Integer)


a = l * w
End Sub

Function areaFunc(ByVal l As Integer, ByVal w As Integer) As Double


Return l * w
End Function

Sub Main()
Console.Write("Enter lenght ")
l = Console.ReadLine

Console.Write("Enter width ")


w = Console.ReadLine

Console.Write("Enter Height ")


H = Console.ReadLine
a = 0
Call areaPro(l, w, a)
Console.WriteLine("using procedure VOLUME = " & a * H)
Console.WriteLine("using Function VOLUME = " & areaFunc(l, w) * H)
Console.ReadLine()

End Sub

End Module
ALTERNATIVE
Module Module1
Dim l, w, H As Integer
Dim V As Double

Sub VOLPro(ByVal l As Integer, ByVal w As Integer, ByVal H As Integer, ByRef V As


Integer)
V = l * w * H
End Sub

Function VOLFunc(ByVal l As Integer, ByVal w As Integer, ByVal H As Integer) As


Double
Return l * w * H
End Function

Sub Main()
Console.Write("Enter lenght ")
l = Console.ReadLine

Console.Write("Enter width ")


w = Console.ReadLine

Console.Write("Enter Height ")


H = Console.ReadLine
V = 0
Call VOLPro(l, w, H, V)
Console.WriteLine("using procedure VOLUME = " & V)
Console.WriteLine("using Function VOLUME = " & VOLFunc(l, w, H))
Console.ReadLine()

End Sub

End Module

Module Module1

Sub volume(ByVal l As Integer, ByVal w As Integer, ByVal h As Integer, ByRef v As


Integer)

v=l*w*h

End Sub

Function vol(ByVal l As Integer, ByVal w As Integer, ByVal h As Integer) As Integer


Return l * w * h

End Function

Sub Main()

Dim l, w, h, v As Integer

l=1

w=2

h=3

v=0

Call volume(l, w, h, v)

Console.WriteLine(" Volume using procedure = " & v)

Console.WriteLine(" Volume using function = " & vol(l, w, h))

Console.ReadLine()

End Sub

End Module

Module Module1

Sub Main()
Dim text, REVERSE, surname, othername As String
Dim x, pos As Integer

Console.WriteLine("Enter a text ")


text = Console.ReadLine

x = Len(text)

For i = 1 To x
If Mid(text, i, 1) = " " Then
pos = i
End If

Next

surname = Left(text, pos - 1)


othername = Right(text, x - pos)
Console.WriteLine("surname = " & surname)
Console.WriteLine("othername = " & othername)
Console.ReadLine()

End Sub

End Module

Module Module1
Dim num1 As Integer
Dim num2 As Integer
Dim answer As Integer
Sub input_sub()
Console.Clear()
Console.WriteLine("Enter number 1")
num1 = Console.ReadLine
Console.WriteLine("Enter number 2")
num2 = Console.ReadLine
End Sub
Sub Calculation()
answer = num1 * num2
End Sub
Sub output_sub()
Console.Write("the product of " & num1 & " and " & num2 & " is ")
Console.WriteLine(answer)
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
Sub Main()
input_sub()
Calculation()
output_sub()
End Sub

End Module
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