MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE
[Autonomous]
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Accredited by NBA
Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25,
Rasipuram, Namakkal Dt. – 637408

A MANUAL
For
PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

1
S.NO CONTENT PAGE NO
1. GENERAL 3

NUMBER OF COPIES TO BE SUBMITTED FOR

2. 3
EVALUATION

3. SIZE OF REPORT/THESIS 3

4. ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS OF REPORT/THESIS 3

5. PAGE DIMENSIONS AND MARGIN 3

6. PREPARATION FORMAT 4

7. TYPING INSTRUCTION 6

8. APPENDIX 1 8

9. APPENDIX 2 10

10. APPENDIX 3 11

11. APPENDIX 4 12,13

12. APPENDIX 5 14

13. APPENDIX 6 15
14. APPENDIX 7 16

2
 FORMAT FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT for

B.E./B.TECH.

1. GENERAL:

The manual is intended to provide broad guidelines to the B.E. Candidates in the
preparation of the project report. In general, the project report shall report, in an organized and
scholarly fashion an account of original research work of the candidate leading to the discovery of
new facts or techniques or correlation of facts ready known (analytical, experiments, hardware
oriented etc.)

2. NUMBER OF COPIES TO BE SUBMITTED:

B.E./B.Tech. Students should submit five copies to the Head of the Department concerned
on or before the specified date. The Head of the Department shall send
i. One copy to the office of Controller of Examinations.
ii. One copy to the Department library.
iii. One copy to the Main library.
iv. One copy to the supervisor and
v. One copy to the student concerned.

3. SIZE OF PROJECT REPORT:

The size of project report should not exceed 60 pages of typed matter reckoned from the
first page of chapter 1 to the last page.

4. ARRANGEMENT OFCONTENTS:

The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and bound
should be as follows:
1. Cover Page & Title Page
2. Bonafide Certificate
3. Abstract
4. Acknowledgement
5. Table of Contents
6. List of Tables
6. List of Figures
8. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
9. Chapters
10. Appendices
11. References

The table and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

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5. PAGE DIMENSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS:

The dimensions of the report/thesis should be 290mmx205mm.Standard A4 size

(297mmx210mm) paper may be used for preparing the copies. The Report (at the time of
submission) should have the following page margins:

Top edge : 35 mm
Right
Bottom side
edge : 30 mm
25 mm
Left side : 40 mm
Right 25 mm

The report/thesis should be prepared on good quality white paper preferably not
lower than 80gsm.
Tables and figures should conform to the margin specifications. Large size figures
should be photographically or otherwise reduced to the appropriate size before insertion.
The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size. The project report should be bound
using flexible cover of the thick white art paper. The cover should be printed in black
letters and the text for printing should be identical.

6. PREPARATION FORMAT:

6.1 Cover Page & Title Page - A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page of the
project report are given in Appendix 1.

6.2 Bonafide Certificate – The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using
Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14, as per the format in Appendix 2.

The certificate shall carry the supervisor’s signature and shall be followed by the
supervisor’s Name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of administrative nature),
department and full address of the institution where the supervisor has guided the student. The
term ‘SUPERVISOR’ must be typed in capital letters between the supervisor’s name and
academic designation.

6.3 Abstract – Abstract should be one page synopsis of the project report typed double line
spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size14.

6.4 Table of Contents–The table of contents should is tall material following it as well as any
material which precedes it. The title page and Bonafide Certificate will not find a place among the
items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers of which are in lower case Roman
letters. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. A specimen
copy of the Table of Contents of the project report is given in Appendix 3.

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 6.5 List of Tables –The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above the
tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.

6.6 List of Figures –The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below the
figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.

6.7 List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature – One and a half spacing should be
adopted or typing the matter under this head. Standard symbols, abbreviations etc. Should be used.

6.8 Chapters – The chapters may be broadly divided into 4 parts (i) Introductory chapter, (ii)
Existing work (iii) Chapters developing the main theme of the project work (iv) Results and
Discussion (v) Conclusion.

The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further
divided into several divisions and sub-divisions.
Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.
Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of the reference where
they are cited. Foot notes should be used sparingly. They should be typed single space and placed
directly underneath in the very same page, which refers to the material they annotate.
6.9 Appendices – Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which is
included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme.
 Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1,
Appendix 2, etc.
 Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be numbered
and referred to as appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.
 Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be
made in the contents page also.
6.10 List of References – The listing of references should be typed 4 spaces below the heading
“REFERENCES” in alphabetical order in single spacing left – justified. The reference material
should be listed in the alphabetical order of the first author. The name of the author/authors should
be immediately followed by the year and other details.

A typical illustrative list given below relates to the citation example quoted above.

REFERENCES
[1] Ariponnammal S. and Natarajan S. (1994), ‘Transport Phonomena of Sm Se1-x
Asx’,Pramana–Journal of Physics, Vol. 42, No.5, pp.421-425.
[2] Barnard R.W.and KelloggC.(1980)‘Applications of Convolution operators to Problems in
univalent function theory’, Michigan Mach.Journal,Vol.27, pp.1-94.3.
[3] Jankins G.M. and Walts D.G. (1968),‘Spectral Analysis and its Applications',
Holder Day, Sanfrancisco.
[4] Shin K.G. and Mckay N.D. (1984), ‘Open loop minimum time control of mechanical
manipulations and its applications’, Proc. Amer. Contr. Conf., San Diego, CA, pp.1231-1236.

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6.10.1 Table and figures

By the word Table, is meant tabulated numerical data in the body of the project report as
well as in the appendices. All other non-verbal materials used in the body of the project work and
appendices such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may be designated as figures.
 Figures should have no frames and borders.
 In the main text, where reference the figures, use Fig. followed by a space and the
figure number, e.g., Fig. 1.
 The digital format JPEG, PNG, TIFF are acceptable.
 Figures should be in the original version, should not be stretched or distorted.
 Do not use Photoshop or such software to change the color or appearance of figures.

6.10.2. Equation Display style

 Equations in display format are separated from the paragraphs of text.

 Equations should be flushed to the left margin of the column.
 Equations should be editable.
 Equations should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numbers. See Eq. 1 for
an example. The number should be right aligned.
(1)

6.10.3. Citations

The author-year format of the citation must be used for the citations in the main text is
numerals, e.g., [1].

7. TYPING INSTRUCTION

The impression on the typed copies should be black in colour. One and half spacing should
be used for typing the general text. The general text shall be typed in the Front style ‘Times New
Roman’ and Font size 14. The word CHAPTER without punctuation should be centered 50mm
down from the top of the page. Two spaces below, the title of the chapter should be typed
centrally in capital letters. The text should commence 4 spaces below this title, the first letter of
the text starting 20 mm, inside from the left hand margin.

*****

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7
 APPENDIX 1
(A typical Specimen of Cover Page & Title Page)
<Font Style Times New Roman–Bold>

TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT

<Font Size18><1.5line spacing>

A PROJECT REPORT
<Font Size14>

Submitted by
<Font Size14><Italic>

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S)

<Font Size16>

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

<Font Size14><1.5line spacing><Italic>

NAME OF THE DEGREE

<Font Size14>

IN

BRANCH OF STUDY
<Font Size14>

NAME OF THE COLLEGE

<FontSize16><1.5linespacing>
MONTH& YEAR
<FontSize14>

8
 PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL
FROM CASSAVA STEM

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

S.ANITHA
A.JEEVITHA

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

[An Autonomous Institution]
RASIPURAM

JUNE 2020

9
APPENDIX 2
(A typical specimen of Bonafide Certificate)
<Font Style Times NewRoman>

MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

<Font Style Times New Roman–size-18>
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
<Font Style Times New Roman–size-16>

<Font Style Times New Roman–size-14>

Certified that this project report “……….TITLE OF THE

PROJECT……………..” is the bonafide work of “…………..NAME OF THE

CANDIDATE(S).…………” who carried out the mini project work under my

supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr. U. SARAVANAKUMAR M.E., Ph.D., Dr. R. PRAVEENA M.E, Ph.D.,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

PROFESSOR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
Department of ECE Department of ECE
Muthayammal Engineering College Muthayammal Engineering College
Rasipuram, Rasipuram,
Namakkal-637 408. Namakkal-637 408.

Submitted to the Viva voce Examination held on _____________________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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APPENDIX 3 (A typical specimen of table of contents)
<Font Style Times New Roman>

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost we thank the almighty, the greatest Electronics and Communication Engineers of
the universe for giving us such a speculate years.

This is the time to express foremost thanks and gratitude to the honorable Shri. R. KANDASAMY,
Chairman of Muthayammal Educational Trust and Research Foundation for providing the excellent
infrastructure to carry out this project.

We wish to express our heartfelt gratitude and hearted thanks to our Secretary
Dr. K. GUNASEKARAN, M.E., Ph.D., F.I.E, Muthayammal Educational Trust and Research
Foundation, for the motivation, esteemed co-operation and encouragement throughout this work.

We express our sincere thanks and profound gratitude to the principal Dr. M. MADHESWARAN.
M.E., Ph.D., MBA, Muthayammal Engineering College, for granting permission to undertake this
project.

We have immense pleasure in expressing our sincere gratitude to our Dean of Product and
Consultancy Dr. B. GOPI M.E., Ph.D., for his meticulous guidance which was an inspiration to us.

Perhaps our deepest thanks goes to Dr. U. SARAVANAKUMAR M.E., Ph.D., Head of the
Department, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, for his stimulating
comments, which helped us in bringing things in our way.

We also express gratitude and heart full thanks to our project coordinator Dr.R. PRAVEENA M.E.,
Ph.D., Assistant professor, who has motivated us in the completion of the project.

We are very thankful to Dr.R. PRAVEENA M.E., Ph.D., Supervisor, our project guide, who has
constantly motivated and inspired us in rending to completion of the project. We also express our
greatfulness to our parents, our faculty members and friends for their affectionate blessings and
loving co-operation at all stages of this academic venture.

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APPENDIX 4 (A typical specimen of table of contents)
<Font Style Times New Roman>

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page
Number Number
Abstract iii
List of Table iv
List of Figures v
List of Symbols and Abbreviations vi
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 NEED OF ETHANOL
1.1.1 Applications
1.1.2 Advantages
1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH
IMPLICATION OF ETHANOL
1.3 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL
1.4 GLOBAL CASSAVA PRODUCTION
1.5 CASSAVA PLANT AND NEED FOR
ETHANOL PRODUCTION
1.6. CASSAVA STEM
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3 EXISTING SYSTEM
4 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.1 BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION

4.1.1 Estimation of moisture and total solids

4.1.2 Estimation of ash content

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 4.1.3 Estimation of total soluble sugar
4.1.4 Estimation of starch
4.1.5 Estimation of total protein and nitrogen content
4.1.6 Estimation of cellulose content
4.1.7 Estimation of hollocellulose and hemicellulose
4.1.8 Estimation of lignin content
4.1.9 Estimation of pectin content
4.1.10 Estimation of lipid content
4.1.11 Estimation of crude fiber
4.2 OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION MEDIUM
USING ONE FACTOR AT A TIME METHOD
4.2.1 Medium components
4.2.2 Microorganism and culture condition
4.2.3 Effect of carbon sources
4.2.4 Effect of nitrogen sources
4.2.5 Effect of minerals
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
5.1 BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION
5.2 OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION MEDIUM
USING ONE-FACTOR-AT-A-TIME METHOD
5.2.1 Effect of carbon source
5.2.2 Effect of nitrogen sources
5.2.3 Effect of minerals
5 CONCL

USION

REFERE

13
NCES

APPEND

ICES

Annexure

Annexure

II

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APPENDIX – 5 (A typical Sample of List of Tables)

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

NUMBER
4.1 Biochemical characterization of YTP1 and H740/92

4.2 Optimization of production medium for one factor at a

time
APPENDIX – 6 (A typical Sample of List of Figures)

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

NUMBER
4.1 Biochemical characterization of YTP1 and H740/92

4.2 Optimization of production medium for one factor at a

time
APPENDIX – 7: (A typical Sample of List of Symbols and Abbreviations)

ABBREVIATIONS

BSA Bovine serum albumin

FCR Folin-Ciocalteu’s Phenol Reagent
g Gram
g/l Gram/ Litre
mg Milligram
wt Weight
µl Microlitre
ml Millilitre
hr Hour
min Minutes
rpm Rotation per minutes
nm Nanometer
% Percentage