IJARCCE ISSN (O) 2278-1021, ISSN (P) 2319-5940
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
Impact Factor 8.102Peer-reviewed & Refereed journalVol. 13, Issue 4, April 2024
DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2024.134162
SMART TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLES
Sandeep Kumar Pradhan1, Uday Kumar A2, B Sri Sharan3, Vinod V4,
Prof. Bharathy Vijayan5
Computer Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, India1-4
Asst Professor Dept of CS&E, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, India5
Abstract: In today's cities, effective traffic management systems play an important role in ensuring traffic balance and
reducing congestion at intersections. This article presents a new hardware-based traffic management system (STMS)
designed to adjust traffic signals in response to oncoming traffic. STMS leverages advances in Internet of Things (IoT)
technology to integrate sensor networks and control systems into critical interfaces to achieve real-time monitoring and
signal updates.
The main function of STMS is the ability to adjust the set time according to the proximity of the vehicle. When the vehicle
approaches the signal, sensors detect their presence and send this information to the central control. The system then uses
advanced algorithms to intelligently prioritize oncoming traffic by turning the traffic light green, thus encouraging traffic
flow and reducing the potential for collisions.
In fact, STMS uses a responsive approach to signal control, ensuring that the signal returns to normal operation after the
vehicle has passed through the intersection. This ensures a fair distribution of green time in transit and prevents
unnecessary disruption of all traffic. STMS seamlessly integrates with the existing transport system, providing the best
solution for efficient signal operation and improving overall operation.
The use of STMS represents a significant advance in traffic management, providing large-scale and flexible solutions for
different types of urban environments. In addition to the direct benefits of easing traffic, STMS should improve road
safety, reduce travel times and reduce environmental impact by reducing traffic-related vehicle emissions. As cities
continue to experience urban growth and traffic congestion, innovative solutions such as STMS will play a key role in
shaping the future of transportation in the city and beyond.
Keywords: Traffic management, IoT, Smart cities, Emergency vehicle prioritization, Traffic signal control, Proximity
sensors, Adaptive signal timing, Urban mobility, Vehicle detection, Intersection management.
I. INTRODUCTION
Intelligent traffic management for emergency vehicles using IoT and mobile applications is an initiative that aims to change
the landscape of the urban emergency vehicles environment. In today's crowded cities, emergency vehicles often face
serious problems trying to navigate heavy traffic to reach their destination quickly. The program aims to overcome these
challenges by using Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the potential of mobile devices to improve the efficiency and
safety of emergency operations.
Traffic in the city has a huge impact on emergency traffic. The arrival time of emergency vehicles can be dangerous for
critical incidents to occur. Recognizing the urgent need for new solutions, the project integrates IoT devices, including
sensors and communication modules, into existing transportation systems. These IoT devices can monitor and control
traffic signals, prioritizing emergency vehicles based on their location and route. The system aims to clear the way for
emergency vehicles, reduce delays and improve response time by adjusting the specified time.
In addition, the project expands its resources through infrastructure reform by offering user-oriented mobile applications.
Needs of emergency operators and the public. The mobile app works as a multi-purpose tool, providing real-time updates
on the location of emergency vehicles so other drivers can get out of the way. Additionally, the app allows emergency
drivers to improve their driving by contacting traffic control, requesting priority access, and receiving approach
recommendations.
© IJARCCE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 1101
IJARCCE ISSN (O) 2278-1021, ISSN (P) 2319-5940
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
Impact Factor 8.102Peer-reviewed & Refereed journalVol. 13, Issue 4, April 2024
DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2024.134162
The project aims to transform the coordination between emergency vehicles and traffic transport by combining IoT
technology with consumer mobile devices. Through integration and intelligent adaptation, the aim is to reduce the
difficulties caused by traffic in the city, ultimately speeding up emergency response times and reducing the risk of collisions
with high-speed vehicles. This introduction sets the stage for subsequent chapters to explore the program's goals, approach,
and desired outcomes.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Some Conclusions we got from the necessary references:
1.1 Best placement to prevent traffic accidents (2022):
This study on traffic safety investigates the best location of sensors to prevent traffic accidents. A wealth of data
demonstrates the important role of sensor placement in improving the efficiency and accuracy of crash detection systems.
Various studies have analyzed various technologies such as cameras, accelerometers, and radars to determine factors such
as coverage, repeatability, and usability. More importantly, we explored the best way to define the optimal placement
strategy, making important decisions such as widening and minimizing blind spots. Additionally, these findings are
translated into practical data by demonstrating measurements in a case study or simulation to ensure compliance and
effectiveness.
1.2 Emergence of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems (ATCS) in Smart Cities (2021):
The emergence of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems (ATCS) in the context of smart cities is causing concerns in the
research community. Very interesting. Traditionally, fixed-time control systems have proven inadequate in responding to
changing traffic patterns, especially in large cities like India. This article takes an in-depth look at new ATCS that combine
hardware and software to provide real-time traffic prediction through camera monitoring. Focusing on India's urban
landscape, this study shows how ATCS can adapt its lighting program to current needs, thereby reducing traffic
congestion, collisions and slowdowns. The study shows a significant improvement in urban transportation by an average
of 15-20% and demonstrates the advancement of smart technology to improve daily travel and transportation in the city.
1.3 Integrating IoT technology to achieve high-speed traffic management (2020):
In order to reduce traffic in cities, This research investigates the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in
cities. Create a smart Traffic management system. The proposed system focuses on RFID-tagged emergency vehicles that
control the creation of “green corridors” by activating lighting to facilitate traffic flow. The system leverages Arduino
technology and has shown great results in prototype testing, with future prospects such as cloud integration and mobile
app development. This research demonstrates the potential to save lives and improve urban mobility by integrating with
broader smart city plans and provides insight into the transformative power of IoT-enabled management solutions.
1.4 Revolutionizing Traffic Management Intelligent Transportation Systems (2021):
This article proposes a change in the use of intelligent transportation to solve the problem of road congestion. Unlike
traditional traffic management systems, this innovation is supported by real-time integration into their operations.
Through the use of advanced technology, including vehicle identification and classification, the system improves traffic
flow and facilitates passengers' journeys. More importantly, including emergency vehicle dispatch demonstrates a
commitment to safety and performance. By using traffic models such as Greenshield, Greenberg and Underwood
equations and combining them with computer vision data, this research provides useful results for urban transportation
problems, effectively starting a new era in the field of intelligent driving management.
1.5 Transforming urban transport through crisis management (2020):
As urban conditions continue to improve, the need for solutions Traffic management problems are getting worse. This
study presents a new traffic management approach that integrates emergency management with existing transportation
systems. The system aims to increase safety, reduce delays and improve traffic flow by managing intersections based on
real-time emergency data. While the simulations show promising results, the paper highlights the need for legal reforms,
public awareness campaigns, and real-life testing to achieve success. Although there are challenges in organizations,
business and business, these emergency management systems have the ability to transform urban mobility, protect lives
and improve protection during crisis.
© IJARCCE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 1102
IJARCCE ISSN (O) 2278-1021, ISSN (P) 2319-5940
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
Impact Factor 8.102Peer-reviewed & Refereed journalVol. 13, Issue 4, April 2024
DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2024.134162
III. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Equipment and equipment must be selected to ensure consistency and reliability in accordance with traffic management
for emergency vehicles. The core of this project is an LED light for guidance, an Arduino board and a Bluetooth module
for wireless communication. These components form the backbone of the central system, supporting real-time information,
processing and interaction with external devices.
Currently, the effectiveness of the system depends on the accuracy and reliability of various sensors, including GPS
modules for precise location tracking, accelerometers for monitoring vehicle speed, and Tilt detection sensor for detecting
dangerous situations. These sensors act as the eyes and ears of the system, providing important information for informed
decision-making and driving control.
Additionally, successful interaction for customers requires the development of intuitive software interfaces and graphical
user interfaces (GUIs). The system can provide seamless navigation and control using appropriate software and GUI design
tools, thus improving user experience and efficiency. Thanks to the careful integration of these devices and devices, smart
traffic management systems can adapt to emergency situations, increase response time and improve the safety of city
streets..
IV. METHODOLOGY
Figure 3.1 Block Diagram
In crafting a Smart Traffic Management System for Emergency Vehicles, our methodology serves as the compass guiding
us through each phase with precision and innovation. It all begins with Project Initiation, where we meticulously define
the project's scope, objectives, and deliverables.
With a comprehensive project plan in hand, we embark on a journey of exploration, diving deep into the vast sea of
existing literature in our Literature Review phase. Here, we gather insights from IoT-based traffic management systems,
emergency vehicle navigation strategies, and cutting-edge technologies, sculpting the blueprint for our system's design.
Next, we venture into the realm of Hardware Setup, assembling the essential components like ultrasonic sensors and
Bluetooth modules. Compatibility checks and meticulous connections on our prototyping board lay the groundwork for
seamless integration. With hardware in place, our focus shifts to Software Development, where we breathe life into our
system's intelligence. Armed with the Arduino IDE and a palette of libraries, we weave intricate algorithms for vehicle
density detection, emergency vehicle prioritization, and traffic signal communication, ensuring a symphony of
functionality.
© IJARCCE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 1103
IJARCCE ISSN (O) 2278-1021, ISSN (P) 2319-5940
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
Impact Factor 8.102Peer-reviewed & Refereed journalVol. 13, Issue 4, April 2024
DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2024.134162
Integration marks the crescendo of our efforts as we converge all components into a harmonious whole. Verifying
communication with IoT devices and traffic signals, we lay the foundation for seamless operation. But our journey doesn't
end there; Rigorous Testing and Debugging serve as our vigilant guardians, rooting out any anomalies and fortifying the
system's reliability. With each bug squashed and every connection fortified, our system emerges stronger and more
resilient.
As we tread further, Security and Control Implementation stand as our stalwart guardians, safeguarding the sanctity of
data and privacy. With access controls and authentication mechanisms in place, we ensure that our system stands as a
fortress against intrusions. Finally, the culmination of our labor arrives as we deploy our Smart Traffic Management
System into the real world, ushering in a new era of efficiency and safety on urban roadways. Through pilot deployments
and steadfast support, we ensure that our system evolves, adapts, and thrives, shaping the future of emergency vehicle
navigation through traffic with each passing moment.
3.1 Priority for Emergency vehicle Demo
Figure 3.2 Blind spot sensors
In the bustling arteries of urban traffic, the need for swift and unhindered passage of emergency vehicles is paramount.
Priority mechanisms for emergency vehicles within a Smart Traffic Management System are meticulously crafted to
ensure timely response to critical situations while upholding the safety of all road users.
At the heart of this priority system lies intelligent traffic signal control, dynamically adjusting signal timings to create
clear pathways for emergency vehicles. When an emergency vehicle approaches, sensors detect its presence and trigger
the system to prioritize its passage. Traffic signals seamlessly transition to green, orchestrating a smooth journey through
the urban maze.
Moreover, the integration of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication elevates this priority mechanism to new
heights. Emergency vehicles equipped with V2I capabilities can directly communicate with traffic signals, requesting
priority passage as they navigate through the city's arteries. This direct line of communication ensures not just priority,
but precision, minimizing delays and optimizing response times.
Beyond traffic signals, cooperative strategies emerge to further streamline the journey of emergency vehicles. Intersection
preemption technology enables traffic signals to preemptively clear intersections, allowing emergency vehicles to traverse
unimpeded. Roadway guidance systems provide real-time route optimization, guiding emergency vehicles along the
quickest and safest path to their destination.
© IJARCCE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 1104
IJARCCE ISSN (O) 2278-1021, ISSN (P) 2319-5940
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
Impact Factor 8.102Peer-reviewed & Refereed journalVol. 13, Issue 4, April 2024
DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2024.134162
In times of crisis, every second counts. The priority mechanisms woven into the fabric of a Smart Traffic Management
System stand as silent sentinels, ensuring that emergency vehicles navigate the urban landscape with speed, efficiency,
and above all, safety. Through seamless integration and intelligent coordination, these mechanisms serve as beacons of
hope, safeguarding lives and preserving the sanctity of every emergency response.
3.2 Lane Density Detection
Figure 1.3 Lane Density Detection
In the Smart Traffic Management System, the detection of varying lane densities plays a crucial role in orchestrating
efficient traffic flow. This is achieved through the implementation of ultrasonic sensors strategically positioned along the
roadway. These sensors emit ultrasonic waves that bounce off nearby objects, allowing for the measurement of distance
and thereby, the density of vehicles within each lane..
When one lane experiences a higher density of vehicles compared to others, the ultrasonic sensor installed in that lane
detects this congestion. The sensor relays this information to the central control system, which analyzes the data in real-
time. Upon identifying the congested lane, the system initiates a response to alleviate the traffic buildup..
One of the primary responses triggered by the system is the adjustment of traffic signals. In the scenario where one lane's
density exceeds a predefined threshold, the system dynamically alters the signal timing at the corresponding intersection.
By turning the signal green for the congested lane and potentially extending its duration, the system facilitates the smooth
movement of vehicles and reduces congestion
This adaptive approach to traffic signal control ensures that the Smart Traffic Management System responds dynamically
to changing traffic conditions in real-time. By prioritizing lanes based on their density, the system optimizes traffic flow,
minimizes delays, and enhances overall efficiency on the roadways. Through the seamless integration of ultrasonic sensors
and intelligent signal control, the system contributes to a safer, more fluid driving experience for all road users.
In the context of lane speed detection in intelligent traffic management systems, the use of ultrasonic sensors represents a
pioneering solution to alleviate congestion and optimize traffic. These sensors are placed on the road and constantly monitor
the distance between vehicles in each lane. Using this information, the system can measure lane speed in real time and
identify areas of congestion and congestion. When a lane exceeds the set speed, the system immediately resets and adjusts
the signal timing to reflect the priority of the affected lane. This approach not only reduces the number of accidents, but
also increases safety by reducing the risk of accidents and encouraging the movement of vehicles at the intersection. By
integrating ultrasonic sensors into the lane, the smart traffic management system demonstrates that it can intelligently adapt
and react to traffic changes, ultimately promoting better efficiency and robust urban mobility.
Lane density detection, facilitated by ultrasonic sensors, serves as a cornerstone in the Smart Traffic Management System's
quest for optimized traffic control. These sensors meticulously gauge the spacing between vehicles within each lane,
enabling the system to discern variations in traffic density with precision. By swiftly identifying congested lanes, the system
can dynamically adjust traffic signal timings to alleviate congestion and ensure smoother traffic flow. This proactive
intervention not only minimizes delays but also enhances safety by reducing the likelihood of gridlock and potential
accidents.
© IJARCCE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 1105
IJARCCE ISSN (O) 2278-1021, ISSN (P) 2319-5940
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
Impact Factor 8.102Peer-reviewed & Refereed journalVol. 13, Issue 4, April 2024
DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2024.134162
3.3 Simulation of Bluetooth Module
Figure 3.4 Bluetooth Module
In the simulated scenario involving the Bluetooth module HC-05 in the control of intelligent driving, its functions go
beyond voice communication to also include the important communication of emergency vehicles and traffic signs. When
the emergency vehicle reaches the traffic signal, the Bluetooth module HC-05 acts as a switch, enabling interaction
between the vehicle and the central control unit.
When an emergency vehicle is detected, the Bluetooth module HC-05 generates security and immediately connects to the
corresponding signal. This connection allows important information, including vehicle identity, current location and
important events, to be transmitted directly to the signal control system..
Once the signal receives this information, it adjusts its operation in response to the arrival of the emergency vehicle.
These changes will include preemptively clearing the intersection or extending the green light period for options for
emergency vehicles to ensure unimpeded traffic through the intersection.
In addition, the HC-05 Bluetooth module enables two-way communication and provides easy movement. The signal
provides immediate feedback to emergency vehicles. This feedback may include confirming the priority, acknowledging
the advice received, or notifying you of changes in traffic.
More importantly, tests together with the Bluetooth module HC-05 demonstrate its important role as a good pipeline.
Communication between emergency vehicles and traffic signals. The module, which seamlessly integrates voice
connection with data transmission capabilities, increases the safety and efficiency of urban traffic management by
providing a fast and coordinated response to emergencies.
3.4 Application Interface
Figure 3.5 Application Interface
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IJARCCE ISSN (O) 2278-1021, ISSN (P) 2319-5940
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
Impact Factor 8.102Peer-reviewed & Refereed journalVol. 13, Issue 4, April 2024
DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2024.134162
The API works as a dynamic hub for information and control in the intelligent vehicle management system, along with
real-time updates and important requests. Thanks to its design and user-friendly interface, the application allows
emergency drivers and traffic controllers to make quick and effective decisions.
The new feature of the application is the interactive map interface that provides bird information and a panoramic view
of the entire network. Users can check the locations of emergency vehicles and the status of signals at major intersections.
This visual representation improves situational awareness, allowing users to predict traffic situations and plan routes
accordingly.
Additionally, the app integrates predictive analytics using historical traffic data and machine learning algorithms to
predict future traffic patterns. By analyzing traffic conditions and congestion, the system can adjust the setup time and
arrange emergency vehicles in the most efficient way, reducing the minimum response time and ensuring better allocation
of resources.
In addition, the application supports collaboration and communication between stakeholders through messaging and
notification features. Emergency drivers can communicate directly with traffic controllers to provide status updates and
request assistance when needed. Similarly, traffic controllers can encourage coordination to ease crowding and ensure
compliance by issuing warnings and instructions to nearby drivers. Designed for emergency vehicles.
In general, application programming interfaces act as connections between data, control and information. Communication
in smart vehicle management. Its innovative features allow users to direct city traffic precisely and efficiently, improving
emergency response capabilities and promoting road safety for all stakeholders.
V. RESULT
Figure 4. 1 Result
Implementing traffic management for emergency vehicles using IoT has led to significant improvements, including
reducing response time to emergency services, increasing traffic, and improving the safety of city streets. By dynamically
adjusting the signal duration and proactively controlling lane speed, the system helps increase the vehicle's speed in
emergency situations while reducing traffic congestion and risks. In addition, the seamless communication and
coordination of participants demonstrates that it is effective in improving urban transportation and public safety by ensuring
efficient allocation of resources and coordination of emergency response.
© IJARCCE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 1107
IJARCCE ISSN (O) 2278-1021, ISSN (P) 2319-5940
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
Impact Factor 8.102Peer-reviewed & Refereed journalVol. 13, Issue 4, April 2024
DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2024.134162
VI. CONCLUSION
The success of traffic management for emergency vehicles using IoT technology has achieved great results in regulating
traffic, facilitating emergency response speed and improving road safety. Through careful analysis and testing, all aspects
of the system, from the LED signal lights to the trunking algorithm, have proven their effectiveness and reliability. Key
findings include the effectiveness of LED lights in indicating traffic and the accuracy of ultrasonic sensors in detecting
changes in lane speed, which is important to vehicle operation in emergency situations.
Looking ahead, future efforts aim to improve the efficiency of the process and expand it to be more effective. One way to
explore is to integrate GPS modules into emergency vehicles to assist quickly and develop a way to improve response time.
Additionally, the integration of machine learning algorithms should predict traffic patterns and update the program, thus
facilitating the improvement of traffic and accident management. Additionally, using intercept capabilities to adjust the
signal in response to approaching emergency vehicles can lead to high-speed emergencies.
The expansion of transmission to more cities, along with the improvement of the control system of the intersection, will
create a broader network to improve traffic efficiency and manage emergency vehicles throughout the region. Additionally,
the integration of cloud-based data storage, analysis, and remote monitoring can increase the efficiency and effectiveness
of the system. To complement this technology, public awareness campaigns will play an important role in educating drivers
and pedestrians about the importance of yielding to emergency vehicles and obeying traffic instructions.
The Intelligent Traffic Management system has the ability to address problems in these areas in the future and develop
solutions that not only increase the capacity to respond to emergencies but also help increase the city's overall traffic
management efficiency and safety.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank the University that provided the necessary resources “Dayananda Sagar University” for the
opportunities to make the study practical and accessible as desired.
We also thank professor “Bharathy Vijayan” and friends for their collaboration, discussions, and helpful suggestions
during a research conference and workshop where preliminary results of this study were presented. Their insights enrich
our understanding and inspire us to renew our ways.
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