MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by the candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, the examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate's answers and model answers.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of the examinerof the relevant answer based
on the candidate's understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on an equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced in the first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if the
students write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and
assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model answers.

Sub Mark
Q. No. Answer
Q. N. Scheme
1 Attempt any Five of the following 10 M
a Enlist any two sources of surface and subsurface water. 2M
Surface Sources 1 M for
1. Rivers subsurfa
2. Lakes ce 1M
3. Ponds for
4. Streams surface
sources
5. Oceans
(Any
6. Storage reservoirs or dams
two
Subsurface Sources each)
1. Wells
2. Tube wells
3. Infiltration galleries
4. Infiltration Wells
5. Springs
b State any two physical and chemical characteristics of water 2M

i) Physical characteristics: 1 M for

1. Colour physical
2. Taste and Odour and 1M
3. Temperature for
4. Turbidity chemical

Page 1 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

ii) Chemical characteristics: character

1. Total solids istics
2. Hardness (Any two
3. Chlorides each)
4. Dissolved Oxygen
5. pH value
6. Fluorides
7. Alkalinity

c List the types of pipes used for conveyance of water. 2M

The various types of pipes used for conveyance of water are as follows: ½M
1. Cast iron pipes (Any
2. Wrought iron pipes four)
3. Steel pipes
4. Concrete pipes
5. Wooden pipes
6. Vitrified clay pipes
7. Copper pipe
8. Lead pipes
9. Asbestos cement pipes
10. PVC pipes
d Enlist the types of joints for pipes conveying water. 2M
1. Socket and spigot joint Or Bell and Spigot Joint 1 M each
2. Flanged joint (any
3. Expansion joint two)
4. Welded joint (butt welded, socket welded)
5. Screwed and Socket Joint
e State values of self-cleaning velocity and Non-scouring velocity of sewage. 2M
Self-cleaning velocity is usually 0.6 m/s to 1 m/s for normal sewage. It depends on the 1 M each
diameter of the pipe.
Non-scouring velocity is generally 3 m/s to 3.5 m/s. It mainly depends on material of
the sewer pipe.
f List any four building sanitary fittings. 2M
1. Water closet, Indian and European type-:
2. Flushing cistern
3. Wash hand basin-: ½M
4. Sink (Any
5. Urinals four)
6. Traps

Page 2 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

g Define B.O.D. 2M
The amount of oxygen required by the microorganisms to carry out the 2M
biological decomposition of biodegradable matter present in sewage under
aerobic conditions at standard temperature is known as the Biochemical
Oxygen Demand or B.O.D.
Q-2 Attempt any three of the following: 12M
a) Explain factors affecting location of Intake structure. 4M
Factors governing the location of an intake structure-
1. To reduce the cost of conveyance of treated water, the intake should be
01 M
located near the treatment plant.
(any
2. The intake should be located in the comparatively fresh water zone to
four)
reduce the load of the treatment work.
3. Intake should be located at such locations, from where water is
available even during dry summers.
4. Intake structure must be near the jack well.
5. The site should remain easily accessible during flood& should not get
flooded.
6. Intake works should not be located on curves as far as possible
7. The intake should not be located near the navigation channel.
8. The intake must never be located at the downstream or in the vicinity
of the point of disposal of wastewater
9. The site should be such as to permit greater withdrawal of water, if
required at a future date.
b) Explain the need to protect water supplies. 4M
1. Whether a public water system relies on surface water, ground water,
or a combination of the two, protection of a water system’s source is
important.
2. If source water becomes contaminated, threats to public health are
increased. 1M
3. In addition, expensive treatment or replacement or relocation ofthe each
water supply may be required. (any 4)
4. Treatment or relocation costs are passed on to every user served by the
public water system and local property values may be reduced.
5. Water is a limited resource. If a source becomes contaminated, there
may not be another source available that can be developed.
6. Protection of existing sources of water is a wise way to protect public
health and keep treatment costs to a minimum.
(Note: - Student can write in his/her own viewpoint, so give marks accordingly.)

Page 3 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

c Calculate the population at 2041 using incremental increase method with 4M

following population census data:
Year 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 138000 151500 168200 183700

Year Population Increase in Incremental

population increase

1981 138000 - - 1M
1991 151500 13500 -

2001 168200 16700 3200

2011 183700 15500 -1200

Total 45700 2000

X = Mean increase in population = 45700/3 = 15233.33 1M

Y = Mean of Incremental increase in population = 2000/2 = 1000
P = Last known population = 183700
n = (Future year – last known year )/10 = (2041 – 2011)/10 = 3
By Incremental Increase Method –
Probable population Pi = P + nX + (n(n+1) * Y)/2 1M

P[2041] = 183700 + ( 3x15233.33 ) + 3(4)(1000)/2

= 183700 + 45700 + 6000 1M

P[2041] = 235400 persons

Page 4 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

d Describe expansion Joint with sketch. 4M

Expansion joint-
It is used when pipes are subjected to severe changes in temperature leading
to the expansion and contraction of pipes. A rubber gasket is inserted between 2M
the spigot and bell ends and it adjusts in every position to keep the joint
watertight. The flanged ring is bolted to the bell and it expands or contracts
along with the bell end.

02 M
for
sketch

Page 5 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

Q- 3 Attempt any THREE of the following 12 M

a Explain the importance of PH in water treatment process and wastewater 4M
treatment process
Ans The pH value of wastewater must be taken into account while deciding
treatment of water and wastewater.
1. If pH value is low, water or wastewater is acidic and it may cause
1M each
(Any 4)
tuberculation and corrosion of pipe or sewer pipe.
2. If pH value is high, it may produce incrustation, sediment deposit.
3. In waste water treatment efficiency of biological treatment unit
reduces due to low and high pH.
4. pH value decides neutralization treatment
5. High pH value create difficulty in Chlorination process..
6. The efficiency of flocculation in coagulation process depend on pH
value
b Explain with neat labelled sketch of cross section of Rapid Sand Gravity 4M
Filter
Ans

2M

Construction:
1. Enclosure tank. – Depth of tank 2.5-3.5 m.
Surface area 20-80 m2, each unit arranged in series
2. Filter media.- Depth of sand media = 60-90 cm
Coeff. Of uniformity = 1.2-1.7
Effective size = 0.35-0.6 mm
3. Base material-6-90 cm thick gravel of 2 to 50mm in size
placed in layers 2M
4. Under- drainage system-
It collects the filtered water uniformly over the area of the gravel bed (any 2)
It provides uniform distribution of backwash water without disturbing or
upsetting the gravel bed and filter media
5. Other appurtenances
i. Wash water troughs: – These are provided at the top to collect the
backwash water after it emerges from the sand. They are C. I. or R. C. C.
troughs spanning across the width or length of the tank
ii. Air compressor:

Page 6 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

c State any four types of valves and its use 4M

Ans 1)Air relief valve
Use- it allow the air or to escape and flowing water without disturbance.
1M each
2) Sluice valve
(Any 4)
Use- to control the flow of water.
3) Pressure Relief valve
Use- it saves the particular section of pipe from bursting
4) Reflux valve
Use- when pump fails, water will not flow back so it prevents from
damaging.
5) Scour valve
Use- To remove sand and silt deposited in pipe line.
d Differentiate between slow sand filter and rapid sand filter with eight 4M
points
Ans S.N Points Slow sand Filter Rapid Sand Filter
1 Pretreatment Plain sedimentation Coagulation Required.
2 Area Very large 100- Small.10-80 sq.mt
requirement 2000sq.mt
3 Economy High initial cost but low initial cost but ½M
low operation cost high operation cost each
4 Filter Media ES=0.2-0.4mm , ES=0.35-0.50 mm, (Any 8)
UC=1.8 – 3. UC = 1.3-1.7
Depth=90-110cm Depth=60-90cm
5 Base Material Size=3-65 mm , Size=3-65 mm ,
Depth=30-75cm Depth=30-75cm
6 Rate of 100-200 3000-6000
filtration Lit/Hr/Sqmt. Lit/Hr/Sqmt.
7 Skilled Not required Essentially required
supervisors
8 Cleaning 1 to 3 months 2 to 3 days
period
9 Method of Scrapping the top Agitation and back
cleaning layers washing
10 Suitability For small towns and For big cities where
villages where land land cost is high
cost is less.
11 Efficiency More efficient for Less efficient for
bacterial removal and bacterial removal and
less for turbidity and more efficient for
colour removal turbidity and colour
removal.
12 Back washing No back washing 2 to 4 % of filtered
quantity required. Top sand water.
Page 7 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

required layer is replaced.

13 Under Laid to receive Laid to receive filtered

drainage filtered water water and also to pass
system backwash water at a
higher rate.
Q-4 Attempt any THREE of the following 12 M
a Draw the flow diagram of water treatment plant 4M
Ans

4M

OR

Page 8 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

b Draw the layout of any two-water distribution system 4M

Ans 1) Dead end system:

2M each

(Any 2 )
2) Grid iron system

3) Circular system

4) Radial system

Page 9 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

c State the function of service reservoir for water distribution 4M

Ans 1. To supply the water under gravity. 1M each
2. To supply water during emergency. (Any 4)
3. To balance the fluctuating demand from the distribution system
4. To permit the source to give a steady or differently phased output.
5. To give a suitable pressure for the distribution system and reduce
pressure fluctuations therein
6. To provide a supply during a failure
d State the principles regarding design of building drainage 4M
Ans 1. It is advisable to lay sewers by the side of building rather than below the
building.
2. The drains should be laid straight between inspection chambers or
manholes.
3. All sharp bends and junctions should be avoided except through 1M each
(Any 4)
chambers or manholes.
4. The entire system should be properly ventilated from the starting point
to the end point of disposal.
5. The house drain should be at higher level than public sewer otherwise
there will be reverse flow from public sewer to house drain.
6. The house drainage should contain enough number of traps at suitable
points for efficient functioning of it.
7. There should be intercepting trap between public sewer and house drain
so that foul gases from public sewer could not enter in house drain.
8. The joints of sewers should be watertight and should be properly tested
before putting drainage line in use.
9. The material of sewer should be standard and non absorbent and earth
cushioning should be provided on sewer to protect it from external
loads.
10. The sewage formed should be conveyed as early as possible after its
formation.
11. The size of lateral sewers should be such that they will not overflow
at the time of maximum discharge.
e State the object of sewage treatment 4M

Ans Objects of sewage treatment-

1. To remove organic solids.
2. To remove inorganic matter (sand, etc.) 1M each
3. To prevent nuisance & offensive odour. (Any 4)
4. To prevent water borne diseases.
5. To safeguard the natural resources from pollution.
6. To remove toxic & hazardous matter.
7. To convert solids into stable products by biological decomposing.
8. To make environment pollution free.

Page 10 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

Sub Mark
Q. No. Answer
Q. N. Scheme
5 Attempt any TWO of the following 12M
(a) Explain Electrolysis and Reverse osmosis treatment. 6M
ANS. Electrolysis:
- Electrolysis means transport of ions from a salt solution through ions
exchange membranes as a result of an applied electric field . The cations 2M
and anions migrate to words the cathode and anode through cations and
anion exchange membranes respectively leaving the deplete in salt while
the neighbouring /Compartment become concentrated .

1M

DIAGRAM
Reverse Osmosis:
Pressure applied to salt water is grater the osmotic pressure, then water
from solute diffuses from solution through the membranes to fresh water
side. This process is known as reverse osmosis.
• Generally there are two type of membranes namely cellulose acetate and
aromatic polyamide.
• Members are assembled in modular unit that impact a large membranes
surface in a cylindrical container fitted with inlet and outlet 2M
arrangements.
• Pre-treatment may consists of coagulation and filtration to remove
turbidity, suspended matter iron manganese, softening removed of
hardness, reducing the potential of calcium carbonate and calcium
sulphate precipitate.

Page 11 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

1M

DIAGRAM
(b) Draw the layout plan of drainage system for the residential building 6M
and label the components.
ANS.

6M*

LAYOUT PLAN

Page 12 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

R.W.- Rain water pipe B.W.- Bath waste

C.E.- Cleaning eye I.C.- Intercepting chamber
S.W. Sink waste I.T.- Intercepting trap
V- Vent pipe F.A.I.- Fresh Air Inlet
W.C.- Water closet S.P.- Saddle point
L.B.W.- Lavatory basin waste M.H.- Manhole
*(Note- 5 marks for layout plan 01 mark for labeling)
(c) Design a circular shape sewer with following data : 6M
Zone population - 1,75,000
Manning's constant (n) : 0.012
Consider sewer running half full.
ANS. Given Data:
Zone population - 1,75,000
Manning's constant (n) : 0.012
Consider sewer running half full
STEP 1) Calculate quantity of Water Supply (in m3/s)
175000 𝑥 135
=
1000 𝑥 24 𝑥 60 𝑥 60 1M
= 0.273 m3 /s
STEP 2) Maximum Discharge = 1.5 x 0.273
= 0.410 m3 /s
STEP 3) As sewer running half full 1M
2 𝜋
𝐴 (4 𝑥 𝑑 )
𝑚= = 𝜋
𝑃 (𝜋 𝑥 ) 2

𝑑
𝑚= 1M
2
STEP 4) Assume i = 1/550
𝐴𝑉
𝑄=
2 1M
Using manning’s formula of velocity,
1
𝑣= ∗ 𝑚3/2 ∗ 𝑖 1/2
𝑛

Page 13 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

Therefore Discharge will be,

1 1
𝐴 ∗ 𝑚3/2 ∗ 𝑖 1/2
𝑄=
2 𝑛
1 𝜋 1
𝑄 = ∗ 𝑥 𝑑 2 ∗ ∗ 𝑚3/2 ∗ 𝑖 1/2 1M
2 4 𝑛
3 1
1 𝜋 1 𝑑 2 1 2
0.273 = ∗ 𝑥 𝑑 2 ∗ ∗( ) ∗ ( )
2 4 0.012 2 550

3
0.273 = 1.395 ∗ 𝑑 (2+2)
7
0.273 = 1.395 ∗ 𝑑 (2)
𝑑 = 0.627 𝑚
𝑑 ≅ 0.63 𝑚
Provide diameter of sewer 0.63 m.
1M
(Student may assume another value of slope(i) ,credit give
accordingly)

Page 14 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

Q-6 Attempt any TWO of the following 12M

(a) Differentiate with labeled sketch of one pipe and two pipe system of 6M
plumbing.
ANS.
Point One Pipe System Two Pipe System
1. No. of pipes In this system, one main In this system, two sets
carrying vertical pipe is provided.of vertical pipes are
waste All the waste matter from laid. One pipe is used
bathrooms, kitchen, water for draining sullage.
closet, etc is discharged Both the pipes are
into it. In addition to this, a
ventilated separately
separate vent pipe is by providing separate
provided. vent pipes or anti- 1M for
siphonage pipes. each
2. No. of vent Single vent pipe Two separate vent (any 6)
pipes pipes for both soil and
waste pipe.
3. Gully trap Not required Required
4. Efficiency This system is less This is the best system
efficient. for the efficient
conveyance of house
5. Cost Less costly wastes.
More costly than one
pipe system
6. Maintenance Low maintenance High maintenance
7. Space It requires less space for It requires more space
Required installation. for installation.

Page 15 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

8. Sketch

(b) Draw a neat labeled sketch of oxidation pond and explain its working. 6M
ANS.

2 M for
sketch 1M
for label

1. The oxidation pond purify sewage by dual action of aerobic bacteria

and algae.
2. The sewage is stored under climatic condition which is favorable for
the growth of algae, namely sunshine and warmth.
3. An aerobic bacteria uses oxygen of the atmosphere, whereas the

Page 16 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Public Health Engineering Subject Code: 22504

algae is active in the sunlight .The Aerobic bacteria decomposes the

organic matter of sewage.
3M
4. The CO2 produced during decomposition of carbohydrates of
sewage is broken up by algae during the process of photosynthesis
into carbon and oxygen .
5. This carbon is used in producing more carbohydrates and released
oxygen keeps the dissolved oxygen content of water at high level.
(c) Draw the flow diagram of sewage treatment plant and state functions 6M
of each unit.
ANS.

2M

1) Screen: To remove the large floating and suspended matters.

2) Grit Chamber: To remove grit, sand and other inorganic matter from
sewage
3) Skimming Tank: To remove oil, grease and fats from sewage.
4) Sedimentation tank: To separate the settable solids. 1M (Any
5) Aeration Tank: To add oxygen and oxidize organic matter. 4)
6) Chlorination: is used to kill certain bacteria and other microbes in
sewage as chlorine is highly toxic.
7) Sludge Digestion: To stabilize the sludge
8) Trickling Filter: To remove total Solids ,To reduce BOD

Page 17 of 17