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4 views2 pages

Ques 1

Uploaded by

Sahil Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Question 1

Question 0.1 State and prove Rolles Theorem


(Rolles Theorem) Let f be a continuous real valued function defined on
some interval [a, b] & differentiable on all (a, b). If f (a) = f (b) = 0 then ∃
some s ∈ [a, b] s.t. f 0 (s) = 0.

f is continuous on [a, b] therefore assumes absolute max and min values


on [a, b]. These can only occur at :
1. Points on [a, b] where f 0 (x) doesn’t exist.
2. The end points a&b.
3. Some internal point s where f 0 (s) = 0
1. Void by hypothesis (f is continuous).
2. If either the end points a&b are a max or min then f is a constant function
and s can be taken anywhere in [a, b].
3. If a max or min occurs at some internal point s in [a, b] then f 0 (s) = 0
and we have a point for the theorem.

Question 0.2 Let f : R =⇒ R be a function which is 2k = 1 times dif-


ferentiable, for some non-negative integer k. Let a&b (a < b) & (a, b ∈ R.
Suppose that f (j) (A) = 0 and f (j) (b) = 0 for j = 0, 1, . . . , k.Prove that ∃
some ξ ∈ R s.t. a < ξ < b for which f (2k+1) (ξ) = 0.

Suppose 0 ≤ j ≤ k & f (j) (x) = 0 for x = a0 , a1 , . . . , aj+1 & a = a0 < a1 <


. . . < aj+1 = b
Applying Rolles Theorem to f (j) on [ai−1 , ai ] for i = 1, 2, . . . , j+1 ∃ bi s.t. ai−1 <
bi < ai and s.t. f j=1 (bi ) = 0
Also ∃ f j+1 (bj+2 ) where bj+2 = b
Repeatedly applying this result for j = 0, 1, . . . , k − 1 we see that ∃
c0 , c1 , . . . , ck+1 where a = c0 < c1 , < . . . < ck+1 = b s.t. f(k) (x) = 0 when
x = ci (i = 0, 1, 2, . . . , k + 1)

So f (k) = 0 f or k + 2 values in [a, b].


Applying Rolles Theorem to f (k) on the relevant subintervals in [a, b]

f (k+1) = 0 f or k + 1 values in [a, b]

f (k+j) = 0 f or k + 2 values in [a, b] f or j = 0, 1, . . . , k + 1


In particular f (2k+1) (ξ) = 0 f or some ξ ∈ [a, b]

1
Question 0.3 State the Mean Value Theorem, and show how it mad be de-
duced as a corollary of Rolles Theorem..

(Mean Value Theorem) Let f be a continuous real valued function defined


on some interval [a, b] & differentiable on all (a, b). Then ∃ some s ∈ [a, b]
s.t. a < s < b & f (b)−f
b−a
(a)
= f 0 (s)
Let g(x) : [a, b] =⇒ R be defined by

b−x 0 x−a 0
g(x) = f (x) − f (b) − f (a)
b−a b−a

Applying Rolles Theorem to g on [a, b] ∃ some s ∈ [a, b] s.t. g 0 (s) = 0

f (b) − f (a)
⇒ g 0 (s) = f 0 (s) −
b−a

f (b) − f (a)
⇒ = f 0 (s)
b−a
as required

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