RV Institute of Technology and Management (RVITM) Bengaluru

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“BIO-DIESEL FOR IRRIGATION WITH

SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR)
TECHNIQUE”
MINI-PROJECT REPORT (18MEMP68)

Submitted by
DHEERAJ K R 1RF20ME005
GAURAV RAO 1RF20ME006
M ABHIJITH 1RF20ME012
VENU GOPAL 1RF20ME025

Under the Guidance of

Dr. C. SOLAIMUTHU
Head
Department of Mechanical Engineering
RV Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore

in partial fulfilment for the award of degree

of
Bachelor of Engineering
IN
Mechanical Engineering

RV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

BENGALURU - 560 076

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 RV Institute of Technology and Management (RVITM) Bengaluru

2022-23
RV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE
(Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work titled “BIO-DIESEL FOR IRRIGATION WITH
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR) TECHNIQUE” is carried out
by Mr. DHEERAJ K R (1RF20ME005), Mr. GAURAV RAO (1RF20ME006),
Mr. M ABHIJITH (1RF20ME012) and Mr. VENU GOPAL (1RF20ME025), who
are bonafide students of RV Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, in
partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical
Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year
2022-2023. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal
Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library.
The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in
respect of project work prescribed by the institution for the said degree.

Signature of Guide: Signature of HoD: Signature of Principal:

External Viva-Voce

Name of Examiners Signature with date

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RV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE

(Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DECLARATION

We, Mr. DHEERAJ K R (1RF20ME005), Mr. GOURAV RAO (1RF20ME006),

Mr. M ABHIJITH (1RF20ME012) and Mr. VENU GOPAL (1RF20ME025), the
students of sixth semester B.E., Mechanical Engineering, hereby declare that the
project titled “BIO-DIESEL FOR IRRIGATION WITH SELECTIVE CATALYTIC
REDUCTION (SCR) TECHNIQUE” has been carried out by us and submitted in partial
fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical
Engineering. We do declare that this work is not carried out by any other students for
the award of degree in any other branch.

Place: Bangalore Name of the Student Signature

Date:
1. DHEERAJ K R
2. GOURAV RAO

3. M ABHIJITH

4. VENU GOPAL

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful presentation of the Mini-Project would be incomplete without

the mention of the people who made it possible and whose constant guidance crowned
my effort with success.

I/We would like to thank my/our Project Guide, Dr. Lokesh P, Assistant
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RV Institute of Technology and
Management, Bengaluru, for his constant guidance and inputs.

I/We would like to thank my/our Project External Guide, Dr. Rakesh P,
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Science, Bengaluru, for his constant guidance and inputs.

I/We thank Dr. C. Solaimuthu, Associate Professor and Head i/c, Department
of Mechanical Engineering, RV Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru,
for her encouragement.

I/We would like to extend my/our gratitude to Dr. Jayapal R, Principal, RV

Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru, for facilitating me to present the
Mini Project.

I/We would like to extend my/our gratitude to the Management, RV Institute

of Technology and Management, Bengaluru, for providing all the facilities to
present the DBMS Mini Project.

I/We would like to thank all the Faculty and Technical Staff of the college for
their co-operation.

Finally, I/We extend my/our heart-felt gratitude to my/our family for their
encouragement and support without which I/we wouldn’t have come so far. Moreover,
I/we thank all my/our friends for their invaluable support and cooperation.

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ABSTRACT

Vegetable oils are renewable in nature and can be directly used as fuels in
diesel engines. However, their high viscosity and poor volatility lead to reduced
thermal efficiency and increased carbon monoxide, smoke density and hydrocarbon
emissions. Transesterification is one of the methods, by which viscosity could be
reduced considerably and the esterified fuel could be adopted for use in diesel engines.
This transesterified vegetable oil is popularly known as Bio diesel (or) Vegetable Oil
Methyl Ester (VOME).

A Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has been designed and fabricated using
software tool. The same has been installed in tail pipe of diesel engine to reduce the
oxide of nitrogen while operating the diesel engine fuelled with bio-diesel.

From the results it is seen that optimum nozzle opening pressure of 250 bar
and the static injection timing of 20° bTDC are found to be suitable to have better
results in terms of performance, combustion and emissions of diesel engine with
different blends of Mahua bio-diesel. In order to reduce NOx, the engine is operated
with SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), The results are compared with neat diesel
operations at full load condition and also with blends of vegetable bio-diesel. From
this study, it is concluded that the use of bio-diesel (25% of biodiesel and 75% of
diesel) shows reasonable reduction in emissions with comparatively better
performance and combustion in the engine under consideration. In future, bio-diesel
with SCR combination gives good performance and lower emissions while compared
to conventional diesel fuel.

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FORMAT OF TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of symbols, Acronyms and Nomenclature

1. Chapter 01 ............................................................................11
1.1 Introduction .....................................................................11
1.2 Literature Survey ................................................................12
1.3 Motivation ........................................................................13
1.4 Objectives ........................................................................14
1.5 Methodology......................................................................14
1.6 Organisation of Project Report .................................................15

2. Chapter 02 .............................................................................16
2.1 Extraction of oil from seed ......................................................16
2.1.1 Extraction by the “Oil Expeller”........................................16
2.1.2 Solvent Extraction Method .............................................17
2.2 Transesterification of Vegetable Oils: A Review .............................17
2.2.1 General Aspects of Transesterification ................................17
2.2.2 Transesterification of Vegetable oil ....................................19
2.2.3 Acid-Catalysed Processes ...............................................19
2.2.4 Base-Catalysed Processes ...............................................20
2.2.5 Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters as Feed stocks for Industry ..................22
2.2.6 Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters as Biodiesel ...................................23
2.3 Fundamentals of Bio-diesel Fuels ...............................................24
2.4 Washing of Bio-diesel ............................................................25
2.5 De-Methanolisation of the Bio-diesel ...........................................25

3. Chapter 03..............................................................................26
3.1 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) ...........................................26
3.2 Load and Speed Measurements .................................................27
3.3 Fuel Supply and Measurements .................................................27
3.4 Temperature Measurements .....................................................27
3.5 Combustion Analysis ............................................................27
3.6 Pressure Measurements ..........................................................28
3.7 Crank Degree Marker ............................................................28
3.8 Charge Amplifier .................................................................28

4. Chapter 04 ..............................................................................29
4.1 Design of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) ...............................29
4.2 Engine Details .....................................................................30

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5. Chapter 05 .............................................................................32

6. Chapter 06..............................................................................35
6.1 Conclusions/Outcomes ...........................................................35
6.2 Future Scopes .....................................................................35

7. References .............................................................................36

8. Appendix I .............................................................................38

9. List of Publications ...................................................................39

10. National conference certificate ..............................................................40

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List of Symbols, Acronyms and Nomenclature

BD : Bio-diesel

B-0 : 0% Bio-diesel and 100% Diesel

B-25 : 25% Bio-diesel and 75% Diesel

B-50 : 50% Bio-diesel and 50% Diesel

B-75 : 75% Bio-diesel and 25% Diesel

B-100 : 100% Bio-diesel and 0% Diesel

EGR : Exhaust Gas Recirculation

SCR : Selective Catalytic Reduction

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List of Tables

Table No. Title Page No.

Table 2.1 Saturated Fatty Acids 6

Table 2.2 Unsaturated Fatty Acids 6

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List of Figures

Fig No. Title Page No.

Fig 1.1 Chemical Equation of Bio-diesel Production 12

Fig 1.2 Production of Bio-diesel 14
Fig 2.1 Chemical equation of Poly-Ethylene Terephthalate 18
Fig 2.2 Intramolecular transesterification chemical process 18
Fig 2.3 Acid-catalyzed transesterification 19
Fig 2.4 Base-catalyzed transesterification
20
Fig 2.5 Chemical route of soap formation
21
Fig 2.6 Chemical route of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters 22
Fig 2.7 Bio-diesel production setup 25
Fig 3.1 Schematic diagram of SCR 26
Fig 4.1 Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Line
29
Diagram of SCR
Fig 4.2 Pictorial Projection of SCR Device 30
Fig 5.1 Production of bio-diesel and from raw vegetable oil 32
Fig 5.2 Experiment Conduction 33
Fig 5.3 Fabricated Model of SCR Device 34

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