History

Decline of ancient cities in the dry zone and origin of new
kingdoms in south West-07
The first Urbanization in Sri Lanka is reflected by Anuradhapura which

belongs to the North Central dry zone and ancient Magama city
which had belonged to Southern and South Eastern part of Sri Lanka.
There were the first signs of development in these two cities by
around 450 B.C. At that time the walls , moats, and streets and other
important facilities of life for a city life was prevailed.
• Ancient time , A settlements With markets, religious buildings
for offerings, aesthetic parks, defensive modes and tanks is
considered a city. The ancient city of Anuradhapura was such
planned one by King Pandukabaya.
• After the 9th century AD, the trade was centering around the
eastern part of the Indian Ocean, so the rulers had to
understand the need of activating the ports in the eastern
coasts. Administrating the income which came through those
ports, preventing the threat of security to the country from
outsiders. For this purpose Poland Nero was selected as a well
organized city close to the coastal areas.
Questions
1. How were the South East Asian characteristics prominent in
the art works of polonnaruwa era?
2. Name the three main kings of Polonnaruwa?
3. What were the main reasons for the downfall of Polonnaruwa
era?
4. What sort of destruction was caused by the inversion of kalinga
magha ?
5. Why did people migrated from polonnaruwa?
6. What were the reasons for the decline of ancient cities?
The second urbanization

Reasons for the emergence of new cities in the South Eastern areas of Sri
Lanka
➢ Operating several ruling centers due to decentralizing of
political power
➢ Growth of new harbours
➢ Reflecting a new awakening of intelligence due to the. Rebirth
of literature
➢ Setting up of new trade relations network and widening of
commercial activities with that
Cities emerged under second urbanization.

➢ Dambadeniya, Yapahuva, Kurunegala, Gampola, Kotte, Jaffna
After the downfall of the polonnaruwa Kingdom in 1215A.D. , till the
establishment of Dambadeniya Kingdom in A.D., the capital was in the
hands of the enemies. There were several leaders who protected both the
country and the Buddhism during this time. such as ,
I. Suba senavi who protected the areas from enemies. By building an
inaccessible in the Yapahuva rock.
II. the Duke Buwanekabahu , who prevented enemies from entering
Ruhunu by making a citadel at the top of the Govindamalaya
mountain.
III. Sanka senavi, who had built a citadel in the rock in Gandeniya close
to Mahiyangana.
DAMBADENIYA KINGDOM
Dambadeniya kingdom was established in 1232 A.D. by king vijayabahu III.

His rulling period was 4 years and he died in 1236 A.D
Services of King Vijayabahu III
➢ The bikkus protected the tooth relic and the bowl relic and bowl
relic taken to Kotmale.
➢ King vijayabahu III made arrangement to bring them to the
Dambadeniya. He built a Dalada Maligawa at Beligala and set
them down there.
➢ He built the Vijayasundararamaya in Dambadeniya.
➢ Reconstructed Kalani temple
➢ Made a Sangha amendment by holding the upa Sampada festival
again.
➢ Took steps to rewrite books in disuse.
Service of parakramabahu II
➢ Here repulsed an invader called Chandrabhanu which came from
northern part of the Malaya penisula in the South East Asia in
1247 A.D
➢ Saved Rajarata from Kalinga Magha in 1255 AD
➢ He killed the invader Chandrabhanu who tries to invade
Dambadeniya for the second time in 1261 AD and save the
kingdom.
➢ Took steps to use the minister named Deva Pathiraja to develop
the economic, religious and educational sector
➢ The title of offered to King Parakrama Bahu II was Kalikala Sahithya
Sarvagna panditha
YAPAHUVA KIGDOM
An inversion was led by an army general named Calling Araya and another
platoon was led the army general Chodang during the return of
Boneknapper, who one who was the Last King of Tombolini. The king faced
all the adversaries successfully. And later selected Yopu as his Kingdom.
King Guanica Bahu 1 was interested in trade relations with foreign
countries. It is reported that a group of ambassadors sent by the King to the
Sultan of Egypt to discuss the development of trade relations with Egypt
had been welcomed in Cairo in the month of April in 1283.
During this time, a provincial leader named Aria Chakravarthy had arrived in
Sri Lanka from South India with the pandian Army attacking the Yahua
Citadel, took the Tooth relic to South India and handed it over to King’s
College Shekhar, the Pandyan King.
Questions
Kurunegala kingdom
1. Who was the first ruler who established the Kingdom of

Kurunegala?
2. What was the services done during the regin of King
ParakramaBahu IV in Kurunegala?
Gampola Kingdom
3. Who was first ruler in Gampola?
4. What were the other contemporary kingdoms of Gampola?
5. What are the special features of the Kingdom of Gampala
6. What are the prominent temples constructed by King
Buwanekabahu IV?
7. How did the Gampola Kingdom conclude?
Kotte Kingdom
8. How did King Parakramabahu VI come into power in kotte?
9. What are the prominent services rendered by King
Parakramabahu VI?
10. Who were the other kings of the kotte Kingdom?
The kingdom of Jaffna
11. What texts can be read to study about the Kingdom of
Jaffna
12. Who was the first ruler in Jaffna kingdom?
13. How many rulers were there in Jaffna from the time of
Vijay kulenkai to arrival of the Portuguese
14. Who are vanniyars?
Economic Style
15. Discuss the economic style of the country after the
collapse of Rajarata civilization?
Religion
16. What were the religious activities during the period of
second urbanization?
Arts and architecture
17. What are the features in architecture of the period of
second urbanization.
18. Why was there a great revival in language and literature
during the time of second urbanization?
19. What were the great literary texts written during this?
20. What were the Buddhist educational centers
established at that time?
Irfa teacher – History

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Decline of ancient cities in the dry zone and origin of new

kingdoms in south West-07

The first Urbanization in Sri Lanka is reflected by Anuradhapura which

The second urbanization

Cities emerged under second urbanization.

Dambadeniya kingdom was established in 1232 A.D. by king vijayabahu III.

1. Who was the first ruler who established the Kingdom of

Irfa teacher – History

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