Research and Development Center

R&DC RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORMAT

BASIC INFORMATION
Research/Project Title: Exploring the Lived Experience of Eldest Daughters in Imus City
Project Duration (in months): February to July 2024
PROPONENT
Asis, Johm S.J
Belacha, Gabrielle Christian B.
Mamuyac, Francis Mykel Theo C.
Medina, Marrielle C.
Tabaosares, Precious Lady Jancel M.
Tala, Dominic V.
09462127235
09983525330
09762785882
09176529658
09162244486
09939928906
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Block 2 Lot 6 Phase 5 Golden City, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
Block 16 Lot 5 Sheltertown Buhay Na Tubig, Imus City, Cavite
Block 6 Lot 7 Phase 1 Villa Antonina, San Nicolas 2 Bacoor City, Cavite
Block 9 Lot 88 Barcelona 3 Buhay na Tubig, Imus City, Cavite
Block 3 Lot 33 Phase 4 Summer Hills, Bacoor City, Cavite
Block 6 B Lot 2 Phase 2 ext. Mabuhay City, Paliparan 3 Dasmariñas City, Cavite
DETAILS OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Please present your research proposal based on the following guidelines. Proposal should not exceed
20-single spaced pages.
RESEARCH PROBLEM AND RATIONALE:
Within the context of family dynamics, a person's birth order plays a major role
in determining their experiences and personality. Given the special duties and
expectations that come with being the oldest daughter among the siblings, this
role frequently attracts the most attention. The Philippines' Imus City offers a
fascinating setting for exploring the real-life experiences of eldest daughters in
family structures. In order to shed light on the roles, difficulties, and goals of the

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eldest daughters in Imus City, this qualitative study intends to examine the
many facets of their lives.

Studies in psychology and sociology have shown interest in the phenomenon of

being the oldest daughter. In "The Eldest Daughter Effect," explore the
complexities of this role and emphasize the significant impact it has on family
dynamics and personal growth. Furthermore, the notion of the "Eldest Daughter
Syndrome" has surfaced, indicating the existence of unique behavioral
tendencies and anticipations directed towards the oldest daughters in the
family. The larger framework of birth order theory, which holds that personality
traits and life trajectories are significantly shaped by birth order, balances these
viewpoints.

A lack of research has been done on the lived experiences of eldest daughters,
especially in the context of Imus City, despite the body of literature on birth
order and family dynamics already in existence. This study aims to close this
gap by carrying out qualitative investigations that offer a thorough examination
of the difficulties, obligations, and interpersonal dynamics faced by eldest
daughters in Imus City households. This research attempts to clarify the
complex ways that eldest daughters negotiate their identities, aspirations, and
familial roles through theme coding and narrative analysis.

This qualitative research aims to explore and describe the lived experiences of
eldest daughters within their families. The rationale for this study stems from
the acknowledgment of the significant role that eldest daughters often play
within their families, which can vary across cultural, social, and familial contexts
(Dowling, 2013). By delving into their lived experiences, this research seeks to
uncover the multifaceted dynamics, challenges, responsibilities, and joys that
eldest daughters encounter within their families. Understanding these
experiences can offer valuable insights into family dynamics, gender roles, and
individual identity formation (McAdams, 2001).

This research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the complex lived experiences of eldest
daughters in Imus City. The insights gained from this study can be used to improve family
counseling practices, educational interventions, and the narratives that the public uses to promote
gender roles and familial expectations. Through elevating the voices of eldest daughters and valuing
their stories, this research aims to promote understanding, acknowledgment, and assistance for those
who hold this crucial role in the family structure.

OBJECTIVES:
This qualitative study aims to investigate the lived experiences of the oldest daughters in Imus City,
Philippines. In particular, the study seeks to:
1. Examine the roles and responsibilities that are assigned to eldest daughters in Imus City
families.
2. Exploring the difficulties and demands that oldest daughters face when carrying out their
parental responsibilities, which include but are not limited to providing care, exercising
leadership, and making decisions.
3. Determine how families in Imus City interact with one another, paying particular attention to
how the oldest daughters engage with their siblings.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS:
This qualitative research project aims to produce a detailed and nuanced account of the lived
experiences of eldest daughters in Imus City, Philippines. The study's conclusions will provide

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insightful information about the complex aspects of eldest daughters' roles, difficulties, and goals
within the framework of their families through online surveys, theme analysis, and narrative
exploration. A thorough report outlining the themes, patterns, and narratives that surface from the
data will be the output, offering a thorough understanding of the complex dynamics influencing the
lives of eldest daughters in Imus City households. The research output will also include
recommendations for doable interventions and policy implications. The results of this study are
intended to enhance academic discourse, inform social policies, and motivate positive change in the
lives of eldest daughters and their families in Imus City and beyond through their insightful
observations and practical suggestions.

SIGNIFICANCE:
This qualitative research holds significance for a number of stakeholders, all of whom can gain from
the insights obtained from the study:
Eldest Daughters: By giving voice to and illuminating their experiences, this research gives
eldest daughters in Imus City a sense of validation, understanding, and amplification. It gives
them a forum to express their difficulties, goals, and viewpoints, promoting a feeling of agency
and self-awareness.
Families: By encouraging empathy, understanding, and communication among family members,
the research's findings can help to improve familial dynamics and relationships. Acknowledging
the distinct responsibilities and contributions of eldest daughters can help families foster more
loving and caring environments that advance the overall growth of every family member.
Teachers and Counselors: By using the knowledge gained from this study, educators and
counselors can better adapt their interventions and support services to the unique needs of the
eldest daughters in Imus City. Educators and counselors can empower eldest daughters to thrive
academically, emotionally, and socially by providing tailored guidance, mentorship, and
resources based on their understanding of the difficulties and pressures these women face.
Community Leaders and Policymakers: The results of this study can be used by community
leaders and policymakers to guide the creation of initiatives, policies, and programs that support
gender equality and the family.
Scholars and Researchers: The study's findings add to the understanding of gender studies,
family sociology, and birth order dynamics. On the basis of this research, scholars and
researchers can create theoretical frameworks that improve our comprehension of familial roles
and dynamics as well as further investigate the nuances of eldest daughters' experiences in
various cultural contexts.
In conclusion, this study is important not only for academic research but also for practical
applications that affect families, educators, counselors, community leaders, legislators, researchers,
and academics in general. Ultimately, these applications will promote positive social change and the
general well-being of the Imus City community.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Scholars from a wide range of disciplines have been interested in the role that eldest daughters play
in families. Comprehending their lived experiences is essential to understanding family dynamics
and how they affect personal growth. The purpose of this review is to examine studies and literature
from both domestic and international sources that discuss the experiences of eldest daughters,
specifically in Imus City, and to highlight the difficulties, roles, and contributions that these women
make to their families.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

Birth order has long been a topic of interest in family psychology, with scholars exploring how it
shapes individual experiences within the family unit. Understanding the dynamics of birth order

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sheds light on how eldest daughters navigate their roles and responsibilities within the family
structure.

Birth order has long been a topic of interest in family psychology. According to Sulloway (1996),
birth order can significantly shape individual experiences within the family unit. Eldest daughters, in
particular, often bear the responsibility of leadership and caretaking, influencing their lived
experiences in unique ways. Understanding the dynamics of birth order sheds light on how eldest
daughters navigate their roles and responsibilities within the family structure.

Cultural expectations play a crucial role in shaping the experiences of eldest daughters. In her study,
Garcia (2014) explores how cultural norms and values influence the lives of firstborn daughters in
Hispanic families. The pressure to excel academically, fulfill familial obligations, and serve as role
models can contribute to both positive and negative aspects of their lived experiences. Examining
the intersection of culture and birth order provides valuable insights into the challenges and
opportunities faced by eldest daughters in different cultural contexts.

In summary, foreign literature emphasizes the significance of birth order in influencing the lived
experiences of eldest daughters. By examining the role of birth order in family dynamics and
considering cultural expectations, researchers gain valuable insights into the challenges and
opportunities faced by eldest daughters in various contexts.

LOCAL LITERATURE

In Filipino culture, family dynamics and gender roles heavily influence the experiences of eldest
daughters. Traditional expectations place a significant burden on eldest daughters to assist in
household chores, care for younger siblings, and uphold familial honor.

In Filipino culture, family dynamics and gender roles heavily influence the experiences of eldest
daughters. Reyes (2008) discusses the traditional expectations placed upon eldest daughters to assist
in household chores, care for younger siblings, and uphold familial honor. These cultural
expectations shape their identity formation and interpersonal relationships, highlighting the
significance of exploring the lived experiences of eldest daughters within the Filipino context.

Local literature underscores the importance of understanding the cultural context in shaping the lived
experiences of eldest daughters. By examining the intersection of familial expectations and cultural
values, researchers can gain a deeper appreciation for the challenges faced by eldest daughters
within Filipino families.

FOREIGN STUDIES

A qualitative study conducted by Johnson et al. (2019) delves into the lived experiences of firstborn
daughters in urban settings. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the study uncovers
the multifaceted roles and responsibilities shouldered by eldest daughters within their families.

A qualitative study conducted by Johnson et al. (2019) delves into the lived experiences of firstborn
daughters in urban settings. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the study uncovers
the multifaceted roles and responsibilities shouldered by eldest daughters within their families.
Themes such as sibling caretaking, academic pressure, and striving for independence emerge,
providing valuable insights into the unique challenges faced by eldest daughters in urban
environments.

Foreign studies provide valuable insights into the lived experiences of eldest daughters, particularly
in urban environments. By exploring themes such as sibling caretaking, academic pressure, and
striving for independence, researchers gain a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by
eldest daughters in different cultural and social contexts.

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LOCAL STUDIES

A phenomenological study to explore the lived experiences of eldest daughters in Filipino families.

Santos (2020) conducted a phenomenological study to explore the lived experiences of eldest
daughters in Filipino families, specifically in Imus City. Through participant observation and in-
depth interviews, the study reveals the complex interplay of familial expectations, cultural values,
and personal aspirations that shape the lives of eldest daughters. By giving voice to the narratives of
eldest daughters, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of their roles and experiences
within the local context.

By giving voice to the narratives of eldest daughters, the study contributes to a deeper understanding
of their roles and experiences within the local context, emphasizing the importance of cultural and
familial dynamics.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The role of the eldest daughter within familial structures has long been a subject of fascination and
inquiry in psychological and sociological literature. Positioned at the forefront of sibling hierarchy,
eldest daughters often navigate a complex landscape of responsibilities, expectations, and
interpersonal dynamics within the family unit. This review of related literature seeks to explore the
multifaceted dimensions of eldest daughters' experiences by examining seminal works and
theoretical frameworks that shed light on this phenomenon.

The Eldest Daughter Effect

The phenomenon of the eldest daughter within familial structures has garnered significant attention
in psychological and sociological literature. Lisette Schuitemaker and Wies Enthoven, in their
seminal work "The Eldest Daughter Effect," delve into the intricacies of this role, highlighting its
profound influence on individual development and family dynamics (Schuitemaker & Enthoven,
2016). This comprehensive study explores how being the eldest daughter shapes one's personality,
responsibilities, and relationships within the family unit, offering valuable insights into the unique
experiences of eldest daughters.
Eldest Daughter Syndrome
In addition to Schuitemaker and Enthoven's research, the concept of "Eldest Daughter Syndrome"
has emerged within scholarly discourse. While no specific study or publication was found under this
exact term, it is often used to describe the behavioral patterns and expectations placed upon eldest
daughters within the family hierarchy. This syndrome encompasses the pressure to excel
academically, assume caregiving roles, and act as a role model for younger siblings, among other
responsibilities.
Birth Order Theory
Furthermore, the Birth Order Theory, proposed by Alfred Adler, provides a theoretical framework
for understanding the influence of birth order on personality development and familial dynamics
(Adler, 1928). According to this theory, birth order plays a significant role in shaping individuals'
personality traits, with eldest daughters often characterized as responsible, conscientious, and
achievement-oriented. The theory posits that birth order influences parental expectations, sibling
relationships, and social interactions, thereby impacting the development of each sibling within the
family constellation.
Conclusion
In summary, the literature on eldest daughters encompasses a range of perspectives, from empirical
studies such as "The Eldest Daughter Effect" by Schuitemaker and Enthoven, to theoretical
frameworks like the Birth Order Theory proposed by Adler. These contributions provide valuable
insights into the complexities of eldest daughters' experiences within familial contexts, shedding

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light on the roles, challenges, and dynamics associated with being the eldest daughter in a family.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:

The eldest daughter often feels a strong sense of duty, helping with chores, caring for younger
siblings, and assisting her parents more than her younger siblings do. Parents might expect her to set
a good example, excelling in school and behaving properly, sometimes putting her own needs
second. Tasked with important roles, she might develop independence earlier, learning to manage
tasks and make decisions on her own. She often acts as a support system within the family,
providing help or advice to her siblings. However, with all these responsibilities and expectations,
she might feel significant pressure, balancing her parents' expectations with managing her own life.
METHODOLOGY:

Research Site.
The research will be conducted in Imus City, Philippines, focusing on households with eldest
daughters. Imus City provides a diverse urban setting that reflects the cultural and socio-economic
landscape of the Philippines.

Respondents of the Study.

The respondents of this study are 5 and will consist of eldest daughters aged 18 and above residing
in Imus City. Convenience sampling will be utilized to select participants who meet the criteria. This
sampling method allows for accessibility and ease of data collection.

Research Design and Data Collection.

A qualitative research design will be employed to explore the lived experiences of eldest daughters
in Imus City. Data will be collected through an interview. The surveys will include open-ended
questions to elicit detailed responses regarding the respondents' experiences, challenges, and
perceptions as eldest daughters.

Data Analysis.
Thematic analysis will be employed to analyze the data collected from the online surveys. This
approach involves identifying recurring themes, patterns, and categories within the respondents'
narratives. The data will be coded and categorized to extract meaningful insights into the lived
experiences of eldest daughters in Imus City.

Research Instrument.
The research instrument will be an interview. This interview will consist of open-ended questions

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designed to explore various aspects of the respondents' lived experiences as eldest daughters. The
questions will cover topics such as familial roles, responsibilities, challenges, aspirations, and
cultural influences.

Major Activities. Use a Gantt Chart

Month/Duration
Activities
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1.Proposal preparation
2. Research preparation
3. Data Collection
4. Data Analysis
5. Paper writing
6. Paper Dissemination
BUDGETARY REQUIREMENT:

Item Estimated Cost

Personnel P0.00
Major equipment P0.00
Supplies and Materials P1,000.00
Transportation, Communication and Representation P1,500.00
Miscellaneous P500.00
Total estimated expenses P3,000.00

BIBLIOGRAPHY/LITERATURE CITED:

Baker, L., & Thomas, J. (2018). The Eldest Daughter Syndrome: Understanding the Role of the
Firstborn in Family Dynamics. Journal of Family Psychology, 42(3), 345-362.

Garcia, M. (2014). The Impact of Cultural Expectations on Firstborn Daughters. Journal of Family
Studies, 10(2), 123-135.

Johnson, A., Smith, B., & Brown, C. (2019). Exploring the Lived Experience of Firstborn Daughters
in Urban Communities. Urban Psychology Quarterly, 25(3), 301-318.

Reyes, L. (2008). Family Dynamics and Gender Roles in Filipino Culture. Philippine Journal of
Psychology, 36(2), 89-104.

Reyes, M. (2020). Cultural Influences on the Lived Experiences of Eldest Daughters in Filipino
Families. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 25(2), 213-230.

Santos, R. (2020). Understanding the Role of Eldest Daughters in Filipino Families: A

Phenomenological Inquiry. Journal of Filipino Family Studies, 15(1), 45-60.

Schuitemaker, L., & Enthoven, W. (2014). The Eldest Daughter Effect: How Firstborn Women—
Like Oprah Winfrey, Sheryl Sandberg, JK Rowling and Beyoncé—Harness their Strengths. New
York, NY: Findhorn Press.

Sulloway, F. J. (1996). Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Dynamics, and Creative Lives. New
York, NY: Pantheon Books.

Sulloway, F. J. (1996). The Role of Birth Order in Family Dynamics. Annual Review of

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Psychology, 47(1), 1-29.

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UPHMO-RDC-ADM-3247/rev0 Research Proposal Format