Shell & TubeHeat Exchanger

Introduction
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger are popular in process industries because they occupy lese
space and offer reasónable temperature drop. The apparatus consists of fabricated shell, inside
which tubes with bafles on outer side are fitted. The present set up is a 1-2 heat exchangers
with cold water flovws through shell. Valves are provided to control the flow rates of hot and
cold water. Flow rates of hot and cold water are measured using Rota meters. A magnetic
drive pump is used to circulate the hot water from a re-cycled type water tank, which is itted
with heaters and Digital Temperature Controller.

Scopeof experimentations
The main object of the experimental setup is to study the following at various flow rates:
(i) LMTD
(iü) Heat transfer rat
(ii) Overall Heat Tránsfer Co-efficient.

Apparatus
The apparatus consists of 1-2 Parallel Flow-counter Flow Heat Exchanger. The hot fluid is hot
water which is attained fron an insulating water bath using a magnetic drive pump and in flow
through the inner tube while the cold water flowing through the annuals. The cold water passes
through the heat exchanger once and hot water passes twice. 25% cut four baffles are provided
at equal-distance in the heat exchanger. For flow measurement Rota meter are provided at inlet
of cold water and outlet of hot water line. The Hot water bath is recycled type with Digital
Temperature Controller 0 to 200°C

Specifications
1 System: water to water (1-2 shell & tube type)
2..
Saell : material stainless steel , insulated with ceramic wool and cladded with
aluminum foil, Diameter -220 mm
3
Length: 500 mm (approx.) 25% cut baffles at 100 mm distance 4 Nos.
4
Tube: ID-13 mm, OD-16 mm
5
Water flow approx., length 500 mm (24 No's)
6 measurement: Rota-meter (2 No's) one each for cold
Hot water Tank: & hot fluid.
made of stainless steel (insulated with ceramic fiber wool)
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7 Hot water circulation: magnetic pump.

8 Heaters: Nichrome wire heater 2 No's
9 Temperature controller Digital 0-200oC
10. Temperature sensors T/C Type (4 Nos.)
11. Temperature Indicator Digital 0-199.9oC and 0 to loC
Least count with multichannel switch.
12 Electric heater 230V AC 2.5 KW (2 Nos.)

Experimental Procedure

1. Put water in bath and switch on the heaters.

2. Adjust the required temperature of hot water using DTC.

3. Adjust he valve. Allow hot water to recycle in bath through by-pass by switching on the
magnetic pump.
4. Adjust the flow rate on cold water side between range of 1 to 8 L/Min.

5. Adjust the flow rate on hot water side, between the rate of 1.5 to 4 L/min.
conditions are reached.
6. Keep the flow rates same, wait till the steady state

temperatures on hot water and cold water side and also the flow rate rates
7 Record the
accurately.

the experiment with a counter flow under identical flow conditions

Repeat
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Observationt table
COLD WATER SIDE
HOT WATERSIDE Tet in °C Too in °C
S.No. Flow rate Th in °C Tho in °C Flow rate
m, kg/hr. m, kg/hr.
1

2.

Where

Thi - Temperature of Hot water input

Tho -Termperature of Hot Water Output

Te Temperature of Cold Water Input

Ton Temperature of Cold Water Output

Calculation
() Heat transfer rate, q, is calculated as
ah = Heat transfer rate from
hot water,
4,=m, Ca (T -Th) Kcal/hr
ge = Heat
transfer rate to the cold water
4-m, C, (To-T) Kcal/hr
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(Assume Cph = Cpe = 1 Kcal/kg-°C)

(i) L MTD
-Logarithmic mean temperature differonce.
The L MTD can be calculated as :

LMTD = AT,= AT-AT,

where

AT =Thi -Te for parallel flow

= Thi-Teo for counter flow

AT = Tho - Tco for parallel flow

=Tho - Tei for counter flow

Note that in a special case of Counter flow Exchanger exists when the heat capacity
rates Ce & Ch are equal, then Thi-Teo = Tho- Ta thereby making A TË=ATo. In this case
LMTD is of the form 0/0 and so undefined. But it is obvious that since AT is
constant
throughout he exohanger, hence

ATm = AT=AT,

(Acc. To ref. Fundamental of Engineering Heat Mass Transfer by R.C. Sachdeva Pg.
499.)

Overall heat transfer coefficient can be calculated by using -

g=UAAT, m

.U= AAThr-n'u

Calculated U based on Ai =n dL
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Us based on Ao =I doL

Precautions
geyser before
During the cornplete EXPERIMENTATION Open the valves of
starting it.

Take the readings after the steady stage is reached.