ENGINEERING MECHANICS (MECh01)

- The science which relates on the relationship between the externally applied loads on rigid
body
Engineering methods
1. Mechanics of Solids
2. Mechanics of Liquids
Mechanics of Solids
1. Rigid Bodies (Mech01)
2. Deformation Bodies (ES320A)

Rigid Bodies Force System

a. Force System a. Resultant
b. Application b. Equilibrium
Application
a. Trusses & Frames d. Inertia
b. Friction e. Space Force
c. Centroids & Center of Gravity
Dynamics
a. Plate Motion
b. Rectilinear Motion
c. Curvilinear Motion
FORCE- Any external agency that changes or tends to change the state of
motion (rest) of a body
FORCE SYSTEM- A group of two or more forces that act on a body or group of
related body
COPLANAR FORCE- A system of forces where the line of action lie on the same
plane
NON-COPLANAR FORCE- A system of forces where the action of the forces lie
on different planes.
CON-CURRENT FORCES- When the action line meet at a common point

PARALLEL FORCES- When the action lines are parallel

NON-CONCURRENT FORCES- When the action lines are neither concurrent nor
parallel

RIGID BODY- A definite amount of matter the parts of which are fixed in position
relative to each other
PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMISSIBILITY- The external effect of a force is the same at
all points along its line of application
ATOMS OF MECHANICS
1. PARALLELOGRAM LAW – The resultant of two forces is the diagram of the
parallelogram formed on the vectors of these forces
2. Two forces are in equilibrium only when they are equal in magnitude, opposite in
direction and collinear in action
3. A set of forces in equilibrium may be added to any system of forces without
changing the original effect of the system
4. Action and reaction forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

I. RESULTANT OF A FORCE SYSTEM

Resultant - Net effect of a system of forces that act on a body which
determines the direction through which the body will move.
FORCE AND ITS COMPONETS

II I Sinθ = Fy/F
Fx
F Fy Fy = FSinθ
θ
Cosθ = Fx/F
III IV
Fx = FSinθ
Tanθ = Fy/Fx

SIGN CONVERSION

Quadrant Fy Fx Direction

I + + Up to the right
II + - Up to the left
III - - down to the left
IV - + down to the right
SAMPLE PROBLEMS

1. Determine the x & y components of each of the forces shown:

a. Force F
Fy = 390 (12/13)
=360 lbs
13
13 Fx = −390 (5/13)
=-150 lbs
b. Force P
Py =−300 sin30°
= −150 lbs
Px =+300 cos30°
= 259.8 lbs
 c. Force T
Ty =−400 sin4°
=-27.9 lbs

Tx = −400 cos4°
= -399.03 lbs
2. Determine the x & y components of each of the forces shown:
a. Force T
Ty = 722 (3/√13)
√13
√13 = 600 lbs

√5
√5
Tx = −722(2/√13)
= - 400 lbs
b. Force P
Py = 300 sin60°
= 259.81 lbs
Px = 300 cos60°
= 150 lbs
c. Force F
Fy = −448(1/√5)
= -200.3 lbs
Fx = 448(2/√5)

= 400.7lbs
 3. The vertical & Horizontal components of several forces are:
a. Ph = -200 lb ; Pv = 100 lb
b. Fh = 300 lb ; Fv = -200 lb
c. Th = - 50 lb ; Tv = -90 lb
Determine its forces?
a. P = √(-200)² + (100)² c. T = √(50)² + (90)²
P = 223.6 lb T = 102.95 lb
Tan θ = 100/200
Tan θ = 90/50
θ = 26.56° up to the left θ = 60.94°
b. F = √(300)² + (-200)²
down to the left
F = 360.55 lb
Tan θ = 200/-300
θ = 33.7° down to the right
4. The triangular block shown is subjected to the loads P = 1600 lb and F = 60 lb. If
AB = 8” and BC = 6”, resolve each load into components normal & tangential.

Pt θ
Ft ∅ Pn
Fn
θ

Tanθ= 8/6 Pn = 1600lb sin53.13° Fn = 600lb sin36.87°

θ= 53.13° Pn = 1,279.9lb Fn= 36 lb
∅= 36.87° Pt = 1600lb cos 53.13° Ft= 600lb cos 36.87°
Pt = 960 lb Ft = 48 lb
Resultant of two or more concurrent forces
- Action line meets at a common point
Methods :
a. Graphical Method

Q
F
R1
R2
b. Algebraic Method

Q F
P
R

R = √ Ry² + Rx²
R = √ ΣFy² + ΣFx²

Ry = Py + Qy + Fy Rx = Px + Qx + Fx Tan θ = Ry/Rx
Ry = ΣFy Rx = ΣFx Tan θ = ΣFy/ ΣFx
 Sample Problems
1. Determine the resultant of the concurrent forces shown:

b. Rx = ΣFx
Rx = 300cos45° − 400cos60°− 200cos30°
Rx = - 161.1 lb
c. R = √ (ΣRy)² + (ΣFx)²
R = √ (458.51lb)² + (−161.1lb)²
R = 485.98 lb Up to the left

Tan θ = Ry/Rx
a. Ry = ΣFy Tanθ = 458.51/161.1
Ry = 300sin45°+ 400sin60° − 200sin30° θ = 70.64°
Ry = 458.51 lb
2. Determine the resultant of the concurrent forces shown:
b. Rx = ΣFx
Rx = - 4000cos38° - 5000(4/5) + 3000cos88°
Rx = - 7,047.34 lb

c. R = √ (ΣRy)² + (ΣFx)²
5
R = √ (−1,535.53lb)² + (−7,047.34)²
R = 7,212.69 lb Down to the left

Tan θ = Ry/Rx Tan θ = 1,535.53/7,047.34

a. Ry = ΣFy
θ = 12.29°
Ry = 2000lb + 4000sin38° – 5000(3/5) – 3000sin88°
Ry = - 1,535.53 lb
3. The resultant of a certain system of forces has the x & y components shown.
Determine the components of this resultant with respect to N & T axis rotated
30° counterclockwise relative to x & y axis.

Tan θ = Ry/Rx ∅ = 58° - 30°

566 lb Tan θ = 480/300 ∅ = 28°
↗58° θ = 58° RN =566 sin28°

RN = 265.72 lb
Y’
566 lb
RT = 566 cos28°
R = √ (ΣRy)² + (ΣFx)² ↗ ∅ 30°
RT = 499.75 lb
R = √ (480)² + (300)²
X’
R = 566 lb
4. Two horses on opposite banks of a canal pull a barge moving parallel to the banks
by means of two horizontal ropes. The tension on these ropes are 200 lb & 240 lb
while the angle between them is 60°, Find the resultant pull on the barge and the
angle between each of the ropes and the sides of the canal.

200 lb𝛼 𝜃 + 𝛼 = 60°

𝛼
60° R R² = (200 lb)² + (240 lb)² - 2(200) (240)cos 120°
𝜃
240 lb 𝜃
R = 381.58 lb
381.58 240 200
= sinα =
sin120° sinθ
120° 240 lb 240sin120°
200 lb sinα =
381.58

𝛼 𝜃 α = 33°
R
381.58 200
=
sin120° sinθ

200𝑠𝑖𝑛120°
sinθ =
381.58

θ = 27°

θ + α = 60°
θ + 33° = 60°
θ = 27.°
MOMENT OF A FORCE
- The ability of a force to produce twisting or rotational effect.

Symbolically:
M=F●d
F – magnitude of the force
d – Perpendicular distance from the line of action of the forces to the moment center;
also known as moment
M – Moment of a force
– Also define as twice the area of the triangle formed by joining the ends of a force
the moment center

F 1
A= Fd
2
d
● 2A = F d = M
Moment Center
M = 2A
PRINCIPLES OF MOMENT (Varignon’s Theorem)
- The moment of a force is equal to the algebraic sum of the moments of its components.

Sign Conversion :

Clockwise (Positive)

Counterclockwise (Negative)

FY
Application: MO = Fx ● y - Fy ● x
FY x A
FY FX
Intercepts:
FX FX y
iY
MO = FX ● iy MO = Fy ● ix
iX O

MO MO
iy = ix =
Fx Fy
1. Assuming clockwise moments as positive, compute the moment of a force F=450 lb
and of force P =361 about joint A, B, C, & D
Fy
F MC = 450 (3/5) 5
FX
5 = 1,350 ft.lb
3
MD = 450 (4/5) 3 – 450 (3/5) 1
4
2 = 810 ft.lb
3 Force P
√13
MA = 361(3/√13) 2 – 361(2/√13) 3 = 0
PX
P
MB = -361 (3/√13) 1
Py
Force F = - 300 ft.lb
MA = -450 (3/5) 5 Mc = -361 (3/√13) 4

= - 1,350 ft.lb = - 1,200 ft.lb

MB = 450 (4/5)6 MD = 361 (3/√13) 4

= 2,160 ft.lb = 1,200 ft.lb

2. Find the y coordinate of point A so that the 361lb force will have a clockwise
moment of 400 ft-lb about o, also determine the X & Y intercepts of the action line
of the forces?

Fy √13 MO = 400 ft-lb

↑●→ FX
MO = Fx ● yA - Fy ● xA
FY A
yA =?
↑●→↑●→
FY F 400ft-lb = 300lb ● yA
F i
X Y
X - (200lb) (2ft)
Xi
yA = 2.67 ft

MO
iy = MO ix =
Fx Fy
FY = 361 (2/√13)
iy = 400 ft−lb 400 ft−lb
= 200lb 300lb ix = 200lb
FX = 361 (3/√13)
iy = 1.33 ft Above o iy = 2 ft Left of o
= 300lb
3. A force P is passing through points A & B has a clockwise moment of 300 ft-lb
about O. Compute the value of P?

MO = 300 ft-lb

MO = PX ● 3ft
300 ft-lb = PX (3)
→
↓P
P X
PX = 100 lb
PX
Y
→
↓P MO = PY ● 6ft
Y
300 ft-lb = PY (6ft)
PY = 50 lb

P = √(PY )² + (PX )²
P = √(100 )² + (50)²
P = 111.8 lb
4. In the figure shown, the moment of a certain force F is 180 ft-lb clockwise about
point O and 90 ft-lb counterclockwise about point B. If its moment about point A is
zero, determine the force?
Solve for force F FY
MO = FX ● 3ft Tan θ =
Fx
180 ft-lb = FX (3ft)
45
FX = 60 lb Tan θ =
↓→
FX 60
F Y
MB = FX (3ft)- FY (6ft) θ = 36.87°
-90 ft-lb = (60lb) (3ft) - FY (6ft)
FY = 45 lb
MO = 180 ft-lb F = √(FY )² + (FX )²
MB = -90 ft-lb
F = √(45 )² + (60)²
MA = 0
F = 75 lb
5. Two forces P and Q pass through a point A which is 4m to the right and 3m above
moment center O. Force P is 200N directed up to the right at 30° with the
horizontal and force Q is 100N directed up to the left at 60° with the horizontal.
Determine the moment of the resultant of these two forces with respect to O?
QY

Q = 100N PY
P = 200N

Qx 60° 30° Px

MO = PX (y) - PY (x) - QY (x) - QX (y)

MO = 200cos30° (3m) - 200sin30° (4m) - 100sin60° (4m) - 100cos60°(3m)

MO = -376 ft-lb
6. A force P intersects the x-axis at 4ft to the right of O. If its moment about A is 170
ft-lb counter clockwise and its moment about B is 40 ft-lb clockwise. Determine the
force and its y intercept?

MB = PY ● 2ft
40 ft-lb = PY ● 2ft
PY PY = 20 lb

PY
↑→
iY P X MA = -PY(4ft)- PX (3ft)
↑●→ PX
-170 ft-lb = 20lb (4ft) - PX (3ft)
PX = 30 lb
Given: MA = 170 ft-lb P = √(PY )² + (PX )²
MB = 40 ft-lb P = √(20 )² + (30)²
iy = ? P = 36.1 lb
 PY
Tan θ = Mo = -PX ● iY
Px
20 MO
Tan θ = iY =
30 Px
θ = 33.6° −80 ft − lb
iY =
−30
Mo = -PY ● x
iY = 2.67 ft Below point O
Mo = (-20lb) (4ft)
Mo = -80 ft-lb