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11 views11 pages

Sec 2

Uploaded by

mohyahmad52
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Modeling & Simulation

Section 2
How Users Interact with Simulations
(Hint: Explain the LVC taxonomy with figures and examples)

Live simulations involve real people operating real system.


For example: a pilot flying a jet.
Virtual simulations involve real people operating simulated system.
For example: a pilot flying a simulated jet.
Constructive simulations involve simulated people operating simulated
system.
For example: a simulated pilot flying a simulated jet.
When the LVC taxonomy was created, there were no examples of a
simulated people operates real system.
However, technology has advanced to the point where simulated humans
are operating real systems.
For example: driverless cars
The Life Cycle Process
Establish Purpose and Scope: Every simulation shall have a purpose/objective
or a statement of the problem. The statement of the problem is what the
client wants to answer with the simulation. And it must be clearly understood
by the analyst.
For Example: Managers of a gas station are considering restricting vans and
light trucks to specific lanes, to improve the flow of vehicles.

Formulate the Conceptual Model: The conceptual model is an


abstraction of the real-world system under investigation. It describes
what is to be represented.
For Example: A simple representation of attendant behavior in gas
station. The Assumption about the importance of road geometry,
weather conditions and vehicle dynamic.
HINT

Simulation Plan: is a document that includes the specification,


design, and implementation of the simulation. It documents how you
are going to run the simulation project by itself

Conceptual Model: is an abstraction of the real-world system


under investigation. It helps to describe the concept behind
the system for non-experts.
Acquire and Analyze Data: Analysts must decide what data is
needed, how to gather data and how to use it.
For Example: How many vehicles will come at the gas station?
The collected data need to answer questions like this

Develop Simulation Model and Program: In this step, the


conceptual model is coded into a computer form, an
operational model. The analyst selects the simulation
methodology and computer implementation.
For Example: Discrete Event Methodology, and programming
language like JAVA or simulation language like MATLAB.
Verify and Validate the Model and Simulation: This step occurs
at every step of the process. Verification is often summarized
as "Did we build the model right?", and Validation is often
summarized as "Did we build the right model?".

For Example: To verify the model the analyst would ensure


that the managers understand the purpose of the model. And
to validate, the analyst would execute the simulation to see
how accurate it is to the real world.
HINT:

Verification: is the process of determining that a model or


simulation implementation and its associated data accurately
represent the developer’s conceptual description and
specifications. It is often summarized as
“Did we build the model right?”

Validation: is the process of determining the degree to which


a model or simulation and its associated data are an accurate
representation of the real world. It is often summarized as
“Did we build the right model?”
Design Experiments: For each scenario that is to be simulated,
decisions need to be made concerning the length of the
simulation run, the number of runs (also called replications),
and the manner of initialization that is required.
For Example: A set of experiments an analyst might run for
the gas station management would be to vary the number of
vehicles that come into the station.

Execute Simulation and Analyze Output: The final runs are


known as production runs. They are used to estimate
measures of performance (MOP) for the scenarios that are
being simulated.
For Example: you may define one scenario to look at the
behavior of the gas station when the attendants are /aren't
attentive to customers.
Configuration Control: The operational model (program)
should be released frequently after each modification in it. It
is being released each time with different configuration id to
distinct each release. This practice is known as "Configuration
Control"

Develop Documentation: Documentation is a very important


part of the simulation process. If the simulation model is going
to be used again by the same or different analysts, it may be
necessary to understand how the simulation model operates.
For Example: Final report that delivered to the managers.
In your opinion, which one of the steps in the Modeling and
Simulation Life Cycle Process do you consider to be the most
important? Explain and give a reason about your choice.

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