Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

Department of Computing

DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Table of Contents
Principle of analytic Graphics ....................................................................................................................... 1
Activities ....................................................................................................................................................... 2
Activity 01: Line Chart ............................................................................................................................. 2
Activity 02: Scatter Plot ............................................................................................................................ 3
Activity 3: Using Data in MS Excel ......................................................................................................... 4
Activity 4: Histogram ............................................................................................................................... 6
Activity 5(i): Bubble Chart ....................................................................................................................... 7
Activity 5(ii).............................................................................................................................................. 8
Activity 6: Emulating ggplot..................................................................................................................... 9
Activity 7: Multiple Subplots ................................................................................................................... 10
Activity 8: Exporting Plots ..................................................................................................................... 11
Activity 9(i): Bar Chart ........................................................................................................................... 12
Activity 9 (ii): Differentiate between the networks by applying different colors ................................... 13
Activity 10: Scatter Chart with trend line (Using Plotly Express) .......................................................... 13
Activity 11: Scatter Chart with multiple subplot (Using Plotly Express) ............................................... 14
Activity 12: Animated Chart ................................................................................................................... 15
Activity 13: Map ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Activity 14: Map with geopandas library ............................................................................................... 17
 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Principle of analytic Graphics

 Principle 1: Show Comparisons

 Principle 2: Show causality, mechanism, explanation, systemic structure
 Principle 3: Show Multivariate data
 Principle 4: Integration of evidence
 Principle 5: Describe & document the evidence with appropriate labels, scales,
sources etc.
 Principle 6: Content is king

 A common visualization library in python is the matplotlib.You need to import matplotlib

before you start it in python
 If matplotlib and pandas libraries are not available. Please install it, you can refer the
below link for your reference.
(Link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDqcGxo_4WQ )

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activities

Activity 01: Line Chart

Enter the below codes and check the output

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

year = [1950, 1970, 1990, 2010]

pop = [2.519, 3.692, 5.263, 6.972]

plt.plot(year, pop)
plt.show()

Output:

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 02: Scatter Plot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [5, 7, 8, 7, 2, 17, 2, 9, 4, 11, 12, 9, 6]

y = [99, 86, 87, 88, 100, 86, 103, 87, 94, 78, 77, 85, 86]

plt.scatter(x, y, c="blue")

# To show the plot

plt.show()

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Activity 3: Using Data in MS Excel

Note:Install openpyxl library
Create a sample data using MS Excel sheet. Then type the code and check the output.

Country Female Literacy Fertility Population

Afghanistan 53% 1.8 50
Albania 42% 2.4 100
Algeria 57% 3.3 150
Andorra 61% 3.5 200
Angola 41% 1.8 250
Anguilla 44% 2.1 300
Antigua and Barbuda 48% 1.7 350
Argentina 62% 3.2 50
Armenia 28% 2.2 100
Australia 35% 1.7 150
Austria 45% 1.8 200
Azerbaijan 48% 2.4 250
Bahamas 25% 3.3 300
Bahrain 56% 3.5 350
Bangladesh 24% 1.8 50
Barbados 51% 2.2 100
Chad 57% 1.8 150
Chile 42% 2.4 200
China 57% 3.3 250
Colombia 61% 3.5 300
Comoros 41% 1.8 350
Congo 44% 2.2 200
Cook Islands 28% 1.7 250
Costa Rica 35% 1.8 300
Côte d'Ivoire 45% 2.4 150
Croatia 48% 3.3 200
Cuba 25% 3.5 250
Cyprus 56% 1.8 300
Czechia 24% 2.2 350
Denmark 35% 2.4 150
Djibouti 45% 1.7 200
Dominica 48% 3.2 250
Dominican Republic 25% 2.2 450
Ecuador 56% 1.7 350
Egypt 35% 1.8 400
El Salvador 45% 2.4 120
Equatorial Guinea 48% 3.3 350
Eritrea 25% 3.5 150
Estonia 56% 1.8 200
Eswatini 45% 2.2 250
Ethiopia 48% 1.8 100
Fiji 25% 2.4 300
Finland 56% 3.3 350
France 24% 3.5 150
Gabon 35% 1.8 200
Gambia 45% 2.4 250
Georgia 48% 3.3 300
Germany 25% 3.5 120
Ghana 56% 1.8 150
Greece 35% 2.2 200
Grenada 45% 1.8 250
Guatemala 48% 2.2 300
Guinea 25% 1.8 300
Guinea-Bissau 56% 2.4 350
Guyana 24% 1.8 150
Haiti 35% 2.4 200
Holy See 45% 3.3 200
Honduras 48% 3.5 300
Hungary 25% 1.8 120
Iceland 56% 2.2 400
India 35% 1.8 420

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import pandas as pd
#Change the location of the Excel file according to yours
data = pd. ExcelFile('C:\\Users\\HpUser\\Downloads\population_literacy.xlsx')
population_literacy = data.parse('Sheet1')
# Rename coLumns to remove white spaces and inconsistent copitoLization

population_literacy.rename(columns={'Country ': 'Country', 'Continent':'Continent',

'female literacy' : 'Female Literacy','fertility': 'Fertility', 'population': 'Population'}, inplace=True)

plt.scatter(population_literacy['Female Literacy'], population_literacy['Fertility'])

plt.show()

Output

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 4: Histogram

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import pandas as pd
#Change the location of the Excel file according to yours
data = pd. ExcelFile('C:\\Users\\Hp User\\Downloads\population_literacy.xlsx')
population_literacy = data.parse('Sheet1')
# Rename coLumns to remove white spaces and inconsistent copitoLization
population_literacy.rename(columns={'Country ': 'Country', 'Continent':'Continent',
'female literacy' : 'Female Literacy','fertility': 'Fertility', 'population': 'Population'}, inplace=True)
#plt.scatter(population_literacy['Female Literacy'],population_literacy['Fertility'])

# FiLL missing vaLues in PopuLation column with the median vaLue.

population_literacy['Population'] =
population_literacy['Population'].fillna(population_literacy['Population'].median())
plt.hist(population_literacy['Population'], bins=5)
plt.show()

Output

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 5(i): Bubble Chart

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import pandas as pd
#Change the location of the Excel file according to yours
data = pd. ExcelFile('C:\\Users\\Hp User\\Downloads\population_literacy.xlsx')
population_literacy = data.parse('Sheet1')
# Rename coLumns to remove white spaces and inconsistent copitoLization
population_literacy.rename(columns={'Country ': 'Country', 'Continent':'Continent',
'female literacy' : 'Female Literacy','fertility': 'Fertility', 'population': 'Population'}, inplace=True)
plt.scatter(population_literacy['Female Literacy'],population_literacy['Fertility'],
s= population_literacy['Fertility'] ** 3,marker='o',c=population_literacy['Fertility'])

plt.show()

Output

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 5(ii)

Change the marker to marker='x' and check the output

Output

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 6: Emulating ggplot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import pandas as pd

#Emulate ggplot
plt.style.use('ggplot')
#Change the location of the Excel file according to yours
data = pd. ExcelFile('C:\\Users\\HpUser\\Downloads\population_literacy.xlsx')
population_literacy = data.parse('Sheet1')

plt.scatter(population_literacy['Female Literacy'],population_literacy['Fertility'],
s= population_literacy['Fertility'] ** 4,marker='o',c=population_literacy['Fertility'])

#add Title
plt.title('Female Literacy vs. Fertility')

#Add x axis label

plt.xlabel('Literacy')

#add y axis label

plt.ylabel('# of Children')

plt.show()

Output

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 7: Multiple Subplots

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import pandas as pd

year = [1950, 1970, 1990, 2010]

pop = [2.519, 3.692, 5.263, 6.972]
#Change the location of the Excel file according to yours
data = pd. ExcelFile('C:\\Users\\Hp User\\Downloads\population_literacy.xlsx')
population_literacy = data.parse('Sheet1')
#Create figure and array ox containing the subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)
# Access the first subplot: upper Left
plt.subplot(2,2,1)
plt.plot(year, pop)
# Access the second subpLot: upper right
plt.subplot(2,2,2)
plt.scatter(population_literacy['Female Literacy'],population_literacy['Fertility'])
# Access the third subpLot: Lower Left
plt.subplot(2,2,3)
plt.hist(population_literacy['Population'], bins=5)
# Access the fourth subpLot: Lower right
plt.subplot(2,2,4)
plt.scatter(population_literacy['Female Literacy'], population_literacy['Fertility'],
s =population_literacy['Fertility'] ** 3, marker='o', c=population_literacy['Fertility'])
plt.show()

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 8: Exporting Plots

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import pandas as pd

year = [1950, 1970, 1990, 2010]

pop = [2.519, 3.692, 5.263, 6.972]
#Change the location of the Excel file according to yours
data = pd. ExcelFile('C:\\Users\\Hp User\\Downloads\population_literacy.xlsx')
population_literacy = data.parse('Sheet1')
#Create figure and array ox containing the subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)
# Access the first subplot: upper Left
plt.subplot(2,2,1)
plt.plot(year, pop)
# Access the second subpLot: upper right
plt.subplot(2,2,2)
plt.scatter(population_literacy['Female Literacy'],population_literacy['Fertility'])
# Access the third subpLot: Lower Left
plt.subplot(2,2,3)
plt.hist(population_literacy['Population'], bins=5)
# Access the fourth subpLot: Lower right
plt.subplot(2,2,4)
plt.scatter(population_literacy['Female Literacy'], population_literacy['Fertility'],
s =population_literacy['Fertility'] ** 3, marker='o', c=population_literacy['Fertility'])
plt.savefig('D:\\subplot.png')
plt.show()

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 9(i): Bar Chart

import pandas as pd
import plotly.express as px
#Change the location of the CSV file according to yours
Phone_Data=pd.read_csv('C:\\Users\\Hp User\\Downloads\Phone_Data.csv' )
# Get total duration for each network
total_duration_by_network=Phone_Data.groupby('network')['duration'].sum()
#Convert Series into Dataframe as required by Plotly Express
total_duration_by_network=total_duration_by_network.to_frame('duration').reset_index()

bar_chart =px.bar(total_duration_by_network.reset_index(),x="network",y="duration")
bar_chart.show()

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 9 (ii): Differentiate between the networks by applying different colors

import pandas as pd
import plotly.express as px
Phone_Data=pd.read_csv('C:\\Users\\Hp User\\Downloads\Phone_Data.csv' )
#Change the location of the CSV file according to yours
# Get total duration for each network
total_duration_by_network=Phone_Data.groupby('network')['duration'].sum()
#Convert Series into Dataframe as required by Plotly Express
total_duration_by_network=total_duration_by_network.to_frame('duration').reset_index()

bar_chart
=px.bar(total_duration_by_network.reset_index(),x="network",y="duration",color="network")
bar_chart.show()

Activity 10: Scatter Chart with trend line (Using Plotly Express)

Scatter plots support linear and non-linear trend lines.

import plotly.express as px

df = px.data.tips()
fig = px.scatter(df, x="total_bill", y="tip", trendline="ols")
fig.show()

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Activity 11: Scatter Chart with multiple subplot (Using Plotly Express)

Can easily plot scatter chart using Plotly Express. You can easily create multiple subplots in a
very intuitive manner directly from the scatter function.

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.tips()
fig = px.scatter(df, x="total_bill", y="tip", color="smoker",
facet_col="sex", facet_row="time")
fig.show()

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 12: Animated Chart

import plotly.express as px

df = px.data.gapminder()

fig = px.bar(df, x="continent", y="pop", color="continent",

animation_frame="year", animation_group="country", range_y=[0,4000000000])
fig.show()

Please click this to

Animated Chart_1.wmv see the animation

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 13: Map

Generate a map from a preloaded dataset in Plotly Express. Use the data function
to load gapminder dataset. Gapminder is a dataset about life expectancies across all
the countries in the world.

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.gapminder().query("year==2007")
fig = px.scatter_geo(df, locations="iso_alpha", color="continent",
hover_name="country", size="pop",
projection="natural earth")
fig.show()

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 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB

Activity 14: Map with geopandas library

Generate a map from a preloaded dataset in Plotly Express. Use the data function
to load geojson dataset.

Note:Install geopandas library

import plotly.express as px
import geopandas as gpd

df = px.data.election()
geo_df = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(
px.data.election_geojson()["features"]
).merge(df, on="district").set_index("district")

fig = px.choropleth(geo_df,
geojson=geo_df.geometry,
locations=geo_df.index,
color="Joly",
projection="mercator")
fig.update_geos(fitbounds="locations", visible=False)
fig.show()

Output:

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