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Week 3 Arrays

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13 views

Week 3 Arrays

Uploaded by

ramezbasel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ICPC O6U Community

Week 3

Arrays
Arrays
● If we want to store data we use variables. But if we want
to store a lot of data, we will need to create a lot
variables to store it and this is not always effective.

● For example, suppose we have 1,000 students and we


want to store each student's degree. Now, if we create a
variable for each student, we’ll need 1,000 variables,
and that's hard to do, we can use a container which is
called an array.
Arrays
● What is an array?
Array is a collection of similar data stored at contiguous
memory locations and elements can be accessed randomly
using indices of an array.
Arrays
● An array is a container used to store multiple data in a
single variable, instead of declaring separate variables
for each data.

● Declaring Arrays:

DataType ArrayName[Number of elements] ;


ex: int x[5];
Here we create an array called x with size 5 of type int.
Arrays
● Initializing Arrays:
1. int x[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
2. int x[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // size is number of elements

● When we declare an array, it contains garbage values until we


initialize it.
int x[5] = {3};
Here, the first element in the array will be set to 3 and the rest
will be 0 by default.
int x[5] = {};
Here, all elements in the array will be set to 0.
Arrays
●
Arrays
● Accessing the values of an array:
We can access elements in an array by calling its name then
[Index] while the index refers to the location you want to access.
Array_Name[Index];
Arrays
● Accessing the elements of an array using loops:
Problems
1. Write a program to take an array of size N from user and number X
then check if X exists in the array or not.

2. Write a program to take an array of size N from user then if the


number is even change its value to 0 otherwise change it to 1 then
print the array.

3. Write a program to take an array of characters of size N from user,


reverse it and print it.

4. Write a program to take an array of characters of size N from user


then convert every character that is uppercase to lowercase and
vice versa.
Multidimensional Arrays
● Now If we want to represent a chess board we would
have to create 8 arrays of size 8.

● But if we want to make a 250 * 250 board, it would be


difficult to be done with a 1D array, so it will be easy if
we create a 2 dimensional array (Matrix).
Multidimensional Arrays
● Multidimensional Array (Matrix) 2D:
Matrix is an array that consists of more than one row and
column. In a 2-D array each element is referred by two
indices.
Multidimensional Arrays
● Declaring a 2D array.

Data_Type Array_Name[number of rows][number of columns];

int x[5][6];

Here, the compiler has reserved a place in the memory to store


a matrix of 5 rows and 6 columns of type int called x.
Multidimensional Arrays
● Initializing 2D Arrays:
1. int matrix[2][3] = {2, 4, 5, 9, 0, 19};
2. int matrix[2][3] = {{2, 4, 5}, {9, 0, 19}};
Multidimensional Arrays
● Accessing the elements of a matrix:

Array_Name[Row_Index ][Column_Index ]
Multidimensional Arrays
◆ Accessing the elements of a matrix using loops:
- Here, we have used a
nested for loop to access
the matrix elements.

1 - The outer loop accesses the


first three rows of the array.

2- The inner loop accesses the


first 2 columns of the array.
Problems
1. Write a program to take a 2D array from user and print the largest and
smallest number in each row.

2. Write a program that takes a 2D array of integers of size (N x N) from user and
print the summation of even numbers in each row and the summation of odd
numbers in each row

3. Write a program to print this 2D array of char of size N * N


if N = 7, so the 2D array is: *******
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
*******
Notes
● What is a subarray?
- A subarray is a contiguous part
of an array (consecutive positions).

ex: The sub-arrays of the array {1,2,3}


are {1}, {1,2}, {1,2,3}, {2}, {2,3} and {3}.

● For any array of size n, there are


n * (n + 1) / 2 non-empty subarrays.
Notes
● What is a subsequence?
- A subsequence is a sequence that can be derived from
another sequence by deleting zero or more elements without
changing the order of the remaining elements.

● ex: subsequences of {1,2,3,4} are {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {1,4},
{2,3}, {2,4}, {3,4}, {1,2,3}, {1,2,4}, {1,3,4}, {2,3,4}, {1,2,3,4}.

● More generally, we can say that for a sequence of size n, we have


(2 ^ n - 1) non-empty sub-sequences in total.
Notes
●
Arrays

● Try to solve all the problems. If you are stuck in a


problem, ask for a hint on the Facebook group

Facebook Group

Sheets

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