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ETL Reported Speech Presentation

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16 views13 pages

ETL Reported Speech Presentation

Uploaded by

Aline Aline
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REPORTED SPEECH

STATEMENTS, QUESTIONS, COMMANDS & SPEECH ACTS

He said... They said...

She said...
CONTENTS
1 Defining Reported Speech 4 Reported Requests & Commands

2 Reported Statements 5 Reported Speech Acts

3 Reported Questions 6 Reporting Verb


Defining Reported Speech

Reported speech, also known as indirect


speech, is the process of paraphrasing or
reporting someone else's words.
It allows us to relay information from one
person to another while making appropriate
changes in tenses, pronouns, and time
expressions.
Reported Statements

When reporting statements, we need to shift


the tense back in time (Backshifting). For
example, present simple changes to past
simple, present continuous to past
continuous, etc.
Pronouns and place and time references
may also need to change.
If the message of the reported statement is
still valid at the moment of reporting it, then
there is no backshifting.
I'm travelling to Italy tomorrow.

On the same day:


She says she is travelling to Italy
tomorrow.
After the day:
She said she was travelling to
Italy the following/next day.
Reported Questions

In reported questions, we transform the


question into an affirmative sentence and
use a reporting verb like "ask" or "inquire."
We use the conjunction "if" or "whether"
when reporting yes/no questions.
Are you coming to the party? What are you bringing?

Yes/No question:
He asked (me) if I was coming to
the party.
Wh-question:
He asked (me) what I was
bringing (to the party).
Reported Requests & Commands

Commands, also known as imperatives, can


be reported using reporting verbs like "tell"
or "order" followed by an infinitive verb.
Requests, on the other hand, are usually
reported using verbs like "ask" and an
infinitive verb.
Commands and requests are speech acts.
We will learn more about reporting Speech
Acts on the following slides.
Call me when you get home. Don't stay out late.

Request:
She asked me to call her when I
get home.*
Command:
She told me not to stay out late.
*Only the main verb changes in complex sentences (NOT: when I got home).
Reported Speech Acts

Speech acts refer to the function of an


utterance, such as making a request, giving
advice, or making an apology.
In reported speech acts, we report the
illocutionary force* of the original utterance
while maintaining the intended meaning.

*The locutionary act refers to the literal or surface meaning of an utterance.


*The illocutionary act refers to the intended function or force behind the
utterance, which conveys the speaker's intention.
Why don't you try the new restaurant?

Reported locutionary act:


He asked (me) why I didn't try the
new restaurant.
Reported illocutionary act:
He suggested I try the new
restaurant.
Reporting Verbs

Reporting verbs are verbs used to introduce


reported speech and speech acts in the
narrative.
They serve as linguistic cues to signal the
type of reported speech or the attitude of
the reporting speaker toward the reported
content.
REPORTING VERBS PATTERNS

V + THAT-CLAUSE V + TO-INFINITIVE V + GERUND


Admit* Explain Agree* Admit (to)*
Agree* Mention* Claim* Deny
Announce Point out Demand* Mention*
Argue Promise* Offer Suggest*
Claim* Say Promise*
Complain State Refuse V + PREP + GERUND
Demand* Suggest* Threaten Apologise for
Insist on
V + O + THAT-CLAUSE V + O + TO-INFINITIVE Object to
Assure Beg Argue about
Inform Encourage
Notify Invite V + O + PREP + GERUND
Tell Order Accuse of
Reassure Remind* Congratulate on
Remind* Tell* Praise for
Warn* Warn* Thank for

V = Verb - O = Object - Prep = Preposition


*some reporting verbs can have multiple complementation patterns

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