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Science
Quarter 2 – Module 7
Electric Motors and Generators

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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Lesson

1 Electric Motor

What’s New

Activity 1: ELECTRIC MOTOR

Objectives: After performing the activity you should be able to:

1. Describe the interaction between magnetic field of the permanent
magnet and the magnetic field due to the current in the conductor.
2. Identify the form of energy in electric motor and observe how it work
Instructions:
1.Analyse the figure below and familiarized the parts and its function
2. Answer the guide questions in your activity answer sheet

Dry cell
Paper clip Copper wire

Coil of wire Neodymium

magnets
Styrofoam http://ideas-inspire.com/simple-electric- motor/

Figure 2. A sample electric motor model using neodymium magnets.

Questions:
1. Is the coil an electromagnet? Yes or No?
2. What happens to the shaped wire once positioned over the battery’s positive
terminal and with both wire ends curled loosely touching the magnets?

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3. Is it possible to make the motor turn in the opposite direction? Yes/No, If yes,
how?
4. What type of energy is input to the motor?
5. What type of energy is output from the motor?

What is It
Electric Motors

What is an electric motor? How does it work? An electric motor is a common

type of machine that is largely present in the machines that you have in your house.
For example, the electric motor used in an electric fan converse electrical energy to
mechanical energy. Recall that a generator converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy. Therefore, an electric motor does the opposite of what a generator does.

The electric motor has parts which include

the armature (consists of loops or wire), brushes,
split-ring commutator, axle, permanent magnets
and an external source of current. Its construction
is similar to a generator. However, instead of
producing current through the rotation of the
armature between permanent magnets, a current is
provided to the armature by an external source. The
commutator reverses the current in the coil each
time the coil rotates through a half turn. The parts
Figure 3: Electric Motor of the wire that brush against the commutator are
made from pieces of graphite (carbon) or metal. The magnetic forces acting on the
current-carrying loop produce a torque that causes it to rotate. With the use of the
commutator and the electric current that flows through the circuit, the coil will rotate
continually in the same direction.

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 PARTS OF BASIC DC MOTOR:

Figure 4: Basic DC MotorField: The magnetic field helps producing torque on the rotating armature
coil by virtue of Fleming’s left hand rule.

What’s More

Activity 2: My Model of Electric Motor…….

Objectives: after performing this simple task you are able to
1. Create a model of electric motor and
2. Extending Inquiry of Model and try to look for other ways to demonstrate the same
effect by an electromagnetic force
Procedures:
1. Draw your own electric motor model using the following figures in your activity answer sheet

3 pieces of neodymium magnets 2 pieces paper clips

1 dry cell +
_ Coil of wire 2 lengths of copper wire

2. Connect all the figures to each other and label every parts of your electric motor
Observation guide questions: Write your answer in your activity answer sheet
1. What other observations have you made regarding your electric motor model?
2. What will happen if the number of neodymium magnets used in the model is reduced?
Increased?

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 What I Have Learned
Activity 3: Find Me!

Objective: after performing this simple activity you should be able to:

1. Identify the different parts of electric motor

Direction:

1. Analyze the word puzzle and find the name of the parts of electric motor in the
puzzle including the name of device, there are five of them, find them in any
order
2. Write the word being form from the puzzle in your activity answer sheet

R Y A C O P P E R W I R E
K M M O T O R D V J M L L
C A A E E L E C T R I C E
P M G A G L A T F E R V C
Q B N X U I M A W Q E R Y
E N E O D Y M I U M D F M
R A T G U L E A S F A E A
K M J B A T T E R Y M L L

What I Can Do

Activity 4: ‘’I can identify and explain the operation of motor’’

Direction: Copy the table data below in your activity answer sheet and fill up column 1
and 2.
Example: Electric hand drill it has magnet and connecting wire it will function if
connected to the outlet of AC source- The transformation of energy is Electrical to
Mechanical energy
List some of devices found at home What I can say on the operation of a simple motor
1.
2.
3.

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 Assessment

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Why does a compass always point north?
A. All magnets have a north and south pole
B. Earth’s south pole does not have a magnetic pull
C. Earth is a magnet and it attracts all metallic object towards the north
D. The needle is a magnet and it aligns itself with the Earth’s magnetic fields
2. A motor will make electrical energy change into.
A. Motion energy
B. Chemical energy
C. Mechanical energy
D. Nothing
3. What would you call a nail that can pick up a paperclip because it is touching a
magnet?
A. Poles
B. Force
C. Detector
D. Temporary Magnet
4. What is formed when a wire in an electric circuit is wrapped around an iron core
producing a magnetic field?
A. Magnet
B. Generator
C. Electric motor
D. Electromagnet
5. Magnets have a north and a south ______ .
A. color
B. pole
C. region
D. shape
6. Electric motors are devices that convert _______ energy into ______ energy.
A. electrical; mechanical
B. mechanical; electrical
C. chemical; potential
D. mechanical; kinetic
7. When two magnets attract, they _______ .
A. Push Apart
B. Get Colder
C. Pull Together
D. Change Color
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8. What two forces are required for generators and electric motors to work?
A. electricity and thermal
B. magnetism and radiant
C. magnetism and thermal
D. electricity and magnetism
9. What is magnetism?
A. a contact force
B. energy created by magnets
C. a force created by magnets
D. an invisible force that attracts electrically charged particles
10. What word best fits this definition: A device which converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy usually through the rotation of an electromagnet in the field of
stationary magnet.
A. motor
B. system
C. armature
D. electromagnet
11. Opposite poles ____.
A. attract
B. push away
C. are balanced
D. transfer electrons
12. The rotating part of a motor.
A. Brush
B. system
C. armature
D. electromagnet
13. A magnet’s magnetic field exists ___.
A. on both poles
B. only on the north pole
C. only on the south pole
D. around the entire magnet
14. What is the part of a simple D.C motor that reverses the direction of current
through the coil every half-cycle
A. slip rings
B. the brushes
C. the armature
D. the commutator
15. The contacts between the armature and the source of power in a motor.
A. brushes
B. force field
C. ferromagnetic
D. electromagnet

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 Lesson
Generators
2
A generator is a device that converts motive power (mechanical energy) into electrical
energy. This are any machine that converts mechanical energy to electricity for transmission and
distribution over power lines to domestic, commercial and industrial customers. It also produces
the electrical power required for automobiles, aircraft, ships and trains.

What’s New

Activity 1: Match Me!

Objective: after performing this simple activity you should be able to:
1. Familiar some devices that are useful and related to generator
Procedures:
1. Read the description in column A and match with column B.
2. Write letter only for your answer in your activity answer sheet.
Column A Column B
1. Device used for detecting and indicating A. Ammeter
An electric current B. Voltmeter
2. Device that converts motive power C. Generator
(mechanical energy) into electrical power D. Galvanometer
3. Instrument used for measuring electric
Potential differences between two points in an
electric circuit
4. Instrument used to measure the current in a circuit

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 What is It

Why do some big establishments like malls, hospitals and company offices have lights
even in the absence of electric power or occurrence of power failure? They have devices
called electric generators. An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical
energy to electrical energy by applying the principle of electromagnetic induction.
An induced current is produces in
an electric current is produced in an electric
generator by rotating a wound coil (called
armature) in a stationary magnetic field.
Circular metal conductors called slip rings
are connected to the ends of the armature

Figure 5: A Simple Generator so that they rotate with it. The induced
electric current is delivered to an external
circuit through the slip rings by stationary
brushes.
Generators may be classified as an
AC (Alternating Current) generator or a DC
(Direct Current) generator. Both or these
generators work in the same fundamental
principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
Figure 6: Generator
induction. In an AC generator, when the loop
of wire rotates in a magnetic field, there is a change in the number of magnetic field lines
within the loop. The number of magnetic field lines that the loop encloses varies from a
maximum to a minimum, then back to a maximum again. As this happens, the changing
strength of the magnetic field through the wire induces a voltage that generates electric
current. The induced voltage initially causes a current moving on a direction along the
wire.
As the loop of wire rotates through 180 o, the induced voltage reverse and
consequently reverses the direction of the current. The direction of the induced current
reverses every half revolution of the wire (after every 180 o turn of the loop of wire). This
causes the formation of AC. The slip rings always keep the wire connected to the same
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 side of the electric circuit. This mechanism causes the direction of the current to
alternately change its direction in the circuit.
A DC generator is almost the
same as an AC generator except that
the slip rings connected to the rotating
loop of wire or armature are replaced
by split rings or commutators. Each half
of the split ring is connected to one end

Figure 7: As the loop of wire rotates, induced voltage of the loop or armature terminals.
reverses resulting in an alternating current.

The current induced in the armature is still an alternating current but the split
ring makes the current flow into the external circuit in one direction. A steadier flow of the
induced current is produced by using many loops of wire wound on the armature halves.
The two brushes are always in contact with successive pairs of commutator halves.
The two brushes keep the split ring’s surface clean, smooth, and protected by a
fil of carbon that helps maintain intimate contact throughout the operation of the
generator.

Figure 8: the pair of split rings called commutator in

Figure 9: Shows the difference and
a DC generator is fixed and alternately contacts with
similarity between a DC generator and
the opposite sides of the coil carrying current from
an AC generator or AC alternator
the armature. This makes the current flow in only
one direction.

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 What’s More

Activity 2: “My Parts’’

Objective:
After performing this simple activity, you should be able to:
1. Extend inquiry thus Identify and describe the basic parts of a simple
generator model shown in the figure below.

Procedure:
1. Analyse the figure below
2. Write at least five parts of a simple generator, in your activity answer sheet

Figure 5: A Simple Generator

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: ‘’Venn Diagram’’

Objective:
After you perform this activity you should be able to:
1. Describe the Comparison between AC and DC Generator

Procedures:
1. Analyse the figure below between DC and AC Generator
2. Copy the Venn diagram in your activity answer sheet to show the difference and
similarities of DC and AC Generator
3. Write words or name of parts in the middle between the two circle their similarity,
while write their differences in their specific location

SIMILARITY
DC AC
Generator Generator

What I Can Do

Activity 4: ‘How does Generator Operate?’’

Objective: Explain the operation of generator

Procedures:
1. Analyse the given information and answer the guide questions
2. Write letter only for your answer in your activity answer sheet

Description Analysis
An induced current is produces in an 1. What is being produce in an electric
electric current is produced in an electric current?
generator by rotating a wound coil (called A. DC - Direct Current
armature) in a stationary magnetic field B. AC- Alternating Current
C. IC- Induced Current
2. Which part of the generator will move
or rotate in a stationary magnetic field?
A. slip rings
B. armature
C. magnet
Generators may be classified as an AC 3. How does AC and DC generator
(Alternating Current) generator or a DC works?
(Direct Current) generator. Both or these A. it works like an electric motor
generators work in the same fundamental
B. it works in the same principle of
principle of Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction
Faradays law of electromagnetic
induction
 Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What energy do you put in to a generator?
A. Thermal
B. Potential
C. Electrical
D. Mechanical
2. In what way is a DC generator different from an AC generator?
A. The DC generator is operated by an applied voltage
B. A DC generator follow Faraday’s law while an AC generator works
according to Lenz’s law
C. A DC generator creates an electric current that flows in one
direction while the current produced in an AC generator flows in
two direction alternately
D. A DC generator creates an electric current that flows in a definite
direction while the flow of current produced in an AC generator
has no definite direction.
3. What is the fan that turns the magnet inside a generator?
A. Turbine
B. Pinstock
C. solar panel
D. electromagnet
4. A generator converts _______ into ______ .
A. AC; DC
B. Mechanical; electrical
C. Electrical energy; mechanical energy
D. Electromagnetic induction; electrical energy
5. What type of energy comes out of a generator?
A. thermal
B. Potential
C. Electrical
D. mechanical
6. All of the following are true about the strength of the magnetic field
except _.
A. Induced voltage is greater when the magnetic field is stronger.
B. The strength of magnetic field increases as the number of loops of
wire is increased
C. The strength of magnetic field is independent of the speed of the
rotation of the coil
D. An increase in magnetic field yields more number of line of force
cut by the loops of conducting wire.
7. Electromagnetic induction was discovered by
A. Nikola Tesla
B. Thomas Edison
C. Michael Faraday
D. Benjamin Franklin
8. When the rate of motion of the same coil of wire is increased through the
same magnetic field, the wire will move across the magnetic lines _______.
A. faster, producing less induced current
B. slower, producing less induced current
C. faster, producing more induced current
D. slower, producing more induced current
9. What basic principle enables ALL electric generators to operate?
A. Iron is the only element that is magnetic.
B. Opposite electric charges attract and like charges repel.
C. A closed-loop conductor within a changing magnetic field will
have an induced electromotive force.
D. A current-carrying conductor placed within a magnetic field will
experience a magnetic force.
10. Which is true about a generator?
A. Induced voltage causes the coils of wire to rotate.
B. Current is supplied to the loop by an external source.
C. Electric energy is input, mechanical energy is the output.
D. Mechanical energy is the input, electrical energy is the output
11. What two forces are required for generators and electric motors to
work?
A. electricity and thermal
B. magnetism and radiant
C. magnetism and thermal
D. electricity and magnetism
12. Which device uses mechanical energy to produce electrical energy?
A. Magnet
B. Generator
C. Solar Cell
D. Electric motor
13. The greater the number of loops in the coil of wire, the _____.
A. greater is the amount of heat produced
B. smaller the magnetic field around the wire
C. greater is the amount of induced voltage produced.
D. greater is the amount of friction which results in lower induced
voltage.
14. All of the following are parts of an AC generator except ____.
A. magnets
B. slip rings
C. commutators
D. carbon brushes
15. In large generators in power plants ______ rotate inside a coil of wire to
produce an electric current.
A. Wind
B. Water
C. Magnets
D. Circuits