Flameproof Exd Increased Safety Exe: A Flameproof "Ex D"

Flameproof Increased Safety
Ex d Ex e
A flameproof "Ex d" enclosure is designed to A Increased safety “Ex e” The protection method
contain any internal explosion of an explosive uses advanced measures to prevent excessive heat,
mixture. The enclosure houses components that arcs, or sparks on any internal or external components
could ignite the surrounding explosive of the apparatus during normal operation.
DEFENITION
atmosphere. It is constructed to withstand the The use of switches, contactors, relays and similar
pressure buildup from an internal explosion and are not permitted. Generally, only terminals with
prevent the transmission of that explosion to the non-loosening devices to hold conductors secure and
explosive atmosphere outside the enclosure. prevent sparking, will be installed in these enclosures.
Flameproof is the only one of the methods of
explosion protection in which an explosion is
permitted.
OVERVIEW
Ex d Ex e
IEC 60079-1 IEC 60079-7

Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures “d” Equipment protection by increased safety “e”
3.1 flameproof enclosure “d” 3.5 increased safety ”e”

enclosure in which the parts which can ignite an explosive gas type of protection applied to electrical equipment or Ex Components
atmosphere are placed and which can withstand the pressure in which additional measures are applied so as to give increased
developed during an internal explosion of an explosive security against the possibility of excessive temperatures and against
mixture, and which prevents the transmission of the explosion the occurrence of arcs and sparks
to the explosive gas atmosphere surrounding the enclosure
STANDARDS
IEC 60079-14 edition 2014 clause 3.3 IEC 60079-14 edition 2014 clause 3.4
3.3 Flameproof enclosure 3.4 Increased safety

3.31 flameproof enclosure “d” 3.4.1 increased safety ‘e’
“type of protection in which the parts capable of igniting an "Type of protection applied to electrical equipment in which
explosive gas atmosphere are provided with an enclosure additional measures are applied so
which can withstand the pressure developed during an internal as to give increased security against the possibility of excessive
explosion of an explosive mixture and which prevents the temperatures and of the
transmission of the explosion to the explosive gas atmosphere occurrence of arcs and sparks in normal service or under specified
surrounding the enclosure” abnormal conditions"
Ex d Ex e
IEC 60079-7 edition 2015 clause 4
IEC 60079-1 edition 2014 clause 4
4. Constructional requirements
4 Level of protection (equipment protection level, EPL) 4.1 Level of protection
EPL (EQUIPMENT PROTECTION LEVEL)
4.1 General Electrical equipment with Type of Protection increased safety “e”
Electrical equipment with flameproof enclosure “d” shall be one shall be one of the following:
of the following: – Level of Protection “eb” (EPL “Mb” or “Gb”); or
– level of protection “da” (EPL “Ma” or “Ga”); – level of – Level of Protection “ec” (EPL “Gc”).
protection “db” (EPL “Mb” or “Gb”); or – level of protection The requirements of this clause apply, unless otherwise stated in
“dc” (EPL “Gc”). Clause 5, to all electrical
The requirements of this standard shall apply to all levels of equipment and Ex Components with Type of Protection “e”
protection unless otherwise stated.
Unless otherwise marked, flameproof enclosures are designed for Unless otherwise marked, enclosures are designed for use in normal
use in normal ambient temperatures in the range -20°C to ambient temperatures in the range -20°C to +40°C.
+40°C.
Protection Zone of use Equipment ATEX category Protection Zone of use Equipment ATEX category
type EPL type EPL
Ex db 1&2 Gb & Gc 2G & 3G Ex eb 1&2 Gb & Gc 2G & 3G
Ex dc 2 Gc 3G Ex ec 2 Gc 3G
Ex d Ex e
While flameproof enclosures are designed to contain explosions, Increased safety enclosures are not designed to contain an internal
they are not airtight. As a result, gases or vapors can still enter explosion and hence do not have flame path Ignition of a flammable
the enclosure through gaps around joints or cable entry points. atmosphere is prevented by special design feature some which are as
follows:
ENCLOSURE STRENGHT
To contain the explosive pressure, the enclosure must be 1. Mechanically strong enclosure resistant to impact.
sufficiently strong. Additionally, the gaps around cable entry 2. Minimum ingress protection rating of IP54.
PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN
joints and threads should be long and narrow, allowing the 3. Use of certified terminals which are de-rated.
flames and hot gases to cool before reaching any flammable 4. Number of terminals fitted are limited
atmosphere outside the enclosure. 5. Only one conductor to be fitted per terminal side, unless
permitted otherwise by certification.
FLAMEPATHS 6. Electrical protection, suitably rated size of fuses or circuit
A flamepath is a small gap or joint in a flameproof enclosure breakers
through which air, gas, or explosion byproducts could escape. 7. Specified creepage and clearance distances incorporated in the
These gaps are too narrow to be seen with the naked eye, so design of terminals.
they must be measured precisely using feeler gauges.
Factors which influence the dimension of the gap are:

a. The width of the joint
b. The gas group
c. The internal volume of the enclosure
d. The type of joint
Ex d Ex e
OVERVIEW
Type of joint Approved terminal component

Ex d Ex e
OBSTRUCTION OF FLAMEPATHS TERMINALS
• Specified creepage & clearance distances between conductive parts and
between conductive parts & earth.
• Certified & de-rated terminals.
• Locking device
• Terminal quantity is calculated & restricted
• Unless specified, only one conductor per terminal is permitted.
The terminals installed in an Increased Safety enclosure must be ‘component

certified’. They will be manufactured from high quality materials such as
Gas group Distance
Melamine, Polyamide and, for special applications, ceramic. These materials,
IIA 10 mm which have good thermal stability, have been subjected to a ‘Comparative
Tracking Index (CTI)’ test to determine their resistance to tracking.
IIB 30 mm The following definitions apply:
Clearance distance: The shortest distance through air between two conductors.
IIC 40 mm (Flash Distance)
Creepage distance: The shortest distance between two conductors along the
surface of an insulator. (Tracking Distance)
IEC 60079-1 Clause 15.3 edition 2014 Table 11 Tracking: The leakage current which passes across the contaminated surface of
an insulator.
Minimum distance of obstructions from flameproof “d” flange
Comparative Tracking Index: Value obtained from a series of tests in which an
openings electrolyte is dripped onto an insulating surface between electrodes having a
voltage between them

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Flameproof Increased Safety

IEC 60079-1 IEC 60079-7

3.1 flameproof enclosure “d” 3.5 increased safety ”e”

3.3 Flameproof enclosure 3.4 Increased safety

Factors which influence the dimension of the gap are:

Type of joint Approved terminal component

The terminals installed in an Increased Safety enclosure must be ‘component

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