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S.No. Description Page.No.


certificate i
Acknowledgement ii
Abstract iii
Decleration iv
Abrivations v
Tables vi
Figures vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-11


1.1 Flexible Pavement 1
1.2 Types of Flexible Pavement 1
1.2.1 Conventional flexible pavements 1
1.2.2 Full - depth asphalt pavements 1
1.2.3 Contained rock asphalt mats 2
1.3 Cross Section of Flexible Pavement 2
1.4 Components of Flexible Pavement 2
1.4.1 surface course 2
1.4.2 Base course 2
1.4.3 Sub-Base course 2
1.4.4 Sub-grade 3
1.5 Importance of soil as a subgrade 3
1.5.1 Desirable Property of Subgrade Soil 3
1.6 Silt Soil 4
1.7 Failures in Flexible Pavement 5
1.7.1 Rutting Cracking 6
1.7.2 Fatigue cracking 7
1.8 Soil Stabilization 7
1.9 Lime 8
1.10 Need of Project 10
1.11 Objectives 10
1.12 Organisation of the Report 10
1.13 Summary 11
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 12-27
2.1 Definition of soil 12
2.2 Origin of soils 12
2.3 stabilization 13
2.3.1 Mechanics of Soil Stabilization 14
2.3.2 Mechanical stabilization 14
2.3.3 Chemical stabilization 15
2.3.4 Lime stabilization 16
2.4 Damages of soil in road construction 17
2.5 Lime 17
2.6 Classification of Lime 19
2.6.1 Hydraulic limes 19
2.6.2 Non-hydraulic limes 19
2.6.3 Magnesiam lime 20
2.6.4 Selenitic lime 20
2.7 Source of lime 20
2.8 Chemical composition of lime 20
2.9 Manufacturing of lime 21
2.9.1 Mechanism involved in lime stabilization 21
2.9.2 Slaking 22
2.9.3 Type of Lime suitable for Stabilization 22
2.9.4 Fineness of Lime 23
2.10 Lime Soil Interaction 23
2.10.1 Different Mechanisms of Lime Soil Interaction 23
2.10.2 Base Exchange (Ion exchange) 23
2.10.3 Flocculation 24
2.10.4 Lime fixation point 24
2.10.5 Carbonation 24
2.11 Reasons for using of lime 24
2.12 Lime Stabilization 25
2.13 Merits of lime Stabilization 25
2.14 Demerits of lime Stabilization 25
2.15 Importance of lime stabilization in road construction 26
2.16 Mechanistic Model 26
2.17 Summary 27
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 28-40
3.1 Methodology 28
3.2 Materials Used 29
3.2.1 silty soil 29
3.2.2 lime 29
3.3 Laboratory Testings 29
3.3.1 Index Properties 30
3.3.1.1 Sieve Analysis 30
3.3.1.2 Free Swell Index 31
3.3.1.3 Specific Gravity 32
3.3.1.4 Atterberg’s Limits 33
3.3.2 Engineering Properties 35
3.3.2.1 Mini Compaction test 35
3.3.2.2 California bearing ratio 35
3.3.3 Physical Properties 36
3.3.3.1 colour 36
3.3.3.2 Structure 36
3.3.4 Chemical properties 36
3.3.4.1 PH 36
3.4 Design of flexible pavement 36
3.4.1 Determination of Resilient Modulus 37
3.4.2 Using IRC Charts from IRC:37-2012 37
3.4.2.1 Fatigue Model 38
3.4.2.2 Rutting Model 39
3.5 Summary 40

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISSCUSION 41-63


4.1 General 41
4.2 Liquid limit 42
4.3 Free Swell Index 43
4.4 Compaction Characteristics 44
4.5 Sieve analysis 48
4.6 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) 49
4.7 pH 55
4.8 Design of Flexible Pavement 56
4.9 Determination of Resilient Modulus 57
4.1 Using Irc Charts From Irc: 37-2012 Guidelines 59

4.10.1 Fatigue and Rutting model 59


4.10.2 Thickness of pavement design 62
4.11 Summary 63
CHAPTER 5 CONCULSION 64
CHAPTER 6 REFERENCE 65
Annexure

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