1

1 Sulfur has several isotopes.

Identify one correct statement about isotopes.

Tick one box.

They are molecules with the same number of neutrons

but different numbers of protons.

They are atoms with the same number of protons but

different numbers of neutrons.

They are molecules with the same number of protons

but different numbers of electrons.

They are atoms with the same number of neutrons but

different numbers of protons.

[1]

[Total: 1]

2 Complete the electronic structure of a sulfur atom.

[1]

[Total: 1]

3 Magnesium has several naturally occurring isotopes.

State the meaning of the term isotopes.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 2

4 An isotope of magnesium is shown.

Deduce the number of protons and neutrons in this isotope.

number of protons ..................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]

5 Complete the electronic structure of a magnesium atom.

Mg

[1]

[Total: 1]

6 An isotope of sulfur is shown.

Deduce the number of protons and neutrons in this isotope.

number of protons ..................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]

7 This question is about elements.

aluminium
carbon
iron
hydrogen
oxygen
silicon
 3

sodium
sulfur

Answer the following questions about these elements.

Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(a) Name the element that can be used as a fuel.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Name the element that forms an oxide with a similar structure to diamond.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Name the element that forms an amphoteric oxide.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Name the element that has oxidation states of +2 and +3.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) Name the element extracted from bauxite.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) Name the element that has atoms with the electronic structure 2,6.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

8 The electronic structures of some atoms and ions are shown.

 4

A B C D
2+ 3–
+

E F G H
–
–

(a) Write the letters, A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H, of the electronic structures which show:

(i) atoms of two different noble gases ................................... and ....................................

[2]

(ii) an ion of a Group I element ..........................................................................................

[1]

(iii) an ion of a Group V element ........................................................................................

[1]

(iv) a pair of ions that could form a compound with the formula XY2. ............ and ...........

[1]

(b) State which electronic structure, A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H, is incorrect.

Explain why.

incorrect electronic structure ...........................................................................................

explanation ......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) State how many protons are found in the nucleus of ion C. .............................................

[1]

(d) Use the Periodic Table to deduce:

 5

(i) the chemical symbol for ion G .......................................................................

[1]

(ii) the element which forms an ion with a 3+ charge and the same electronic structure as
H.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 10]

9 Complete the table to show the relative charge and approximate relative mass of a proton, a neutron
and an electron.

type of approximate
relative charge
particle relate mass

proton 1

neutron

electron −1

[3]

[Total: 3]

10 Deduce the number of electrons and neutrons in an atom of the isotope of iron shown.

58
26Fe

number of electrons ................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]

11 Deduce the number of electrons and neutrons in an atom of the isotope of potassium shown.

number of electrons ................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]
 6

12 Chlorine is in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

Two isotopes of chlorine are chlorine-35 and chlorine-37.

State why these two isotopes of chlorine have the same chemical properties.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

13 What term is used to describe atoms of the same element with different numbers of particles in the
nucleus?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

14 The question is about elements X, Y and Z.

(a) An atom of element X is represented as X.

Name the different types of particles found in the nucleus of this atom of X.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) What is the term for the total number of particles in the nucleus of an atom?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) What is the total number of particles in the nucleus of an atom of X?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) What is the electronic structure of the ion X ?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) Suggest the formula of the compound formed between aluminium and X.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]
 7

15 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in each atom and ion.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

−
l

[3]

[Total: 3]

16 An isotope of iron is shown.

Deduce the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in an atom of this isotope of iron.

number of electrons ..................................................................................................................

number of protons ....................................................................................................................

number of neutrons .................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

17 State one industrial use of radioactive isotopes.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

18 Draw the electronic structure of a sodium atom.

[2]

[Total: 2]

19 An isotope of sodium is written as shown.

 8

23
11Na

(a) Deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in this isotope of sodium.
11
number of protons ...........................................................................................................
11
number of electrons ........................................................................................................
12
number of neutrons ......................................................................................................... [3]

(b) State one medical use of radioactive isotopes.

in cancer treatment
........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

20 The question is about sulfur and compounds of sulfur.

An isotope of sulfur is written as shown.

33
16S

(a) Deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in this isotope of sulfur.
33
number of protons ............................................................................................................
33
number of electrons ..........................................................................................................
17
number of neutrons .......................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

21 Draw the electronic structure of a calcium atom.

Ca

[2]

[Total: 2]
 9

22 An isotope of calcium is written as shown.

Deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in this isotope of calcium.
44
number of protons ..................................................................................................................
44
number of electrons ................................................................................................................
24
number of neutrons ................................................................................................................ [3]

[Total: 3]

23 Draw the electronic structure of a sulfur atom.

[2]

[Total: 2]

24 Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in an oxygen atom.

[1]

[Total: 1]

25 Sulfur exists as a number of different isotopes.

What is meant by the term isotopes?

Isotopes are atoms of the same elment with the same number of protons but
..................................................................................................................................................

different number of neutrons .

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 10

26 Atoms are made of smaller particles called electrons, neutrons and protons.

Complete the table.

particle relative charge relative mass

electron -1

neutron 0 1

proton +1 1

[2]

[Total: 2]

27 A sulfide ion has the symbol shown.

34
16 S2–
(a) How many neutrons are contained in this sulfide ion?
20
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
2–
(b) How is a sulfide ion, S , formed from a sulfur atom?
it gained 2 electrons
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
2–
(c) Which element forms an ion with a 2+ charge that has the same number of electrons as a S
ion?
calcium
........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

28 The Periodic Table is very useful to chemists.

Refer only to elements with atomic numbers 1 to 36 in the Periodic Table provided when answering
this question.

Use information from the Periodic Table provided to identify one element which:
Flourine
(a) has atoms with exactly 9 protons ....................................................... [1]
hydrogen
(b) has atoms with 0 neutrons ....................................................... [1]

sodium
(c) has atoms with exactly 23 electrons ....................................................... [1]
 11

sulfur
(d) has atoms with an electronic structure of 2,8,6 ....................................................... [1]
phosphorus
(e) forms ions with a charge of 3− containing 18 electrons .............................................. [1]

(f) magnesium
forms ions with a charge of 2+ containing 10 electrons .............................................. [1]

chlorine
(g) has a relative atomic mass that shows it has at least two isotopes. ........................... [1]

[Total: 7]

29 The table gives information about atoms and ions A, B and C.

Complete the table.

number of number of number of
symbol
electrons neutrons protons

A 13 14 13 27
13Al

B 10 11 12 25
12Mg
2+

19
C 10 10 9 F
9

[6]

[Total: 6]

30 Nylon is a polymer.

(a) Give one common use of nylon.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Part of the structure of nylon is shown.

H H H

N (CH2)6 N C (CH2)4 C N

O O

How many different types of atom are shown in this structure?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
 12

31 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the sulfur atom and
zinc ion shown.
number of number of number of
electrons neutrons protons

36 20 16
16S 16

67 2+ 28 35 30
30Zn

[4]

[Total: 4]

32 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the sulfur atom and
copper ion shown.
number of number of number of
electrons neutrons protons

34 16 18
16S 16

63
29Cu
2+ 27 32 29

[4]

[Total: 4]

33 Define the term proton number.

a subatomic particle with a relative charge of +1
..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

34 Aqueous potassium iodide reacts with aqueous copper(II) sulfate to produce iodine.

(a) Balance the chemical equation for this reaction.

2KI + CuSO4 → CuI + I2 + K2SO4 [2]

(b) Deduce the charge on the copper ion in CuI.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) In terms of electron transfer, explain why copper is reduced in this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 13

(d) Identify the reducing agent.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

35 Complete the table to identify the atoms and ions which have the following numbers of protons,
neutrons and electrons.

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons

23 +
11Na 11 12 10

Be 4 5 4

Cl 17 20 18

[4]

[Total: 4]

36 24 25 26
Magnesium exists as three isotopes, 12Mg , 12Mg and 12Mg .

All isotopes of magnesium react with dilute hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen and a salt.

(a) Why do all isotopes of magnesium react in the same way?

because they have the same number of elctrons in their shell and so the same
...........................................................................................................................................
electronic configuration which determines the same charachterstics .
...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Mg + HCl ----> MgCl + H
........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Describe a test for hydrogen.

lightened splint
test ....................................................................................................................................
burns with a squeeqy pop .
result ................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]
 14

37 How many electrons, neutrons and protons are there in the ion shown?

44 2+
20Ca

20
number of electrons .......................................................
22
number of neutrons .......................................................
20
number of protons ....................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

38 Atoms contain particles called electrons, neutrons and protons.

Complete the table.

where the particle
particle relative mass relative charge
is found in an atom

electron orbiting the nucleus

1
1840 -1

proton in the nucleus 1 +1

neutron in the nucleus 1 0

[3]

[Total: 3]

39 24 25 26
Magnesium exists as three isotopes, 12Mg , 12Mg and 12Mg .

State, in terms of the total numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons, one difference and two
similarities between these magnesium isotopes.
number of neutrons
difference .................................................................................................................................
same electronic disturbution
similarity 1 ................................................................................................................................
same number of protons
similarity 2 ................................................................................................................................ [3]

[Total: 3]

40 22 23 24
11Na , 11Na and 11Na are isotopes of sodium.
 15

(a) Describe how these sodium isotopes are the same and how they are different in terms of the
total number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each.
they have the same number of electrons and protons in their shell which
same .................................................................................................................................
determines its characteristics and how the would react .
...........................................................................................................................................
they different number of neutrons which change its overall mass and
different .............................................................................................................................
therefore its physical properties
........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Why do all three isotopes have an overall charge of zero?

because they didn't lose electrons .

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Why do all three isotopes have the same chemical properties?
because they have the same number of electrons in their shell and therfore the
...........................................................................................................................................
same electronic configuration .
........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Why do sodium ions have a charge of +1?

because it has lost one electron .
...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]