Implementing Virtualization

with Hyper-V
 Objectives
• Install the Hyper-V server role
• Create and use virtual machines
• Manage and configure virtual machines
• Work with Virtual Hard disks
• Configure Virtual Networks

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 Installing Hyper-V (1 of 5)
• Virtualization terms:
– Virtual machine (VM) - the virtual environment that
emulates a physical computer’s hardware and BIOS
– Guest OS - an OS installed in a VM in the same way you
install an OS on a physical computer
– Host computer - physical computer on which VMs run
– Virtualization software - software for creating and managing
VMs and creating the virtual environment in which a guest
OS is installed

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 Installing Hyper-V (2 of 5)
• Virtualization terms (continued):
– Hypervisor - creates and monitors the virtual hardware
environment
▪ There are two types of hypervisors: Type 1 and Type 2
– Virtual disk - consists of files on the host computer that
represent a virtual machine’s hard disk
– Virtual network - network configuration created by
virtualization software and used by VMs for physical and
virtual network communication
– Checkpoint - a partial copy of a VM made at a particular
moment

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Installing Hyper-V (3 of 5)

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 Installing Hyper-V (4 of 5)
• System requirements to install and use Hyper-V:
– Windows Server 2022 Standard or Datacenter Edition installed
– A 1.4 GHz or faster 64-bit CPU with virtualization extensions
– A CPU that supports Data Execution Prevention (DEP) and
second-level address translation (SLAT)
▪ SLAT is called EPT on Intel processors and NPT on AMD
processors
– Virtualization support must be turned on in the BIOS
– Enough free disk space to hold the OS you’re going to install
as a VM
– Enough RAM to equal the minimum amount required for
Windows Server 2019 plus the OS to install on VM

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Installing Hyper-V (5 of 5)

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 Installing the Hyper-V Role and
Management Tools
• When you install the Hyper-V role from Server Manager, you are
prompted to install the management tools
– Which you should do if you will be managing Hyper-V from the
same server that is running Hyper-V
• To install Hyper-V from PowerShell, use the cmdlet:
– Install-WindowsFeature Hyper-V –IncludeManagementTools
• If you will be managing Hyper-V remotely, you can install just the
management tools on the management computer using the
cmdlet:
– Install-WindowsFeature RSAT-Hyper-V-Tools

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 Hyper-V Licensing
• Windows Server 2019 with Hyper-V includes licenses for
virtual instances of Windows Server 2016 with the Standard
and Datacenter editions:
– Standard Edition includes two licenses for a virtual
instance of Windows Server 2019
– Datacenter Edition includes licenses for unlimited virtual
instances of Windows Server 2019

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 Creating Virtual Machines in
Hyper-V (1 of 2)
• In Hyper-V Manager, all tasks related to creating and managing
virtual machines are listed in the Actions pane
• Hyper-V VMs consist of these files stored on the Hyper-V server:
– Configuration file
– Virtual hard disk files
• In addition, you might also find the following types of files
associated with a VM:
– Differencing or checkpoint files
– Saved state files

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 Creating Virtual Machines in
Hyper-V (2 of 2)
• The process of creating a VM:
1. Start the New Virtual Machine Wizard in Hyper-V Manager
2. Give the new VM a descriptive name
3. Choose a location for the VM
4. Choose a generation 1 or generation 2 VM
5. Assign the amount of memory the VM requires
6. Configure networking
7. Create a virtual hard disk
8. Install an OS

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 Basic Virtual Machine Management
with Hyper-V Manager (1 of 4)
• A running VM does not require using Hyper-V Manager
• You do need Hyper-V Manager to configure and manage a
VM’s properties
– Or access it locally
• Connect to a VM by using any of the following:
– Right-click the VM and click Connect
– Double-click the VM
– Select the VM and double-click its screenshot
– Select the VM and click Connect in the Action menu

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Basic Virtual Machine Management
with Hyper-V Manager (2 of 4)

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 Basic Virtual Machine Management
with Hyper-V Manager (3 of 4)
• The Virtual Machine Connection console has the following toolbar
icons:
– Ctrl + Alt + Delete - sends that keystroke to the VM
– Start - starts the VM
– Turn Off - turns off the VM
– Shut Down - sends a signal to the OS to perform a shutdown
– Save - saves the VM’s state
– Pause - pauses the VM
– Reset - resets the VM
– Checkpoint - creates a checkpoint of a VM
– Revert (reverts to a VM’s checkpoint)
– Enhanced session (changes the session mode to enhanced)
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 Basic Virtual Machine Management
with Hyper-V Manager (4 of 4)
• Some tasks you can perform with other menus:
– File - Access the VM’s settings and exit the VM
– Action - Perform all the actions on the toolbar
– Media - Specify .iso file options
– Clipboard - copy a screenshot of the VM to the Clipboard
– View - toggle the display of the toolbar
– Help - Get help on various topics related to the Virtual
Machine Connection console

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 Advanced VM Creation Methods (1 of 3)
• VMs can be created by using other methods besides the
New Virtual Machine Wizard:
– Importing an exported VM
– Copying the virtual disk
– Converting a physical machine to a virtual machine

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 Advanced VM Creation Methods (2 of 3)
• Exporting VMs
– VMs can be exported and then imported to create one or
more VMs
– This feature allows you to back up a VM without shutting it
down first
▪ You can export a VM while it’s running
– After a VM is exported, it can be moved to archival storage
as a backup, imported on another server running Hyper-V,
or imported on the same server
– To export a VM using PowerShell, use the Export-VM
VMName -Path C:\ExportVMs cmdlet replacing VMName
and C:\ExportVMs with the name of the VM to export and
the path where the files should be exported
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 Advanced VM Creation Methods (3 of 3)
• Importing VMs
– You can import a VM that hasn’t been exported first
– If your Hyper-V host suffers a hardware or software failure
you can move the hard disk containing VMs to another
host and import them in place
– Three options for the type of import:
▪ Register the virtual machine in-place
▪ Restore the virtual machine
▪ Copy the virtual machine
– To import a VM using PowerShell, use the Import-VM -
ImportType -Path PathtoVM cmdlet where -ImportType
is either -Register to register the VM in place or -Copy to
restore the VM and use the existing unique ID
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 Copying a Virtual Disk (1 of 2)
• The result of a copy is similar to an export/import, but the
procedure is different:
1. Copy the virtual hard disk from an existing VM to a new
folder or rename the copied file
2. Create a VM with the New Virtual Machine Wizard, but
in the Connect Virtual Hard Disk window, select the
“Use an existing virtual hard disk” option
• The only real difference between this method and the
export/import method is that in this method, you must
create the virtual machine and can change the VM name
and configuration in the New Virtual Machine Wizard

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 Copying a Virtual Disk (2 of 2)
• Converting a Physical Machine to a Virtual Machine
– Hyper-V has no built-in tools to create a VM from a
physical computer
– Other tools available to do this:
▪ Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager
(SCVMM)
▪ A free utility called disk2vhd that can be downloaded
– Runs on the physical server and creates a virtual
hard disk file from the disk on the physical server

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 Generation 1 and Generation 2
VMs (1 of 2)
• When creating a new VM, you have the option of creating a
generation 1 or generation 2 V
• Generation 2 VMs have enhanced capabilities and support for
newer standards:
– Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) firmware instead
of traditional PC BIOS
– Device support
– Network boot with IPv6
– VHDX-only support
– GPT boot
– Disk expansion
– Reduced attack surface
– Secure boot
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 Generation 1 and Generation 2
VMs (2 of 2)
• Converting a generation 1 VM to a generation 2 is possible, but:
– You can’t use a generation 2 VM on Hyper-V versions before
Windows Server 2012 R2
– Generation 2 VMs only support Windows 8 or Windows Server
2012 and later guest OSs

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 Managing Virtual Machines
• Additional features you can use to manage and configure
the virtual environment:
– Virtual machine hardware settings
– Integration Services
– Checkpoints
– Automatic start and stop actions
– Enhanced Session mode

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 Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (1 of 12)
• BIOS and Firmware Settings
– The BIOS settings for a generation 1 VM enable you to
change the order in which the VM’s BIOS searches for
boot devices
▪ Click a device in the Startup order list box and click the
up or down arrows to change its order
– On a generation 2 VM, the hardware category is Firmware
instead of BIOS
▪ You can enable the Secure Boot feature and set the
boot order

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Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (2 of 12)

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Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (3 of 12)

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 Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (4 of 12)
• Security
– In the Security settings of a VM, you can enable or
disable Secure Boot (generation 2 VMs only) and
enable encryption support

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Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (5 of 12)

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 Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (6 of 12)
• Memory Allocation
– When you create a VM, you can configure the amount
of memory it’s allocated from the host computer
– You can change the amount at any time later
– The amount of memory you allocate must take into
account other VMs running simultaneously, and enough
memory left over for the host server
– Windows Server 2019 running Hyper-V needs about
800 MB RAM plus 32 MB for each running VM that has
been assigned up to 1 GB RAM

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 Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (7 of 12)
• Dynamic Memory
– Dynamic Memory - a Hyper-V feature that allows an
administrator to set startup, minimum, and maximum
memory allocation values for each VM
– Hyper-V adjusts the memory allocation for a VM up or
down, based on its actual memory needs
▪ Between the minimum and maximum value you specify
– Dynamic Memory isn’t enabled by default
▪ You enable it by choosing Memory in the VM’s settings

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Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (8 of 12)

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 Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (9 of 12)
• Hot Add Memory
– Hot add and remove memory - the addition of memory or
removal of memory while the VM is running
– This feature is supported only on VMs running Windows
10 or Windows Server 2016 guest OSs and some
distributions of Linux
– The VM configuration version must be version 8 or higher,
so VMs created in earlier versions of Hyper-V will not
support this feature until you upgrade the configuration

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 Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (10 of 12)
• Smart Paging
– Smart paging - a Hyper-V feature that uses a file on the
host computer for temporary memory storage when a
sudden surge in memory requirements exceeds the
physical amount of memory available
▪ Works with Dynamic Memory
– No configuration is needed for smart paging other than its
location on the host
▪ Which is C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Hyper-V
by default

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 Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (11 of 12)
• Virtual Processor Settings
– Virtual processor - the virtual representation of a physical
processor or processor core residing on the host that can
be assigned to a virtual machine
– You can adjust how many virtual processors are assigned
to the VM
▪ Up to the total number of physical processors or
processor cores installed on the host computer
– The “Resource control” section specifies how host
resources are allocated to the VM

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Virtual Machine Hardware
Settings (12 of 12)

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 Integration Services (1 of 3)
• Integration Services - provides enhanced drivers for the
guest OS and improves performance and functionality for:
– IDE and SCSI storage devices
– Network interfaces
– Mouse and video devices
• The storage controller and network interface drivers included
in Integration Services are called synthetic drivers and are
optimized for use in Hyper-V
• Emulated drivers (referred to as legacy drivers) are used
when Integration Services is not installed

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Integration Services (2 of 3)

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 Integration Services (3 of 3)
• Integration Services offers additional services:
– Operating system shutdown
– Time synchronization
– Data exchange
– Heartbeat
– Backup (volume checkpoint)
– Guest services

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 Checkpoints (1 of 5)
• Checkpoints can be used to revert a VM to a previous state
• Starting with Windows Server 2016, Hyper-V now has two types of
checkpoint:
– Standard checkpoint – original type of checkpoint that captures
the state of a virtual machine, including the running state
▪ Standard checkpoints should only be used in development
and testing, not on production VMs
– Production checkpoint - supported for production virtual
machines and uses backup technology in the guest OS to
create the checkpoint
▪ Production checkpoints do not save the running state of a
virtual machine, but they can be created while the VM is
running

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 Checkpoints (2 of 5)
• Managing Checkpoints
– You can create up to 50 checkpoints per VM
– When you create a checkpoint, either two or three files are
created:
▪ Configuration file
▪ Automatic virtual hard disk
▪ Saved state file
– Be aware of some issues with checkpoint storage:
– Checkpoints are stored on the host system’s volume by default
so you might want to relocate the folder to a different disk
– After a checkpoint is created for a VM, you can’t change the
checkpoint location for that VM
– You should always use Hyper-V Manager to delete checkpoints
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 Checkpoints (3 of 5)
• Managing Checkpoints
– Be aware of some issues with checkpoint storage (continued):
– If you create a standard checkpoint while a VM is running, the
amount of space required for the checkpoint includes the amount
of memory allocated to the VM
– Checkpoints decrease a VM’s disk performance
– Checkpoints must be deleted before expanding a disk
– Checkpoints can’t be used with pass-through or differencing disks

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 Checkpoints (4 of 5)
• Reverting to and Applying Checkpoints
– Two ways to use a saved checkpoint:
▪ Revert - returns the VM to its state when the most recent
checkpoint was taken
▪ Apply - allows you to select the checkpoint to apply

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Checkpoints (5 of 5)

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 Automatic Start and Stop Actions (1 of 3)
• Use automatic start and stop actions to specify how a VM should
behave when the host computer starts and shuts down
• Options for automatic start actions:
– Nothing
– Automatically start if it was running when the service stopped
– Always start this virtual machine automatically
– Startup delay
• Options for automatic stop actions:
– Save the virtual machine state
– Turn off the virtual machine
– Shut down the guest operating system

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Automatic Start and Stop Actions (2 of 3)

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Automatic Start and Stop Actions (3 of 3)

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 Enhanced Session Mode (1 of 4)
• Enhanced Session mode - a feature that improves interaction
and device redirection between the host computer and the VM
Connection console
• An enhanced session offers:
– Audio redirection
– Printer redirection
– USB devices and smart cards
– Drives
– Some plug-and-play devices
– Display configuration
– Copy and paste of Clipboard data, files, and folders

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Enhanced Session Mode (2 of 4)

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 Enhanced Session Mode (3 of 4)
• Enabling Enhanced Session Mode
– To use Enhanced Session mode, you must enable it in
Hyper-V Manager and on the guest OS
– Verify the following:
▪ Remote Desktop Services must be running on the guest
OS
▪ You must log on to the guest OS with an account that’s a
member of the local Administrators or remote Desktop
Users group
• To enable Enhanced Session mode using PowerShell, use the
Set-VMHost -EnableEnhancedSessionMode $true cmdlet on
the Hyper-V host
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Enhanced Session Mode (4 of 4)

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 Hyper-V Virtual Machine Movement

• To get the most out of VMs using multiple Hyper-V hosts, you
need to be able to move VMs and VM storage quickly and easily
from one host to another with limited service disruption
• Several methods of doing this
• Hyper-V replica
• Live Migration
• Quick Migration
• Storage Migration
• VM import / export
 Hyper-V Replica

• A replica periodically replicas changes in a VM to a mirror VM on

another Hyper-V host
• The source and destination server must be running the same version
of Windows Server
• Steps to configure replication:
• Enable replication on the Hyper-V server to receive the replicated VMs
• Select the authentication method
• Specify the servers that can replicate to this server and storage locations
• Configure firewall rules to allow replication
- Create a new inbound firewall rule on the replication server that enables the
predefined Hyper-V Replica HTTP listener (TCP-IN) rule,

• Configure each VM you want to replicate

 Hyper-V Live Migration

• Live migration is a feature that enables an administrator to move

a VM from one Hyper-V server to another
• Before you can use live migrations:
• Two or more servers running Hyper-V
• The same processor manufacturer – both servers must be
running intel or AMD for example
• The name of the virtual switches must be the same
• VM’s to be migrated must be using virtual hard disks and no
passthrough disks
• Needs to be enabled on your Hyper-V Server
 Working with Virtual Hard Disks
• Virtual hard disks can be one of three types:
– Fixed size - recommended when the VM needs to run
disk-intensive applications
– Dynamically expanding - somewhat slower than fixed-
size disks but unless the VM is running disk-intensive
applications, dynamically expanding disks are a good
choice
– Differencing - uses a parent/child relationship where the
parent is a dynamically expanding or fixed disk and the
child is a differencing disk

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 Creating and Modifying Virtual
Disks (1 of 5)
• Virtual disks can be created when a VM is created or with the
New Virtual Hard Disk Wizard
• You will need to choose the format from the following options:
– VHD – original virtual disk format and provides backward
compatibility
– VHDX – default option, supporting virtual disks up to 64 TB
– VHD Set – a shared virtual hard disk used with VM cluster
configurations when multiple VMs have access to the same
virtual hard disk for fault tolerance and load-balancing
applications
• You will also need to choose the disk type and specify a name for
the virtual disk file and the location on the host where it is stored

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Creating and Modifying Virtual
Disks (2 of 5)

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certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Creating and Modifying Virtual
Disks (3 of 5)

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Creating and Modifying Virtual
Disks (4 of 5)

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 Creating and Modifying Virtual
Disks (5 of 5)
• Virtual disks can be created when a VM is created or with the
New Virtual Hard Disk Wizard
– Are created in a default location unless you specify a
different path
• You can modify certain aspects of a virtual disk in the Edit Virtual
Hard Disk Wizard:
– Compact
– Convert
– Expand
– Merge
– Reconnect

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 Pass-Through Disks (1 of 2)
• Pass-through disk - a physical disk attached to the host that’s
placed offline so that it can be used by a VM instead of or in
addition to a virtual disk
• A pass-through disk has modest performance advantages
over virtual disks
– But it lacks the flexibility of virtual disks
• An advantage of pass-through disks over VHD disks:
– VHD disks are limited to 2 TB

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Pass-Through Disks (2 of 2)

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 External Virtual Switches (1 of 3)
• External virtual switch - binds a virtual switch to one of the
host’s physical network adapters
– Allows VMs to access a LAN connected to the host
• Only one external switch can be created per physical
network adapter
• You use an external virtual switch when external computers
must have direct access to the VM
– Or when the VM must have access to external network
resources
• Having more than one physical NIC installed on the host
computer is recommended
– If you’re using external virtual switches
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certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 External Virtual Switches (2 of 3)
• You can dedicate one of the NICs to host communication
and the other NIC can be bound to external virtual switches
• When a NIC is designated for use in an external virtual
switch, Windows binds the Hyper-V Extensible Virtual
Switch protocol to the physical NIC and unbinds all other
protocols

© 2018 Cengage. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
External Virtual Switches (3 of 3)

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certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Internal Virtual Switches (1 of 2)
• Internal virtual switch - allows virtual machines and the
host computer to communicate with one another but doesn’t
give VMs access to the physical network
– An internal switch isn’t bound to any of the host’s
physical NICs
• A virtual switch is created, but it’s internal to Hyper-V and
can’t be seen on the host computer
• The new virtual NIC attempts to get an address via DHCP,
but because it doesn’t have a connection to the physical
network, it’s assigned an APIPA address
• Used when devices on the physical network don’t need
direct access to the VMs and vice versa
© 2018 Cengage. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Internal Virtual Switches (2 of 2)

© 2018 Cengage. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Private Virtual Switches (1 of 2)
• Private virtual switch - similar to an internal switch except
that the VMs connected to the private virtual switch can’t
communicate with the host computer
• Creating a private virtual switch doesn’t create a network
connection on the host computer
• A private virtual switch is used when you want to isolate the
VMs connected to the network from all outside communication
– You might use this setup as a domain testing environment
or a development network

© 2018 Cengage. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Private Virtual Switches (2 of 2)

© 2018 Cengage. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Communicating between Hyper-V
Switches (1 of 2)
• What if you want to isolate VMs in their own private network,
but you want them to be able to access other private
networks or an external network?
• You can do this in two different ways:
– Create an external and a private virtual switch, then
configure one VM with two NICs
– Create an internal virtual switch and enable routing on
the host machine so that it routes between the internal
and physical switches

© 2018 Cengage. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Communicating between Hyper-V
Switches (2 of 2)

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certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Creating a Virtual Switch (1 of 3)
• Create a virtual switch in Hyper-V Manager by clicking Virtual
Switch Manager in the Actions pane
– You can edit an existing virtual switch or create a new one
– Choose External, Internal, or Private and click Create
• In the Virtual Switch Properties window, give the virtual switch
a name
• You will have the following options for configuring the switch:
– Connection type
– VLAN ID

© 2018 Cengage. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Creating a Virtual Switch (2 of 3)

© 2018 Cengage. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Creating a Virtual Switch (3 of 3)

© 2018 Cengage. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Adding and Removing Virtual
Network Interface Cards(1 of 2)
• Once you have your virtual switches created, you can
configure the VM’s to connect to them
• You need to create at least one virtual network interface card
(vNIC) on a VM.
• A vNIC is created when you create a VM and you have the
option to attach it to a virtual switch.
• You can also add vNIC’s to a VM after it is created

© 2018 Cengage. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.