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More

Queen Elizabeth II

The life of Queen Elizabeth II – a timeline

Key dates in the life of the Queen, from her birth in April 1926 to her death in September 2022

Guardian staff

Thu 8 Sep 2022 20.32 BST

1930s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

The Queen Mother (then the Duchess of York) with her husband, King George VI (then the Duke of
York), and their daughter Princess Elizabeth at her christening

Photograph: PA

21 April 1926
Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor is born at 2.40am at 17 Bruton Street, London, her
maternal grandparents’ house. It was home to her parents, Elizabeth (née Bowes-Lyon), and Albert,
Duke of York, the second son of King George V and Queen Mary. She was third in line to the throne
behind her father and Edward, Prince of Wales.

1930s

21 August 1930

Elizabeth’s sister, Princess Margaret Rose, is born.

20 January 1936

George V dies. Edward VIII becomes king.

Princess Elizabeth hugging a corgi dog, 1936

Photograph: Lisa Sheridan/Getty

10 December 1936

Edward VIII abdicates so that he can marry the American divorcee Wallis Simpson.

11 December 1936

Bertie, the Duke of York, is formally proclaimed King George VI. Princess Elizabeth is now heiress
presumptive.

Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret as guide and brownie, in 1937

Photograph: PNR/PA

1937

Elizabeth becomes a Girl Guide at the age of 11.

12 May 1937

Coronation of George VI at Westminster Abbey.

King George VI after the coronation ceremony with his wife Queen Elizabeth and daughters Elizabeth
and Margaret

Photograph: Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone/Getty

21 April 1939
Elizabeth celebrates her 13th birthday, and begins a course of study at home under the vice-provost
of Eton College.

22 July 1939

Princess Elizabeth meets Cadet Capt Philip of Greece at the Royal Dartmouth naval college.

3 September 1939

Britain declares war on Germany.

1940s

7 September 1940

The blitz on London begins. While the King and Queen stay in the city, Elizabeth and Margaret are
evacuated to Windsor.

Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret making a broadcast to the children of the Empire during World
War II

Photograph: Topical Press Agency/Getty

13 October 1940

Elizabeth makes her first broadcast to the nation.

21 April 1942

On her 16th birthday, Elizabeth carries out her first public engagement when she inspects the
Grenadier Guards, of which she had been appointed colonel-in-chief.

Princess Elizabeth holding Sue, a corgi pup, in the grounds of Windsor Castle, 1944

Photograph: Lisa Sheridan/Getty

21 April 1944

Elizabeth receives her first corgi, Susan, as an 18th birthday present.

4 March 1945

Elizabeth joins the Auxiliary Territorial Service, learning how to drive and maintain vehicles.
8 May 1945

VE Day.

1947

Elizabeth makes her first overseas visit, to South Africa, and gives a speech dedicating herself to the
Commonwealth.

10 July 1947

Buckingham Palace announces the engagement of Princess Elizabeth to Lt Philip Mountbatten, her
third cousin.

Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip 20 November 1947

Photograph: Associated Newspapers

20 November 1947

The couple marry at Westminster Abbey. He is thenceforth known as the Duke of Edinburgh.

14 November 1948

Prince Charles is born.

15 August 1950

Princess Anne, now the Princess Royal, is born.

1950s

31 January 1950

Elizabeth and Philip leave for a tour of east Africa, Australia and New Zealand.

Queen Elizabeth II of England gets off plane, greeted by (from R to L) Sir Winston Churchill, Clement
Attlee, Anthony Eden and Frederick James Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton and Lord President of the
Council, 8 February 1952, as she returns from Kenya

Photograph: OFF/AFP/Getty

6 February 1952

George VI dies and Elizabeth II succeeds to the throne. She is in Kenya when her father dies – the
first British monarch since George I to be out of the country at the time of succession.
Queen Elizabeth II (right) and Princess Margaret Rose (1930 - 2002), wearing black veils in the
mourning cortege of their late father, King George VI between Sandringham House, Norfolk and
Westminster Hall, London

Photograph: Derek Berwin/Getty

15 February 1952

Funeral of George VI takes place at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle.

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh with their two young children

Photograph: Lisa Sheridan/Getty

7 April 1952

Proclamation issued declaring the family’s dynastic surname will remain Windsor.

2 June 1953

Coronation of Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey in the first televised coronation service.

24 November 1953

The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh embark on a tour of the Commonwealth.

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh leave the House of Assembly in Hamilton,
Bermuda, during a six-month tour of the Commonwealth nations, November 1953

Photograph: Keystone/Getty

15 May 1954

The royal couple return to England after six months abroad.

Princess Margaret in a limousine on her way to Clarence House after a weekend in the country
where Peter Townsend was also a guest, 17 October 1955

Princess Margaret in a limousine on her way to Clarence House after a weekend in the country
where Peter Townsend was also a guest, 17 October 1955 Photograph: Monty Fresco/Getty
31 October 1955

Princess Margaret releases a statement confirming she will not marry Gp Capt Peter Townsend. Her
relationship with him had been controversial because he was divorced, and her request to marry
him – with its echoes of the abdication crisis – had been opposed by large sections of the
establishment.

November 1956

Britain and France invade Egypt in a botched attempt to seize control of the Suez canal. Lord
Mountbatten later claimed the Queen disapproved of the venture.

21 October 1957

The Queen visits New York and addresses the UN general assembly.

1960s

Prince Andrew in Queen Elizabeth II’s arms, 22 March 1960, Buckingham Palace

Photograph: AFP/Getty

19 February 1960

Prince Andrew, now the Duke of York, is born.

Newly-wed Princess Margaret, the younger sister of Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II, and her husband,
the photographer Antony Armstrong-Jones wave 6 May 1960 from Buckingham Palace in London on
their wedding day

Photograph: AFP/Getty

6 May 1960

Princess Margaret marries the photographer Antony Armstrong-Jones.

The Queen with Her New Baby: H.M. Queen Elizabeth II with her fourth child, Prince Edward, who
was born 10 March 1964

Photograph: Zuma Press, Inc/Alamy

10 March 1964

Prince Edward, now the Earl of Wessex, is born.

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh. Pictured here passing the Berlin Wall in
the Potsdamer Platz , Berlin in an open top car, 27 May 1965
Photograph: Mirrorpix/Getty

May 1965

The Queen visits West Germany, the first British monarch to do so since the first world war.

20 September 1967

The Queen launches the Cunard cruise liner the Queen Elizabeth II (popularly known as the QE2).

21 June 1969

First broadcast of Royal Family, a documentary with unprecedented access to the family’s daily life.

Queen Elizabeth II crowns her son Charles, Prince of Wales, during his investiture ceremony at
Caernarvon Castle

Photograph: Hulton Archive/Getty

1 July 1969

Prince Charles is invested Prince of Wales. Lord Snowdon designs a new coronet for the occasion as
the Duke of Windsor took the previous one with him to Paris.

1970s

April 1970

First walkabout during a state visit of Australia and New Zealand.

Sir Roden and Lady Cutler, and Sir Robert and Lady Askin with Queen Elizabeth and the Duke at the
opening of the Opera House, 20 October 1973

Photograph: Fairfax Media/Getty

20 October 1973

The Queen opens Jørn Utzon’s Sydney Opera House in Australia.

14 November 1973

Princess Anne marries Capt Mark Phillips.

Queen Elizabeth II pays an official visit to the Cook Islands, 1974

Photograph: Serge Lemoine/Getty

February 1974

The Queen’s tour of Australia and Polynesia is interrupted after the prime minister Edward Heath
calls a snap general election. She flies back to Britain.

November 1975

The Queen refuses to intervene in an Australian constitutional crisis when the prime minister Gough
Whitlam is dismissed by the governor general Sir John Kerr.

7 June 1977

Queen’s silver jubilee. More than a million people line the streets of London, and a chain of beacons
is lit across the country.

The Union flag-draped coffin of Lord Mountatten rests on a catafalque during the funeral service in
Westminster Abbey

Photograph: PA

27 August 1979

Lord Mountbatten, Prince Philip’s uncle, is killed by an IRA bomb off the coast of Sligo in the west of
Ireland.

November 1979

Sir Anthony Blunt, the former surveyor of the Queen’s pictures, is exposed as a communist spy.

1980s

Lady Diana Spencer and Prince Charles, Prince of Wales pose for photographs following the
announcement of their engagement in the grounds of Buckingham Palace on February 24, 1981 in
London

Photograph: Anwar Hussein/Getty

24 February 1981

Prince Charles announces his engagement to Lady Diana Spencer.

Prince Charles and Princess Diana stand on the balcony of Buckingham Palace in London, following
their wedding at St. Pauls Cathedral, June 29, 1981
Photograph: Reuters

29 July 1981

Charles and Diana marry in St Paul’s Cathedral, London.

13 June 1981

Shots are fired at the Queen as she attends Trooping the Colour. Marcus Serjeant, a 17-year-old air
cadet from Folkestone, Kent, pleads guilty under the 1842 Treason Act and is jailed for five years.
The shots were blanks.

Princess Diana, Princess of Wales, and Prince Charles, Prince of Wales look on lovingly at baby Prince
William on the day of his Christening at Buckingham Palace in 1982

Photograph: Anwar Hussein/WireImage

21 June 1982

Diana gives birth to Prince William.

9 July 1982

Michael Fagan breaks into the Queen’s bedroom during the early hours, evading alarms, guards and
police. He sits on the edge of her bed, talking for 10 minutes, before being led away by footman Paul
Whybrew, given a whisky and arrested.

Princess Diana at St Mary’s Hospital after the birth of her baby son Prince Harry Birth of Prince Harry,
Lindo Wing, St Mary’s Hospital, London, September 1984

Photograph: John Shelley/Rex/Shutterstock

15 September 1984

Diana gives birth to Prince Harry.

23 July 1986

Andrew marries publishing executive Sarah Ferguson, known as Fergie.

1990s

7 June 1992

The first instalment of the serialisation of Andrew Morton’s book, Diana: Her True Story, appears in
the Sunday Times, revealing that Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles continued to have an affair
during his marriage to Diana, that Diana tried to kill herself and had bulimia. It later emerges that
much of the information had been supplied by Diana herself.

The fire at Windsor Castle

Photograph: Tim Graham

20 November 1992

Windsor Castle is partly destroyed by fire.

24 November 1992

The Queen gives a speech at Guildhall to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession. In it, she refers
to recent events as part of an “annus horribilis”.

9 December 1992

The prime minister John Major announces in the House of Commons that Charles and Diana are to
separate.

April 1993

Buckingham Palace is opened to the general public for the first time to help fund the restoration of
Windsor Castle.

6 May 1994

The Queen and the French president François Mitterrand open the Channel Tunnel.

28 August 1996

Charles and Diana’s marriage is dissolved

31 August 1997

Diana dies in a car crash in Paris. The Queen stays in seclusion for several days, and is heavily
criticised in the press for her silence. Then, on the eve of Diana’s funeral, she does a walkabout to
meet mourners outside Buckingham Palace and gives a televised address, speaking “as your Queen
and as a grandmother” and paying tribute to Diana. “She was an exceptional and gifted human
being,” she said. “In good times and bad, she never lost her capacity to smile and laugh, nor to
inspire others with her warmth and kindness.”
Her Majesty’s Yacht Britannia returns to Portsmouth flying her paying-off pennant for the last time

Photograph: Nick Scott Archive/Alamy

11 December 1997

Her Majesty’s yacht Britannia is decommissioned; the government decides against funding a
replacement.

Queen Elizabeth II making her speech in the House of Lords

Photograph: Fiona Hanson/AP

24 November 1998

The Queen’s speech at the opening of parliament announces plans to abolish the traditional rights of
700 hereditary peers to sit and vote in the House of Lords.

Queen Elizabeth II, In Cardiff for the Official Opening of the National Assembly of Wales

Photograph: John Shelley Collection/Avalon/Getty

26 May 1999

The Queen opens the national assembly in Wales.

The Queen and Prince Phillip leave Holyrood House in Edinburgh

Photograph: Andy Barr/PA

1 July 1999

The Queen opens the Scottish parliament.

2000s

9 Feb 2002

Elizabeth’s sister, Princess Margaret, dies.

30 March 2002

Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, dies.

30 April 2002

Elizabeth launches her golden jubilee celebrations with a speech to both houses of parliament.
9 April 2005

Prince Charles marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor’s Guildhall. The Queen
attends the service of blessing held for the couple at St George’s Chapel.

21 April 2006

The Queen celebrates her 80th birthday.

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, The Duke of Edinburgh re-visit Broadlands, to mark their
Diamond Wedding Anniversary on November 20

Photograph: Tim Graham/Getty

19 Nov 2007

The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh mark their 60th wedding anniversary.

22 December 2007

Elizabeth II surpasses Victoria to become the UK’s oldest reigning monarch.

2010s

14 Oct 2010

The Queen cancels a planned Christmas party at Buckingham Palace after deciding it would be
inappropriate to celebrate as Britons feel the effects of the economic crisis.

29 April 2011

Prince William, second in line to the throne, marries Catherine Middleton at Westminster Abbey.

17-20 May 2011

The Queen visits Ireland, becoming the first British monarch to do so since its independence in 1921.
She expresses sympathy to those who suffered during hundreds of years of conflict between the two
neighbours.

6 Feb 2012

The 60th anniversary of the death of George VI and of Elizabeth’s accession to the throne.

2-5 June 2012

Events take place throughout the country to celebrate Elizabeth’s diamond jubilee, including a
pageant of 670 boats sailing along the Thames in London.

Actor Daniel Craig playing James Bond escorting Queen Elizabeth II through the corridors of
Buckingham Palace

Photograph: AFP/Getty

27 July 2012

The Queen opens the London Olympics. In her first acting role, a film shows her leaving Buckingham
Palace with James Bond, played by Daniel Craig, and appearing to parachute into the stadium in
Stratford, east London.

25 April 2013

The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 receives royal assent, so that the eldest child inherits the
throne regardless of gender. The act also ends the disqualification from the line of succession of a
person married to a Catholic.

4 June 2013

The Queen joins 2,000 guests for a service at Westminster Abbey to mark 60 years since her
coronation.

Duke and Duchess of Cambridge as they sit with their son Prince George in the garden of the
Middleton family home in Bucklebury, Berkshire

Photograph: Michael Middleton/PA

22 July 2013

The Duchess of Cambridge gives birth to a son at 4.24pm. Prince George is third in line to the throne.

2 May 2015

The Duchess of Cambridge gives birth to a daughter at 8.34am. Princess Charlotte is fourth in line to
the throne.

Queen Elizabeth at her desk in her private audience room in Buckingham Palace

Photograph: Mary McCartney/Buckingham Palace

9 September 2015
The Queen surpasses her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, and becomes Britain’s longest
ever reigning monarch.

21 April 2016

The Queen celebrates her 90th birthday.

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh raises his hat in his role as Captain General, Royal Marines, makes
his final individual public engagement as he attends a parade to mark the finale of the 1664 Global
Challenge

Photograph: Yui Mok/WPA/Getty

2 August 2017

Prince Philip, aged 96, retires from his official royal duties as the Queen’s consort, having completed
22,219 solo engagements and 5,493 speeches since 1952.

Queen Elizabeth II posing wearing a suite of sapphire jewellery given to her by King George VI as a
wedding gift in 1947

Photograph: David Bailey/AFP/Getty

6 February 2017

The Queen becomes the first British monarch to commemorate a sapphire jubilee.

Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh, taken in the White Drawing Room at Windsor Castle

Photograph: Matt Holyoak/CameraPress/PA

20 November 2017

The Queen and Prince Philip celebrate their platinum wedding anniversary after 70 years of
marriage. She is the first British monarch to do so.

23 April 2018

The Duchess of Cambridge gives birth to a second son at 11.01am. Prince Louis is fifth in line to the
throne.

Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex and his wife Meghan, Duchess of Sussex emerge from the West Door of
St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle, in Windsor, after their wedding ceremony.

Photograph: Ben Stansall/AFP/Getty

19 May 2018
Prince Harry, sixth in line to the throne, marries Meghan Markle at St George’s Chapel, Windsor
Castle.

Prince Harry, Meghan and Meghan’s mother, Doria Ragland, show their newborn son Archie to
Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip at Windsor Castle, 8 May

Prince Harry, Meghan and Meghan’s mother, Doria Ragland, show their newborn son Archie to
Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip at Windsor Castle, 8 May Photograph: Chris
Allerton/SussexRoyal/AFP/Getty

6 May 2019

The Duchess of Sussex gives birth to a son at 5.26am. Archie Mountbatten-Windsor is seventh in line
to the throne.

20 November 2019

The Queen in effect suspends Prince Andrew from duties by giving him permission to “step back
from public duties for the foreseeable future” after intense public reaction to a BBC Newsnight
interview about his friendship with the convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.

2020s

8 January 2020

The Duke and Duchess of Sussex announce they will step back from their roles in public life as senior
members of the royal family, and will divide their time between the UK and North America. The
couple confirm they will become financially independent and cease to represent the Queen. They
retain their HRH stylings but are not permitted to use them.

19 March 2020

The Queen and Prince Philip move to Windsor Castle and sequester there as a precaution as the
coronavirus hits the UK. Public engagements are cancelled and Windsor Castle follows a strict
sanitary protocol nicknamed HMS Bubble.

Queen Elizabeth during her address to the nation and the Commonwealth in relation to the
coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19), recorded at Windsor Castle

Photograph: Buckingham Palace/Reuters

5 April 2020

The Queen gives a rare televised address to the nation, the fifth in her 68-year reign, as an
unprecedented lockdown is enforced. The monarch thanks her subjects for following government
rules to stay at home, praises key workers, and asks people to “take comfort that while we may have
more still to endure, better days will return”. She adds: “We will be with our friends again; we will be
with our families again; we will meet again.” The broadcast is watched by an estimated 24 million
viewers.

7 March 2021

In a hotly anticipated interview with Oprah Winfrey, the Duchess of Sussex claims members of the
royal family had openly expressed concerns about how dark her son Archie’s skin would be and says
they had tried to deny him a royal title. Both Meghan and Prince Harry make a point of praising the
Queen and instead direct their criticism at the royal household. Two days later, the Queen issues a
statement saying “the issues raised, particularly that of race, are concerning” and that “some
recollections may vary”.

9 April 2021

Prince Philip dies “peacefully” at the age of 99 at Windsor Castle, two months before his 100th
birthday. The Queen, who was at his bedside, describes his death as leaving “a huge void” in her life.
Philip is the longest-serving royal consort in history.

Elizabeth II takes her seat for the funeral service of Britain’s Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh inside
St George’s Chapel in Windsor Castle

Photograph: Jonathan Brady/AFP/Getty

17 April 2021

Funeral of Prince Philip at Windsor. He had indicated wishes for a smaller funeral, though
amendments were still made to bring his service in line with Covid regulations, including quarantine
for members of his family travelling from abroad.

4 June 2021

The Duchess of Sussex gives birth to a daughter. Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor is eighth in line to the
throne.

20 October 2021

The Queen reluctantly cancels a planned two-day visit to Northern Ireland after advice from her
doctors that she should rest.

Queen Elizabeth II records a video message to attendees on the opening day of the Cop26 summit in
Glasgow, 1 November

Queen Elizabeth II records a video message to attendees on the opening day of the Cop26 summit in
Glasgow, 1 November Photograph: Buckingham Palace/Getty
20 October 2021

The Queen spends a night at King Edward VII’s hospital after being admitted for “preliminary
investigations” having cancelled a two-day trip to Northern Ireland on the advice of doctors that she
should rest for a few days. A palace source said a “cautious approach” had been taken by the
medical team aiding the monarch and the overnight stay was for practical reasons, adding that she
returned to Windsor and was undertaking “light duties” the next day. It was her first overnight stay
in hospital since 2013, when she was treated for gastroenteritis.

13 Jan 2022

The Queen further distances the monarchy from the Duke of York by stripping him of his military
affiliations and royal patronages. The palace also says he will not use the style His Royal Highness in
any official capacity. The move means Prince Andrew is completely removed from royal life.

15 February 2022

Prince Andrew settles the sexual assault case filed against him by Virginia Giuffre for an undisclosed
sum, avoiding having to give evidence in a trial and protecting the royal family from further
reputational damage.

Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, along with Princess Charlotte
and Prince Louis appear on the balcony of Buckingham Palace as part of Trooping the Colour parade
during the Queen’s Platinum Jubilee celebrations in London on 2 June 2022

Photograph: Hannah McKay/Reuters

2-5 June 2022

The Queen celebrates her platinum jubilee after a record 70 years on the throne. She crowns the
historic celebrations with a last-minute appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace, bringing
to a close four days of festivities over a bumper bank holiday weekend. In a written message, she
says she is “humbled and deeply touched that so many people have taken to the streets to
celebrate”.

Queen Elizabeth II welcomes Liz Truss during an audience at at Balmoral, Scotland

Photograph: Andrew Milligan/EPA

6 September 2022

In a break from tradition as a result of her ongoing mobility issues, the Queen appoints the 15th
prime minister of her reign, Liz Truss, at Balmoral Castle rather than Buckingham Palace. The
outgoing prime minister, Boris Johnson, also travels to Scotland to offer his resignation to the
Queen. The following day she postpones a privy council meeting, which she was due to attend
virtually, under doctors’ advice to rest.
This article was amended on 14 September 2022 because an earlier version incorrectly referred to
Mitterrand as the prime minister of France. He was the president.

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Queen Elizabeth II

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