Cie CH 10

Chapter (10)
Communication
Contents
 Communication constraints when using emails

 Email groups
 Cloud storage
 Spam
 Internet /Intranet
 World wide web (WWW)
 Blogs, wikis and social networking sites
 Searching the Internet for information
Communication with other ICT
users using email
Email Laws
 Emails are not sent out with false or misleading subject lines
 Require senders of emails to obtain ‘opt-in’ permission before emails are sent
out
 Must have a clear way for recipients to ‘opt-out’.
 Organization must make privacy policy very clear to subscribers
 Do not allow to harvest email addresses
 Organization must provide subscribers with a very clear way to unsubscribe
Opt-in and Opt-out
Acceptable language
 Do not use:
➢ Obscene images
➢ Language that is regarded as abusive, profane, defamatory, etc.
➢ Violent messages
➢ Illegal materials in messages
Copyright
 Emails and attachments from organzation will usually contain a copyright

statement.
Example:
Security and Password Protection
 Using strong passwords

 Changing passwords on a regular basis
 Using spam filters to remove suspicious emails to a junk folder
 Using anti-virus and anti-spam software
Netiquette
 Netiquette is a shortened form of Internet Etiquette
 Which refers to the need to respect other users’ veiws and display common
courtesy when posting views in online discussion groups or when sending
out emails.
Core Rules of Netiquette
 Don’t abusive
 Don’t send spam
 Be clear and brief expressd with your message
 Always check your spelling and grammer
 Respect people’s privacy
 Forgive people’s mistakes
 Don’t use CAPITAL LETTERS
 Don’t plagiarise – always acknowleges
 Don’t use too many emoticons
Spam
 Any unsolicited email (unwanted email) sent over the Internet is regarded
as spam.
 It is often sent to multiple recipients
 Dangerous spam can contain viruses or be part of a phishing scam
Disadvantages of spam mail
 It uses up people’s time
 It generally annoys people
 It uses up valuable bandwidth on the Internet, slowing it down
 It can have virus attached or even be part of a phishing scam
 It can clog up users’ inboxes
Email groups
 Send out to multiple emails if the addresses are all grouped together under
a single name
 Organisation can group people together for marketing purpose
 Organisations use email group to set up meetings
Other Email Operations
 carbon copies (cc)

 blind carbon copy (bcc)
 forward
 attachments
Carbon copies (Cc) and Blind carbon
copies (Bcc)
 Bcc address are invisible to everyone receiving the email, apart from the
Bcc recipient
 All recipients in a Cc list, can be seen by all other recipients.
Effective use of the Internet
The Internet
 The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

 That allows users to send/receive email, chat online, transfer files and
browse the world wide web
 The world wide web (WWW) is only part of the Internet, which users can
access by way of a web browser.
 WWW has been based on the hypertext transfer protocol (secure)
(HTTP/HTTPS).
 WWW consists of a massive collection of web pages.
The Internet Vs World Wide Web
Intranets
 An Intranet is defined as a computer network to meet the internal needs for
sharing information within a single organisaton or company.
 Intranets reside behind a firewall.
Advantages of Using Intranet
 Intranets are safer since there is less chance of external hacking

 It is possible to prevent external links
 Company can ensure that the information available is specific to their
needs
 Intranets offer better bandwidth than the Internet
 It is easier to send out sensitive messages
Differences between Internet and
Intranet
Internet Intranet
 International network  Internal restricted access network

 Internet can be public access  Intranet tends to be private access
 Internet covers topics of global interest  Intranet is used to give local information
 Possible to block websites but it is more  Possible to block certain websites
difficult
Extranets
 allow intranets to be extended outside the organisation, but with the same
advantages as an intranet
 this allows, trading partners to have controlled access to some information
(commercially-sensitive information is password protected)
Blogs
 Blogs (web logs) are personal internet journals
 Blogger will type in their observation on some topics and provide link to
some websites.
Features of blogs
 Updated on a regular basis by the author
 Normally public – anyone can read
 Update/Edit by a single author
 Other users can’t change blogs – they can only read
Microblogs
 Most often used on social networking sites to make short, frequent posts.
 Allow members to update their personal profile.
 Example: Facebook, Twitter
B-blog
 Business blog
 Which is used by businesses to promote themselves on the Internet.
WiKis
 Wikis are web applications or websites that allow users to create and edit
web pages using any web browser
Features of Wikis
 Anyone can edit, delete or modify the content
 Many authors can be involved in a wiki
 It can store a document history
 Can be easily edited using any web browser
 It is possible to organise a page any way that author wish
Social Networking Sites
 Social networking sites focus on building online communication of users
who share the same interests and activities.
Features of social networking sites
 Each member is provided with free web space
 Each member can build their own private and public profiles
 It is possible to upload contents
 It is possible to write on each other’s wall
 Members are given free instant messaging
 Members can create pages where they can post photos, articles and so
on.
 It is possible to invite people to become friends
Moderated and Unmoderated Forums
 A moderated forum is an online discussion forum in which all posts are checked by
an administrator before they are allowed to be posted.
 Moderator can filter out any posts that are inappropriate, rude or offensive.
 The internet is essentially an unmoderated forum.
 Most social forums or networking groups on the Internet have a set of rules that
members are requested to follow.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
 ISP is a company that provides users with access to the Internet.
 ISP provide the user with access to the Internet for a monthly fee.
 ISP has the equipment and telecommunication lines
 ISP used broadband connection, copper cables or fibre optic cables.
Web browsers
 A web browser is a software that allows user to display a web page on their
computer screen.
 They interpret or translate the HTML from websites and show the result of the
translation.
 Web browsers:
o Google Chrome
o Mozilla Firefox
o Microsoft Edge
o Safari
Web browsers features
 They have a ‘home’ page
 They have the ability to store user’s favourite webpages
 They keep a history of the websites visited by the user
 They have hyperlinks to navigate the web pages
Search engines
 Search engines are useful if you don’t know the URL of website.
 Popular search engines:
o Google
o Bing
o Yahoo
o AOL
Search engines
 They use the words entered in the search box and lookup in their database
of web pages to find out which of them match your search string.
Advantages of using Internet search to
find information
 Information on the Internet tendes to be up-to-date
 The Internet has vast amount of information
 Searching for information using a search engin is fast and easy
 There is no need to travel to a library to find required book
 Information on the Internet is usually free of charge
 Pages on the Internet can have multimedia elements
Disadvantages of using Internet search
 Internet is not regulated – anything can be posted.
 Information may be biased or totally incorrect.
 There is the risk of accessing inappropriate websites when using search
engines.
 It is easy to be distracted when searching on the Internet.
 The is the risk of information overloaded.
 It is easy to copy material from Internet, so, there is a huge risk of plagiarism.
 Some research skills are lost.
Why are internet searchs to find
relevant information not always fast?
 It is possilbe for millions of sites to be found matching the given criteria.
 It can also take a long time to obtain only relevant infromation.
 When using search engines, there is the danger of informatin overload.
 Search result may not contain exactly what the user is looking for.
Why isn’t it always easy to find reliable
information on the Internet?
 There is no guarantee that the material returned is accurate.
 The material can be inaccurate or unverified.
 Material posted on websited does not have to be checked by other
people.
 Information displayed on the web pages is no longer correct or relevant.
How can you evaluate the reliability of
information found on the Internet?
 Anybody can set up a website, so information is not reliable or accurate.
 Some commercial websites will be biased
 If a website has excessive adversting it could be unreliable
 It is possilbe to use the final part of a URL to identify website’s reliability, eg:
.gov, .uk, .mm
 Check if responsible bodies have endorsed the website
 Check if the website has links to other reliable websites
 Check if website has testimonials
 Check if the date of the last update of the content of website
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 HTTP is a set of rules that must be obeyed when transferring data across the
Internet.
 Protocols are set of rules agreed by the sender and recipienct when data is
being transferred between devices.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS)
 When some form of secuirty (SSL or TLS) certification and encryption is used,
then the protocol is changed to HTTPS.
 This is often seen as the padlock symbol.
 The letter “s” after http refers to “secure”.
 HTTPS is used for sensitive or private data is being transferred across the
Internet.
File transfer protocol (FTP)
 FTP is a network protocol used when transferring files form one compter to
another computer over the Internet.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
 Web browsers use URL to access websites, retrieve files.
 Example:
 http://109.108.158.1
 http://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/igcse_ICT
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
 Format: protocol://website address/path/filename
 Protocol is usually http or https
 Website address:
+ domain host (www)
+ domain name (name of website)
+ domain type (.com, .org, .co, .net, .gov)
+ Path, which is a webpage (root directory of website)
+ Filename, is the item on the web page
Internet risks
Internet risks

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Chapter (10)

 Communication constraints when using emails

 Emails and attachments from organzation will usually contain a copyright

 Using strong passwords

 carbon copies (cc)

 The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

 Intranets are safer since there is less chance of external hacking

 International network  Internal restricted access network

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