NAME: Assignment No 4

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1Oerîne CursoL. Enlist the types of Cusong and explain'uoith. ier

examplk
AnsPU/Ss CuKSDL fs a pcioikathat pointg to the TeAult 8et Dthe. at

SQL queny against database table

fochi Colum value îs poiokd using ponts-We can independtly
lmonipulahe CuAY Values. S

ACuHA0r f3a mechon'sm bs Lohich ue Can assin anameto a'SEIEE

|8tatement" and manpulake the inlpamation. and bèncethe xeAult
ts diaplauued. a

There oYe tuoo kinds of ur9Or:

Impliit Cursor
2.Explicit msom
lxImpliit Cusor
These QHe Cueated by dejautt ohen DML Statements (ihe INSERT,
UPDATE, Ond DEIETE Qtotements oHe executed They aHe also
Created when a SEIECT Statermert that rekins ~ust one to0
fs executed.
The SQl cursor attributes aHe:
%RowcOUNT:THe number DÂ rOLOS pocessed bya SQL Statement
"lo FoUNo:True if atleast one How oas processed
"lo NOT EDUND :Tue f no DOs tu4epMce3Sed
been
" SOPEN True ff Cusom 0S open oT false îf CusOL has
not opened or has been Closed

For Educational Use

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For Examplei A
toble pnram to.print Numbes of muos
deleked frmEMP
DECLARE
RoLDEL
BeGIN
NumbeH;
DELETE CROHEmps
RDWDEL: = SQL' ROWCOUNT,
DBMS. OUTPUT. PUT |INE
Row_DEL, CNo-DPoLOS deleted arl
END:
Explidt CusTS
JE SelectShotermens in PL/SsQL returns Muliple DUS then ue
Creakk an explicit Cursor. haueto
The Set DÊ HOLS Kekunned by A
1eSult set.Is Sizc is the numben DÊmulti-m Quexs fs called the.
ADuS that meet the 8eau(b
uiksa.
Syotox c£Rplicit Csor:
CURSOR Cursor Name IS S&L SELECT Statement,
Explicit ut sor Can be. Caoirolled usiog 4ollouingshuce Contnl
StatemenIs
OPEC: Opan Statement idenifesA the acfue Set.ie qiex4
Tehuned by Select Statemént
FETCH; fetch Statement 4ekches ADLOS into the vaxiabBea.CunsmS
Can be mocde fnto use usig Qssox Por Aoop 4fetch Shatement
CLOSE: Close Statement clbges the usA09.
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foL Exanmple
Prqnam tor accessinq the ows using utor

DECLARE Cusscr. L Sta

atio

CuRSOB_ C1 is Select RON ENP, iecia

St empno EM..
Sr ename EmpNo'% ype: blo
ine

FMP.lastNamele
Sr ob FMP.Tob tupe;
SEr mqm EMP.Mqr'letype
biype, ies a

SEr hirdate EMP

Hidate
Str SalEMP. Sal'%hype kkypei (Max
Str deptno hara

YDO Dumbeui EMP.DeptNO %Hype

BEGIN Char

fOR erec INC1

Pre
IF o
mwCount =roo THEN
DBMS DUTPUT.PUT INE (SH empno"lstr
Sr birdake || enames
S+ Sal str dept
END IE;
END LDDP.
END,

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 NAN

aDzscribe txteptBon handling în PL/saL

-An excepon is an eHHOY SÍtuacn,tohich aises. dueég
pogram execuHonwhen an eYAOY OCCUHS exceptfoo is raised,
norma executon is SBopped and Coorol transers to executon
to Pxceptan- hoodlinq paut.
-Exception handlexs aue routioes onitten to handle the exception.
PL/s&LPDvides a featuse to hondlethe exception obich oCCwt
ioo pL/SQL Block nsuon as exceptioo handtin ha
siog excepticn handling te Can test the Code and auo)d itjmm
exiing unexpeckedls when an exCeptioo ocLHS a mes 3042..
which exploYns irs Cause is receiued.
The Ssnt0x 4m odding the excepton ia given belouwr
DECIARE
Decdaxaton Section
BEGIN
Excepfon Section
ExCEPTIDN
WHEN ex nomei THÊN
-Eony hordiípg Statements
WHEN ex_name2 THEN
-fror handlfog StotementS
WHÊN COHh ers THEN
-Emrox handlig 8hatements
END

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 Dunbe.

DECACE

BEGN

dbgoutput put lineCGreat eot nuobet la'lo).

ISE I b>a AnD b>CTHEN
dhos output putline Greatest uroen fel6),
dbros.output put_line ('artarest huroben fe'll),
[ND If,
END,

QExplain use of datobase Tifggers-Wiite a Synlax to bueate. arnd

deleke irigge.
Ara Uciog dalabae Tiiggexsi
-Dala fs qenenaked bn is oon
2 Replicate Iable Can be rnaîntaiped.
3To enyoxce Cornplex înt cqrity Contraipls.
4. To edît data modificalions.
6. To auto încrement a eld

For EduCatlonal Uso

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yotax for reating tiggerîa qrtn belouw:.

CREATE OR REPLACE) TRIGGER triqgexname
CBEfOREAETER LINSIEAD OEI
CNSERT PDATE DELETE
LoN Lablename. foR EACH STATE MÊNT/fOor each ouo WHEN
Condiion
Suptax to delete a triggen,Ne U3e DROP TRIGGER Command.
DROP TRIGGER tiqqeH_name

0.5Explain proceduse. fo PL/SAL oith example.

Ans ASEored pDceduxe. or îo simple oa proc. fs a named PL/saLbloc.
ohich perjorma DnR OX MOYe &pecift toah.thk fs 8imilas to a
proedue fo othex poqrammioq lonquaqea
Siored pMcedusea offex advankaqes fnthe aueas of
deutlopnient
Allocation. ,nkeqaity.- Secuxityipexcoxmant,aDd mémny
The paDcedunes a4e Stored în the databases and
executed onthe database geHVeH LObich fs tikels to ane_thexeloe
more pouieul
than the clients.
The Code.fs gtored în pre-conmpiled4om ohich meansthatit is
Syntochically valid and does not neco'to be. Conmpiled atqu-tine,
Hherehs Sauing resoUHCeA.
ach useN O ihe. SBored procedune toill UAe eaeathy the Same form of
Lqueufes uohich means the quexs QHe Heused by redudog the
parsing Dvethead and frmprnving the Scalabiliy of agplicoions.
For Educational Use
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 NAME:
STD.: Statement Executor
DIV. DATE:
As tbe PAGE:
paDceduses atestored
ronse the Code,
anyeu intumediake lomthe clientsin1heothe databasethentisn noncedto
the dalabases e
SeUeL to the oro cienrs.
S6xplain blbc Struche oE PL/8.
) a lsa
ne 8al ods.a block-
PL/SSL Situcued
&tatementSlanguoget
The hasicathunit
Aset O toqically relaed 8atement& AoxMaPuSoLoanam
.A PL/SL bloch Ynp ssLs Cons'grs 4
Conists Of thaee Sectons: a blbck. oblock.
4.Keuuord
Declaraion SecHon: The declasaHon Recion
MOuiables OECIAPEThi s Secionis bplional and
staxt3.
fs uwin the
usedto declave
l.Fxecutfop ,ConstanSrecoTds
BEGIN and ends
and QursorS.
SecionThe txecuton Secon SBaxts uin
uufth END This is a he Keuuonrc
Cormpulsong(PKe Becsfon The
poqram Logic YS uiHen heae. The Constucis
&tatement and BQL SBatements_ aHe
LOntenhee. loops..C onat songl
.Exeeutiop
the Keuuonrd Exceptivn Secioni The Exception Sechion sBaxlS uwith
loe bandled PxCEPTIDN and fs opfonal.Anuy HMDHS Înthe poaxam
fn ths &ecion.
foL Example DECLARE
/Dec)auaive Secion; aíable,types, and
Local Subprograma."1
BEGIN
Executa ble &echion procedural and sqL&Batements c
here.
This ia the only blek. &echion of the block ia.
reQufred./
For Educational Use
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