NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY-2020

Dr. Balasubramanya H S
 What is the need of NEP-2020

 The famous statement of Nelson Mandela is displayed at

the entrance of the University of South Africa thus:

 "Destroying any nation does not require the use of

atomic bombs or the use of long-range missiles. It only
requires lowering the quality of education and allowing
cheating in the examinations by the students."
IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION
 1.What does Education Policy mean?
 Education policy refers to the collection of laws
and rules that govern the operation of education systems.

2.Why is it important to study education policy?

 Policies are important because they help a school/college to
establish rules and procedures and create standards of quality
for learning and safety, as well as expectations and
accountability.
 Without EDUCATION POLICY, educational institute would lack the
structure and unable to meet the needs of students.
3.What is the role of policy in education?
 Policies are important because they help a school/college
to establish rules and procedures in order to function effectively and
ensure everyone is connected.
 Schools/Colleges create standards of quality for learning and safety,
as well as expectations and accountability
4. What are the features of educational policy?
 The main characteristics reviewed are problems caused by
the intangibility of many educational goals, the inconsistency of
educational goals; priority ordering of goals and weighting of
educational goals; and the cost of goals.
Two notable observations from supreme court
of India
 1.”Toadays education failed to reform human behavior “ and

 2.”With increase in literacy level , There is decline in human

values in the society” .
Hence call for transformation in
education system
The Union cabinet in July 2020 approved the New Education
Policy (NEP), which aims at universalization of education from
pre-school to secondary level.
 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NEP 2020
 The new policy aims for universalization of education from pre-school to
secondary level with 100 per cent Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in school
education by 2030 and aims to raise GER in higher education to 50 per cent
by 2025.
 NEP 2020 will bring two crore out of school children back into the main
stream.
 The 10+2 structure of school curricula is to be replaced by a 5+3+3+4
curricular structure corresponding to ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years
respectively.
 It will include 12 years of schooling and three 3 of Anganwadi and pre-
schooling.
National Education Policy-2020
Reinventing the school education

Age 3-8 (5) Age 8-11 (3) Age 11-14(3) Age 14-18 (4)
 HIGHLIGHTS OF NEP-2020

 NCERT will develop NCPFECCE i.e. National Curricular and Pedagogical

Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education for children up to the
age of 8.
 A National Book Promotion Policy is to be formulated.
 All students will take school examinations in Grades 3, 5, and 8 which will
be conducted by the appropriate authority.
 Board exams for Grades 10 and 12 will be continued, but redesigned with
holistic development as the aim.
Emotional growth of the child.
Curtailing Dropout Rates and Ensuring Universal Access
to Education at All Levels
 One of the primary goals of the schooling system must be to
ensure that children are enrolled in and are attending school. India
has made remarkable strides in recent years in attaining near-
universal enrolment in elementary education.
 However, the data for later grades indicates some serious issues in
retaining children in the schooling system. The GER for Grades 6-
8 was 90.9%, while for Grades 9-10 and 11-12 it was only 79.3%
and 56.5%, respectively - indicating that a significant proportion
of enrolled students drop out after Grade 5 and especially after
Grade 8.
 As per the 75th round household survey by NSSO in 2017-18, the
number of out of school children in the age group of 6 to 17 years is
3.22 crore.
 It will be a top priority to bring these children back into the educational
fold as early as possible, and to prevent further students from dropping
out, with a goal to achieve 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio in preschool to
secondary level by 2030.

CURRICULUM AND PEDAGOGY IN SCHOOLS:

 Learning Should be Holistic, Integrated, Enjoyable, and Engaging
Restructuring school curriculum and pedagogy in a new 5+3+3+4
design for cognitive development of the children.
Holistic development of learners
 The key overall thrust of curriculum and pedagogy reform
across all stages will be to move the education system
towards real understanding and towards learning how to
learn - and away from the culture of rote learning as is
largely present today.
 The aim of education will not only be cognitive development,
but also building character and creating holistic and well-
rounded individuals equipped with the key 21st century skills.
 Specific sets of skills and values across domains will be
identified for integration and incorporation at each stage of
learning, from pre-school to higher education.
Reduce curriculum content to enhance essential learning and
critical thinking
 Curriculum content will be reduced in each subject to its
core essentials, to make space for critical thinking and
more holistic, inquiry-based, discovery-based, discussion-
based, and analysis based learning.
 The mandated content will focus on key concepts, ideas,
applications, and problem solving.
 Teaching and learning will be conducted in a more
interactive manner; questions will be encouraged, and
classroom sessions will regularly contain more fun,
creative, collaborative, and exploratory activities for
students for deeper and more experiential learning.
Empower students through flexibility in course choices
 Students will be given increased flexibility and choice of subjects to study,
particularly in secondary school - including subjects in physical education,
the arts and crafts, and vocational skills – so that they can design their own
paths of study and life plans.
 Holistic development and a wide choice of subjects and courses year to year
will be the new distinguishing feature of secondary school education.
 There will be no hard separation among ‘curricular’, ‘extracurricular ’, or
‘co-curricular’, among ‘arts’, ‘humanities’, and ‘sciences’, or between
‘vocational’ or ‘academic’ streams.
 Subjects such as physical education, the arts and crafts, and vocational skills,
in addition to science, humanities, and mathematics, will be incorporated
throughout the school curriculum, with a consideration for what is
interesting and safe at each age.
NEP 2020
Some of the major problems currently faced by the
higher education system in India include

 (a) a severely fragmented higher educational ecosystem;

 (b) less emphasis on the development of cognitive skills and
learning outcomes;
 (c) a rigid separation of disciplines, with early specialization
and streaming of students into narrow areas of study;
 (d) limited access particularly in socio-economically
disadvantaged areas, with few HEIs that teach in local
languages
 (e) limited teacher and institutional autonomy.
 (f) inadequate mechanisms for merit-based career
management and progression of faculty and institutional
leaders.
 (g) lesser emphasis on research at most universities and
colleges, and lack of competitive peer reviewed research
funding across disciplines;
 (h) suboptimal governance and leadership of HEIs
 (i) an ineffective regulatory system; and
 (j) large affiliating universities resulting in low standards of
undergraduate education.
The policy’s vision includes the following key changes to
the current system:

 (a) moving towards a higher educational system consisting of large,

multidisciplinary universities and colleges, with at least one in or
near every district, and with more HEIs across India that offer
medium of instruction or programms in local/Indian languages;
 (b) moving towards a more multidisciplinary undergraduate
education;
 (c) moving towards faculty and institutional autonomy;
 (d) revamping curriculum, pedagogy, assessment, and student
support for enhanced student experiences;
 (e) reaffirming the integrity of faculty and institutional leadership
positions through merit appointments and career progression based
on teaching, research, and service;
 (f) Establishment of a National Research Foundation to fund
outstanding peer-reviewed research and to actively seed research in
universities and colleges;
 (g) governance of HEIs by high qualified independent boards having
academic and administrative autonomy;
 (h) “light but tight” regulation by a single regulator for higher
education;
 (i) increased access, equity, and inclusion through a range of
measures, including greater opportunities for outstanding public
education; scholarships by private/philanthropic universities for
disadvantaged and underprivileged students; online education, and
Open Distance Learning (ODL); and all infrastructure and learning
materials accessible and available to learners with disabilities
NEW INSTITUTIONAL ARCHITECTURE

 The main thrust of this policy in higher education is to end the

fragmentation of higher education by transforming higher education
institutions into large multidisciplinary universities, colleges, and HEI
clusters, each of which will aim to have 3,000 or more students.
 It is envisioned that over a period of time all existing HEIs and new
HEIs will evolve into research-intensive universities (RUs), teaching
universities (TUs), and autonomous degree-granting colleges (ACs).
 This would require mapping existing HEIs in a rationalised manner to
achieve the new institutional architecture for higher education.
 The Centre and the States will work together to increase
the public investment in Education sector to reach 6 per
cent of GDP at the earliest.
 Advantages of New Education Policy 2020
 The Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of
NEP 2020.
 Approximately two crore school students will be able to come back to
educational institutes through this new approach.
 For children up to the age of 8, a National Curricular and Pedagogical
Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education will be designed and
developed by NCERT.
 One of the merits of NEP 2020 is the formation of National Book promotion
Policy in India.
 Appropriate authorities will conduct the school examinations for grades 3, 5 and
8. The board exams for grades 10 and 12 will continue but the NEP 2020 aims to
re-design the structure with holistic development.
 This new plan focuses on setting up a Gender Inclusion Fund. Special Education
Zones for disadvantaged regions and groups is also in the focused list.
 Special daytime boarding school “Bal Bhavans” to be established in every state/
district in India. This boarding school will be used for participation in activities
related to play, career, art.
 By 2022, in consultation with teachers and expert organizations, NCERT,
SCERTs, the National Council for Teacher Education will develop a common
National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST).
 SSSA or independent State School Standards Authority will be set up by the
states/ UTs.
 According to the national education policy 2020, an Academic Bank of Credit
will be established. The credits earned by the students can be stored and when the
final degree gets completed, those can be counted.
 Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities at par with
the IITs and IIMs will be set up in the country. These are scheduled
to be set up for introducing multidisciplinary academic.
 The same list of accreditation and regulation rules will be used for
guiding both the public and private academic bodies.
 Phased out college affiliation and autonomy will be granted to
colleges.
 By the year 2030, it will be mandatory to have at least a four year B.
Ed degree for joining the occupation of teaching.
 For making the students prepared for future pandemic situations,
online academic will be promoted on a larger scale.
Drawbacks of the New Education Policy
 In the National Education Policy 2020, language is a negative factor as
there is a problematic teacher to student ratio in India, thus introducing
mother languages for each subject in academic institutes is a problem.
 Sometimes, finding a competent teacher becomes a problem and now
another challenge comes with the introduction of the NEP 2020, that is
bringing study material in mother languages.
 According to the national education policy 2020, students willing to
complete their graduation have to study for four years while one can
easily complete his/ her diploma degree in two years. This might
encourage the pupil to leave the course midway.
 According to the national education policy 2020, students of
the private schools will be introduced with English at a much
earlier age than the students of the Government schools.
 The academic syllabus will be taught in the respective
regional languages of the Government school students.
 This is one of the major new education policy drawbacks as
this will increase the number of students uncomfortable in
communicating in English thus widening the gap between
sections of the societies.
CONCLUSION

With the introduction of NEP 2020, many changes have been made
and one of those is the discontinuation of M. Phil course. Even
though there are many drawbacks in the new education policy, the
merits are more in number. It is believed by many that by
implementing these changes, the Indian academic system will be
taken a step higher.