SOLVING REAL-LIFE

PROBLEMS
INVOLVING
FUNCTIONS
OBJECTIVES:

01 02 03
represent situations apply concepts solve problems
as functions and learned in solving involving functions.
evaluate functions real-life problems
to determine the involving functions.
required quantity.
 Solving problems involving
functions is essential in
predicting values that will help
in decision making process. This
lesson covers varied situations
that can be seen in real life such
as travel fares, monthly bills
sales and the like. It is hoped
that upon exploring this
learning kit you will find the
eager and enthusiasm in
completing the task required.
 Majority of the problems we encounter in real life situation
involve relationship between two quantities where one quantity
depends on another. For example, personnel in Department of
Health observes the number of persons infected by a particular
virus in a certain community increase with time. In finding out
the exact function relating to the number of persons infected to
time, modelling can be used. Once the model is determined
solving and predicting the properties of the subject being
studied can be done. At this point we will focus on solving in
order for us to predict answer to existing problems.
 YES I CAN!
Listed below are the skills and competencies you should possess
before proceeding to this lesson. Read the statements and assess
yourself whether you agree or disagree with the statements.
 If you agree with all the
statements that means you are
very much ready with this lesson,
however if there are some
statements where you disagree
that means you need to have a
quick review of the previous
lesson that will aid you in gaining
success in this lesson.
Let us take a quick tour to what
you learn in the previous lesson.
1. Being able to understand a problem presented is the first
thing that we learn on how to solve problems in Mathematics.
Careful reading leads you to thorough analysis in the
identification of given facts and in determining the required or
the unknown quantity. Precise label of the known and unknown
quantities will help you set up a direction towards the solution.
2. A function is a rule of correspondence between two non-
empty sets, such that to each element of the first set called
domain, there corresponds one and only one element of the
second set called range.
3. Functions are used to model real life situations and in
representing real – life situations the quantity of one variable
depends on or corresponds to or mapped onto another quantity.
4. Piece-wise function are functions that may be
represented by a combination or of equations.
5. If a function f is defined by y = f(x) and an
independent variable x is found by substituting x
into the function rule then it undergoes a
process of evaluating function. Moreover, you
also studied fundamental operation can be
applied to two or more functions to form a new
function. Such operations are addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Consider the examples below and reflect if you are
confident enough to proceed
1. Write a function C that represent the cost of buying x
facemask if a facemask cost ₱65.00.
2. A commuter pays ₱ 9.00 for a jeepney fare for the first
5 km and an additional ₱ 0.75 for every succeeding
distance d in kilometer. Represent the situation as
function
3. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 6, evaluate:
a. f(4) b. f(-2) c. f(-x)
4.Le 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2.
Find: a. 𝑓(3) + 𝑔(−2) c. 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓(9)
b. 𝑓(4) − 𝑔(0) d.
𝑔(8)
 JEEPNEY OR TRICYCLE?
Read and analyze the problem below.
Miguel is a senior high school student who
commutes from home to school which is 15
km apart. There are two modes of
transportation the first one is through jeep
and the other one is through tricycle. In
riding a jeepney the fare charge ₱9.00 for
the first 4 km travel and ₱0.75 for each
additional kilometer. Meanwhile in riding a
tricycle the fare would be ₱10.00 for the first
km travel and ₱1 for each additional
kilometer. Will you help Miguel analyze his
situation?
Questions
1. If you are Miguel and decided to ride in a
jeepney, how much will be your fare?
Hint: You may use the table below to compute
the fare.

2. If you decided to ride in a tricycle how much

will be your fare?
3. What characteristics
does Miguel possess if he
chose to ride a jeepney?
4. Is there any advantage
in riding a jeepney
instead of tricycle? Or
riding a tricycle instead of
jeepney? What would it
be?
5. If you are Miguel which
between the two modes of
transportation will you
choose? Why?
 Decision making is always part of our lives, from the
moment we wake- up we start to decide the proper action
to undertake be it minor or major decisions. In the problem
presented one of the factors that Miguel can use in making
decision about the dilemma he is facing is the cost of the
fare in jeepney and in tricycle. If he will ride a jeepney he
will only pay ₱17.25 however if he will ride a tricycle, he
needs to pay ₱24.00 So it will be more economical if he
chose to ride a jeepney. However, the cost of the fare is just
one of the factors. There are times that convenience is also
considered in choosing the mode of transportation since it
is not crowded, and you can reach your destination faster.
Therefore, in deciding the mode of transportation the
priority of the commuters whether to be more economical
or to meet convenience is considered.
 In the previous problem
we determine the cost of
the fare by using a table
wherein we repeatedly
add the fare charge per
kilometer. Thus, this type
of problem can be solved
using functions, and at
this point let us
determine how we are
going to do that.
 Example No. 1. LET’S TRAVEL
A proposed Light Rail Transit
System Line 1 (LRT-1) fare would
charge ₱18.00 for the first four
stations and ₱5.00 for each
additional station over the proposed
fare.
a. Find the fare function f(x) where x
represents the number of stations
traveled
b. Find the proposed fare for 15
stations
c. Find the proposed fare for 20
stations
To solve problems that involve functions you
can employ George Polya’s 4-step rule.
George Polya’s 4 – Step Rule
1. Explore. This step involves careful reading,
analyzing, identifying the given and unknown
facts in the problem and expressing the
unknown in terms of variables.
2. Plan. In this step writing an equation that
describes the relationships between or among
the variables is involve.
3. Solve. This step requires working out with
the written equation and other number
relations to determine the required quantities
that answer the question in the problem.
4. Check. The final step that employs the use
of other approaches to examine the
appropriateness of the answer.
SOLUTION
a. Explore. Since the first step involves
analysis and proper labeling of the known
and unknown facts, we will let x = number
of stations traveled. There are also some
conditions that was set in the problem
such as the cost of fare which is set up to
4 stations only thus, we can represent x –
4 = number of stations traveled over and
above 4 stations
Plan. In writing an equation that will
represent the relationship between the
known and unknown quantities, since we
know that if we travelled up to 4 stations,
we must pay P18, we can represent it as
f(x) = 18 for 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 4
However, if we travelled more than 4
stations the cost of the fare has
different method of computation, so
we need to consider it. Since the cost
of every station after the 4th station is
₱5.00 we will now obtain
f(x) = 18 + 5(x – 4)
Now simplifying the equation will lead
us to: f(x) = 18 + 5x – 20
f(x) = 5x – 2
At this point we can say that the fare
function is f(x) = 5x - 2
b. Solve. To find the fare charge for 15
stations the fare function f(x) = 5x -2 will be
used and 15 will be substituted to the
function
f(15) = 5(15) – 2
= 73
By evaluating the function we obtained
f(15) = 73
Check. To check whether we arrived at the
correct solution you can use table or graph.
Thus. the proposed fare for 15-station
travel is ₱73.00
c. f(20) = 5 (20) – 2
= 98
The proposed fare for 20 – station travel
is ₱98
 EXAMPLE NO. 2. BINGE WATCH
Lucena Network charges ₱450.00
monthly cable connection fee plus
₱130.00 for each hour of pay-per-view
(PPV) event regardless of a full hour or
a fraction of an hour.
a. Find payment function f(x) where x
represents the number of PPV hours.
b. What is the monthly bill of a
customer who watched 25 hours of
PPV events?
c. What is the monthly bill of a
customer who watched 0.5 hour of
PPV events?
SOLUTION:
a. ₱450.00 = fixed monthly cable
connection fee
Let x = number of PPV hours in a month
₱130.00(x) = amount of PPV payment in a
specific hour
The payment function is f(x) = 450 + 130(x).
b. The monthly bill of a customer who
watched 25 hours PPV events can be
represented by 24 < x ≤ 25.
f(x) = 450 + 130(x).
f(25) = 450 + 130(25)
= 450 + 3,250
= 3,700
The monthly bill of a customer who
watched 25 hours of PPV event is
₱3,700.00
c. The monthly bill of a customer
who watched 0.5hour PPV events
can be represented by 0 < x ≤ 1
and since the problem states that
regardless of a full hour or a
fraction of an hour the additional
charge will be made on hourly
basis only, thus the value of x will
be 1
f(x) = Php 450.00 + Php 130.00(x).
f(1) = Php 450.00 + Php 130.00(1)
= Php 450.00 + Php 130.00
= Php 580.00
 GROUP
ACTIVITY
Read each situation
carefully to solve each
problem.
Business As Usual
Bakers’ Club is trying to
raise funds by selling
premium chocolate chip
cookies in a school fair.
The variable cost to make
each cookie is ₱15.00 and
it is being sold for ₱25.00
So far the organization
has already shelled out
₱790.00 for the cookie
sale.
a. Find the profit function P(x) where x
represents the number of cookies sold
Hint: Profit = Total Revenue – Total Cost
Total Revenue = Price per unit x
quantity sold
Total Cost = Total variable cost + fixed
cost
b. If 146 cookies were sold, how much
is the total profit?
c. How many cookies must be made
and sold to break even?
Hint: Break-even point is the zero of P(x)
d. How many cookies should be sold to
gain a profit of ₱250.00?
Baker’s Nook
Elisha just opened a
bakery along Macalintal
Avenue which sells fresh
doughnuts. The selling
price is ₱20.00 per
doughnut and the cost of
making it is ₱8.00 The
daily operating expense is
₱600.00.
a. Find the profit function P(x)
where x represents the
number of doughnuts sold.
b. If 100 doughnuts were sold,
what is the total profit?
c. How many doughnuts must
be made and sold to break
even?
d. How many doughnuts
should be sold to gain a profit
of ₱600.00?
 Hello!
A certain cellphone company offers a plan that costs
₱1,200.00 per month. The plan includes 180 free minutes
of call and charges ₱7.00 for each additional minute of
usage.
a. Find the monthly cost function C(x) where x represents
the number of minutes used.
Hint: Monthly Cost = Plan Cost + Additional Charge per
Minute
b. How much is the monthly cost incurred if the owner
used 180 minutes of call?
c. How much is the monthly cost of the plan if the owner
used 300 minutes of call?
 Mall Goers
Inter Global Mall charges ₱30.00 for
the first hour or a fraction of an hour for
the parking fee. An additional ₱15.00 is
charged for every additional hour of
parking. The parking area operates from
7am to 12 midnight everyday.
a. Write a function rule for the problem
b. How much will be charged to the car
owner if he parked his car from 7am to
3pm?
c. How much will be charged to a car
owner who parked his car from 9am to
11:30pm?
 Connected!
CATV Lucena costs ₱1,500.00 a
month which also includes 15 GB of
data monthly. It charges ₱50.00 for
each additional gigabytes usage.
a. a. Find payment function f(g)
where g represents the number of
gigabytes used.
b. Find the monthly cost incurred if
the owner used 45 GB of data in a
month.
c. Find the monthly cost incurred if
the owner used 12 GB of data in a
month.
 Geometry
A man with 200 ft. of
fencing material wishes to
fence off an area in the
shape of a rectangle. What
should be the dimensions of
the area if the enclosed
space is to be as large as
possible? What is the largest
area?
Hint: A = lw, P = 2l + 2w
Thank you for listening ☺
HOPE YOU LEARN SOMETHING!

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