MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION,MUMBAI

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,BEED
[Institute Code:0032 ]

MICROPROJECT

Course & Code: Operating System (22516)

Title of Micro project: Detailed report on Ubuntu OS

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal

Seal of institute

1
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION,MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE OF MICROPROJECT

This is to certify that following students of CM5I (Division-A/B) of

Diploma in COMPUTER ENGINEERING of the institute
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,BEED, Institute code:0032, have
satisfactorily completed MICROPROJECT work in subject/Course:
Operating System (22516) for academic year 2024-25 as prescribed
in the curriculum.

Exa
Rol
m Name of Student Title of Microproject
l
Seat
No
No.
.

175 372140 TANGAFE

4 SHARAD
Detailed report on Ubuntu
SHAHADEV

Place:Beed Date:-- /-- -/2024

2
Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal

Seal
of
instit

3
 Teacher Evaluation Sheet
Name of Student: Tangade Sharad Shahadev Enrollment No:
23510230185 Programme: Computer Technology Semester: CM5I
Course Title & Code: Operating System (22516) Roll no: 1754

Title of the Micro-Project: [In short] Detailed report on Ubuntu

Course Outcomes Achieved:

CO 1: a. Introduction to Linux and Ubuntu

CO 2: b. Use operating system tools to perform various functions.
CO 3: c. Execute process commands for performing process management operations.
CO 4: d. Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average waiting
time. CO 5: e. Calculate efficiency of different memory management techniques.
C0 6: f. Apply file management techniques.

Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project

Sr. Poor Average Good Excellent
Characteristic to be assessed
No. ( Marks 1 - ( Marks 4 - 5 ( Marks 6 - ( Marks 9-
3) ) 8) 10 )
[A] Process and Product Assessment (Convert total marks out of 06)
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature
Review/information
collection
3 Completion of the Target
as per project proposal
4 Analysis and data
representation
5 Quality of Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
Total Marks Out of
(6)
[B] Individual Presentation/Viva (Convert total marks out of 04)
1 Presentation
2 Viva
Total Marks Out of
(4)
MIcro-Project Evaluation Sheet
Process and Product Total
Assessment (6 marks) Individual Mark
(Note: The total marks taken from the above Presentation/Viv s 10
Rubrics
is to be converted in proportion of ‘6’ marks)
a (4 marks)

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Name and designation of the Teacher: (Lecturer in CM)

Dated Signature…………………………………………………………………………

5
 Annexure-I
Part – A Micro-Project Proposal
(Format for Micro-Project Proposal A about 2-3 pages)

Title of Micro-Project: Detailed report on Ubuntu

Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project :

Deadlock Detection
Identify Deadlocks: The primary aim is to detect when a deadlock has occurred. This involves
monitoring resource allocation and process states to identify cycles or conditions where processes are
indefinitely waiting for resources held by each other.
Resolve Deadlocks: Once detected, the system must resolve the deadlock. This can be done
through: Process Termination: Aborting one or more processes involved in the deadlock.
Resource Preemption: Temporarily taking resources away from some processes and reallocating them
to others to break the deadlock12.
Deadlock Prevention
Avoid Deadlocks: The goal is to proactively prevent deadlocks from occurring by ensuring that the
system never enters an unsafe state. This can be achieved through:
Resource Allocation Policies: Implementing policies like the Banker’s Algorithm to allocate resources in
a way that avoids deadlocks.
Breaking Necessary Conditions: Structurally eliminating one or more of the necessary conditions
for deadlock, such as mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed :

CO 1: a. Install operating system and configure it.
CO 2: b. Use operating system tools to perform various functions.
CO 3: c. Execute process commands for performing process management operations.
CO 4: d. Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average waiting
time. CO 5 : e. Calculate efficiency of different memory management techniques.
C0 6: f. Apply file management techniques.

3.0 Proposed Methodology:

(Procedure in brief that will be followed to do the micro-project) in
about 100 to 200 words).

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 Step 1: Study the micro project.
First of all group members will go through the micro project list. The discussion will be done in
group After the topic will be finalized. The guide will help to clear the doubts and problem in project
making.

Step 2: Collecting information from internet, books.

The work will be distributed among the group members. And different format will be collected
for report making like certificate, teacher evaluation sheet, Annexure-A & B

Step 3: Finalizing the formats in collaboration.

All group member will go through sample collected, then format will be finalized.

Step 4: Finalizing the topic.

After finalizing the format, the topic will be discussed .the topic will be discussed unanimously and as
per the availability of material.

Step 5: Listing the stationary items required for project along with budget.
Everyone will give stationary list required for report writing.

Step 6: Discussion of budget in group and finalize the amount.

The group members will discuss their views and budget will be finalized.

Step 7: Collection of photos and information/contents.

Every group member will collect their data from different website, books and from personal visit to
industry and give it to project guide for proof reading. After proof reading the data along with photo
will be finalized and every group member will be proceed for their job.

Step 8: Printing/Drawing.
Printing or drawing will be done and shown to project guide

Step 9: Explanation/Preparation.
During oral/vi-va project will be explained.

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4.0 Literature Review :

Websites:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1436630/ubuntu-software-report-google-
chrome- stable-current-amd64-deb-is-unsafe-in-ubunt

5.0 Action Plan (Sequence and time required for major activity)

Planned Name of
Sr. Planned
Details of activity Finish Responsible Team
No. Start date
date Members
Introduction to Micro-project: Study for
1 05/08/2024 10/08/2024 Tangade Sharad
selecting Micro project topic
Introduction to Micro-project: Discussion
2 about selected Micro project topic with 15/08/2024 20/08/2024 Tangade Sharad
concerned Course Teacher
Introduction to Micro-project: Finalize and
3 25/08/2024 30/08/2024 Tangade Sharad
Study for selected topic
4 Drafting Proposals 01/09/2024 05/09/2024 Tangade Sharad
5 Proposal submission 06/09/2024 10/09/2024 Tangade Sharad
6 Micro project Proposal Presentation 11/09/2024 15/09/2024 Tangade Sharad
Making Changes in presentation, if suggested
7 16/10/2024 20/10/2024 Tangade Sharad
by concerned teacher
Executing Micro-Project: Study from different
8 21/10/2024 25/10/2024 Tangade Sharad
resources
Executing Micro-Project: Collect information
9 26/10/2024 30/10/2024 Tangade Sharad
from studied resources
Executing Micro-Project: Arrange collected
10 01/11/2024 05/11/2024 Tangade Sharad
information
11 Executing Micro project 06/11/2024 10/11/2024 Tangade Sharad
12 Drafting Methodology 11/11/2024 15/11/2024 Tangade Sharad
13 Drafting Literature Review 16/11/2024 18/11/2024 Tangade Sharad
14 Drafting Result, Discusser 19/11/2024 20/11/2024 Tangade Sharad
15 Micro project Presentation 21/11/2024 23/11/2024 Tangade Sharad
16 Micro Project final submission 24/11/2024 25/11/2024 Tangade Sharad

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6.0 Resources Required (major resources such as raw material, some
machining facility, software etc.)

S. Name of
Specifications Qty Remarks
No. Resource/material

Processor:12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1240P

1. Computer 01
RAM: 8GB

Operating System Windows 11 -

2 MS Word For Writing a Report -
3 Google Chrome https://askubuntu.com/questions/1436630/
Browser ubuntu-
-
software-report-google-chrome-stable-
current- amd64-deb-is-unsafe-in-ubunt
4 Printer Taking Print 01

Names Of Team Members With Enrollment No

Enrollement No. Name Of Student

23510230185 TANGADE SHARAD SHAHADEV

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 Annexure – I
(Outcomes after Execution) Format for Micro-Project Report (Minimum 6 pages)
Part – B Micro-Project

Title of Micro-Project: Detailed report on Ubuntu

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project

Aim of the Microproject:-

The aim of this microproject is to introduce students to the Ubuntu operating

system, one of the most popular Linux-based operating systems, by exploring its
fundamental concepts, installation processes, file system structure, and basic
command-line operations. This project is designed to help students understand the
principles of open-source software, gain hands-on experience with Ubuntu, and apply
basic troubleshooting techniques.

3. Objectives of the Microproject

The specific objectives of the microproject include:

 Objective 1: To understand the architecture and features of Ubuntu as a Linux

distribution.
 Objective 2: To install and set up Ubuntu on a virtual machine or a physical
system.
 Objective 3: To explore and navigate the Ubuntu file system and directory
structure.
 Objective 4: To develop proficiency with basic command-line operations
essential for system management.
 Objective 5: To learn basic troubleshooting techniques for common issues in
Ubuntu.
 Objective 6: To encourage a practical understanding of open-source principles
and software management on Linux-based systems.

4. Methodology

The microproject is divided into several steps, each focusing on a different aspect of
the Ubuntu operating system.

Step 1: Research and Planning

 Research: Conduct preliminary research on Linux, its architecture, and

various distributions, with a focus on Ubuntu’s history, use cases, and benefits.
 Planning: Outline the project structure, determine required resources
(hardware and software), and set up a timeline for each stage.

Step 2: System Setup and Installation

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

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  Installation: Install Ubuntu on a virtual machine (e.g., using VirtualBox) or
a physical computer, based on available resources.
 Initial Setup: Configure essential settings, such as system language, time
zone, and network configuration.

Step 3: Exploring Ubuntu Features

 User Interface: Familiarize yourself with Ubuntu’s desktop environment,

default applications, and system settings.
 Package Management: Install and manage software using apt, the primary
package manager for Ubuntu, and explore software from the Ubuntu Software
Center.

Step 4: File System and Command-Line Operations

 File System Structure: Navigate through the Ubuntu file system, learning
the purpose of key directories like /home, /etc, /usr, and /var.
 Command-Line Basics: Execute basic file and directory commands (ls, cd,
cp, mv, rm, etc.), permissions management (chmod, chown), and user
management commands.

Step 5: Troubleshooting and Maintenance

 System Monitoring: Learn to monitor system resources using tools like top and
df.
 Basic Troubleshooting: Identify and resolve common
issues such as network configuration errors, package
dependency conflicts, and permission-related errors.

Step 6: Documentation and Reporting

 Document Findings: Keep detailed records of all steps, issues encountered,

and solutions applied during each stage of the microproject.
 Prepare Final Report: Summarize key learnings, challenges, and outcomes
of the microproject for submission.

5. Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of this microproject, the following outcomes are expected:

 Proficiency in Installation: Developed the ability to install Ubuntu and configure

essential system settings independently.
 Familiarity with the Ubuntu File System: Gained an understanding of the structure
and purpose of key directories within Ubuntu’s file system.
 Basic Command-Line Skills: Acquired foundational command-line skills to
navigate, manage files, and perform essential system operations.
 Troubleshooting Abilities: Gained hands-on experience with basic troubleshooting
techniques, enhancing problem-solving skills in a Linux environment.
 Understanding of Open-Source Principles: Learned the principles of open-source
software, package management, and how Linux-based systems support customization
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and flexibility.

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.

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved (Add to the earlier list if more COs are
addressed)

CO 1: a. Install operating system and configure it.

CO 2: b. Use operating system tools to perform various functions.
CO 3: c. Execute process commands for performing process management operations.
CO 4: d. Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average
waiting time. CO 5 : e. Calculate efficiency of different memory management
techniques.
C0 6: f. Apply file management techniques.

4.0 Literature Review :

Websites:
https://ubuntu.com/desktop

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed.

Step 1: Study the micro project.

First of all group members derived the micro project list form the project guide and went through the
topics. The discussion will be done in group. After the topic will be finalized. The guide will helped to
clear the doubts and problem in project making.
Step 2: Collecting information from internet, books.
Then the work was distributed among the group members.the preliminary search was collection of
different formats required for microproject.this responsibility was given to Mr.piyush Deshmukh he
made search of welding form different websites,books,magazines etc.for tis they took help of
teachers,parants,neighbours,and visited some places also and the collection was done by them,
Step 3: Finalizing the formats in collaboration.

All group member will go through sample collected, everyone expressed their views on making of job
using welding and requirement of data.After one hour discussion on it all members finalized the
annexure A,B

Step 4: Finalizing the topic.

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After finalizing the format, the topic will be discussed . the different field were discussed by the
members.among that it was decided to prepare micro-project on topic “Create a report on
Deadlock

15
 detection, Handling and prevention”. the topic will be discussed unanimously and as per the
availability of material.and everyone was given deadline for that.
Step 5: Listing the stationary items required for project along with budget.
Everyone was told to prepare stationary list required for report writing and information collection and
keep ready budget for it.
Step 6: Discussion of budget in group and finalize the amount.
In the next week every group members discussed their views and budget was finalized.it was Rs 20
each and it was told budget of group should not exceed than the above amount.
Step 7: Collection of photos and information/contents.
Every group member will collected their data from different website, books and from personal visit to
industry and gave it to project guide for proof reading. After proof reading the data along with photo
were be finalized and every group member started their job.
Information collected and included in this
report Step 8: Printing/Drawing.
We all decided to make report in print format,one member took printout of report,it was shown to
project guide by every member and collected tips for presentation.
Step 9: Explanation/Preparation.
Everyone did good preparation of micro-project which was needed for vi-va
6.0 Actual Resources Used (Mention the actual resources used).

S.
Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty Remarks
No.
Processor:12th Gen Intel(R)
1. Computer Core(TM) i5-1240P 01
RAM: 8GB
Operating System Windows 11 -
2 MS Word For Writing a Report -
3 Google Chrome Browser https://ubuntu.com/desktop -
4 Printer Taking Print 01

7.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects

 Proficiency in System Installation

 Successful installation of Ubuntu on a virtual machine or physical system.

 Configuration of basic system settings such as network, language, and time zone.

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  Command-Line Competency

 Mastery of basic Linux commands for file navigation, file manipulation, and system management.
 Understanding of user management and file permissions through the command line.

 System Configuration and Package Management

 Installation, management, and removal of software packages using apt and the Ubuntu
Software Center.
 Familiarity with Ubuntu’s default applications and tools for system customization.

8.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcome of this Micro-Project

Through this microproject the following things are learnt and the skill developed by the group
1. The concept of project understood.

2. The structure and requirement of proposal and report understood.

3. The necessity of team work is understood.
4. What is the role of group leader and team member? It well understood.
5. The importance of time management and good communication skill is understood.
6. How to search information and use of different online tools came to know.
7. The writing in English skill is developed.
8. The new words are collected.
9. The computer access skill is developed.
10. Able to tackle and solve the problem arises due to miscommunication and misunderstanding.
11. The decision making ability is developed but needed good cooperation.

9.0 Applications of this Micro-Project

1. Introduction:

The Ubuntu Operating System Micro-Project provides a hands-on exploration of

Ubuntu, an open-source, Linux-based operating system. This micro-project helps
individuals develop foundational skills in system installation, file management, basic
command-line operations, system monitoring, and troubleshooting. These skills are
essential for various applications across fields such as system administration, software
development, cloud computing, and cybersecurity

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2. Real-World Applications of the Ubuntu Micro-Project

The knowledge gained from this micro-project has a wide range of applications
in both professional and personal contexts. Below are some of the key areas
where Ubuntu skills can be applied:

3.System Administration and IT Support:

Objective: Apply Ubuntu skills to manage and maintain systems in both small
and large-scale IT environments.

 System Configuration and Management: The skills learned in setting up and

configuring Ubuntu allow system administrators to install, configure, and maintain
Ubuntu servers or workstations in organizations. This includes tasks like user
management, package installation, and system updates.
 Troubleshooting and Maintenance: Ubuntu provides tools for system monitoring
and troubleshooting (e.g., top, htop, ping). Administrators can use these skills to
diagnose and fix issues related to system performance, network connectivity, or
hardware failures.
 Security Configuration: Ubuntu is often used in enterprise environments for its
security features. The knowledge gained about configuring firewalls (ufw), setting up
SSH, and managing permissions can be directly applied to enhance system security.
 Automation and Scripting: Skills learned in working with the Ubuntu command line
enable the creation of automation scripts using Bash or Python, which is critical for
automating repetitive tasks in system maintenance, such as backups or software
updates.

Software Development and Testing:

 Development Environment: Ubuntu is a popular platform for developers because of

its compatibility with various programming languages and frameworks. The skills
learned in this micro-project, such as installing and managing development tools (gcc,
python, git), allow developers to create and manage an efficient development
environment.
 Software Testing: Ubuntu is often used to test software in controlled environments.
The ability to set up a clean installation of Ubuntu for testing purposes (e.g., using
virtual machines) is a valuable skill in the software development lifecycle. Developers
and testers can use Ubuntu to evaluate performance, debug issues, and deploy
applications in production-like environments.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me immense pleasure to express my deepest sense of gratitude and

sincere thanksto my highly respected and esteemed guide Prof.
BANSODE
P.J. Lecturer in Computer Technology Department, for their valuable
guidance, encouragement and help for completing this work. Their useful
suggestions for this whole work and co-operative behavior are sincerely
acknowledged.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr. S.B.VEER, Head of

Computer Technology Department for giving me this opportunity to undertake
this project andfor his kind hearted support. I would also like to thank Dr. M
R LOHOKARE, principal for whole hearted support. I also wish to express
my gratitude to All teachers, friends, Diploma Incharge for his kind hearted
support. I am also grateful to my teachers Prof. BANSODE P.J. for their
constant support and guidance.

I also wish to express my indebtedness to my parents as well as my family

member whose blessings and support always helped me to face the
challenges ahead. At the end I wouldlike to express my sincere thanks to all
my friends and others who helped me directly or indirectly during this
project work.

MR. TANGADE SHARAD

SHAHADEV ENROLLMENT NO:
23510230185

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What Is Ubuntu?
Ubuntu is a popular free and open-source Linux-based operating system you
can use on a computer or virtual private server.
Ubuntu was introduced in 2004 by a British company Canonical. It was based
on Debian – a popular distro back then – which was difficult to install. As a
result, Ubuntu was proposed as a more user-friendly alternative.
As the manager of Ubuntu, Canonical is responsible for releasing a
new Ubuntu version every six months. Canonical also provides hosting servers
for Ubuntu Community, allowing people worldwide to contribute to testing
software bugs, answer questions, and give technical support for free.
This article will discuss what Ubuntu is and several reasons why it is so popular.
We will also explore the differences between Ubuntu and Linux.

Why Is Ubuntu So Popular?

According to Ubuntu’s official website, it is the world’s most widely used Linux
workstation platform. We will explain six reasons why it is so popular for both
computers and private servers.

User-Friendliness
Ubuntu uses Linux desktop environments for its interface. Since Ubuntu
17.10, GNOME is the default one. GNOME doesn’t clutter the screen with
descriptions, instead using icons to facilitate navigation.
By default, GNOME features the Activities panel on the left taskbar.

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Ubuntu uses Linux desktop environments for its interface. Since Ubuntu
17.10, GNOME is the default one. GNOME doesn’t clutter the screen with
descriptions, instead using icons to facilitate navigation.
By default, GNOME features the Activities panel on the left taskbar.

Controls are situated on the top-right corner of the screen

21
A full applications overview can be viewed by clicking the grid
button on the bottom-left corner of the screen.

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Strong Security
Ubuntu is open-source, undergoing constant checks and reviews by its community
members. As a result, any security vulnerabilities can be identified and eliminated
quickly. Generally, Linux distributions have fewer security flaws compared to
other operating systems.
What’s more, Ubuntu employs AppArmor, a kernel enhancement that restricts
how programs behave and limits their resources. It works when you have profiles
inserted into the kernel.
These consist of text files containing access rules for each application. AppArmor
can mitigate the extent of security breaches since programs don’t have unlimited
permissions.
In addition, there are a number of security practices Ubuntu supports, such as
automatically installing security updates, using sudo instead of root Linux user,
implementing complex passwords, setting up a VPN server, configuring firewall using
ufw, and enabling iptables.

More Software Options

Most of the popular macOS and Windows applications such as Slack, Spotify,
and Firefox are also available for Linux users and can be installed via the Ubuntu
Software Center. Even if you can’t find the application you want, chances are
there is a quality alternative available. For example, Libre Office works just as well
as Microsoft Office.

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Another option you can use aside from the Ubuntu Software Center is Snapcraft. It is an
application created by Canonical that contains open-source and proprietary software
packages available for Linux-based operating systems. One major advantage of Snapcraft
is that it uses the snapd daemon that automatically checks and updates applications.

Enhanced Privacy
Just like any other operating system, Ubuntu has its data privacy policy. There are
four fundamental principles that Ubuntu follows in terms of personal information
processing:

 Ubuntu doesn’t ask for personal data unless it truly needs such
information for legal purposes.

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  Ubuntu doesn’t share its users’ personal information with anyone except to
provide its customers with products and services, comply with the law, and
protect its rights.
 Ubuntu doesn’t store personal information except if it is required for the
operation of services, to provide products, comply with the law, or protect
its rights.
Ubuntu also collects some hardware information as well as location and usage data.
However, you can always stop it from doing so. For example, location services can
be disabled via the Privacy settings, as shown below.

Lightweight Performance
Ubuntu is not resource-intensive – it operates smoothly on low-end devices. The
default interface can run on less than 1 GB of RAM. What’s more, a lot of Ubuntu
desktop environments are even more lightweight. For example, Lubuntu can run on
systems with as little as 512 MB of RAM.

25
In comparison, both Windows and macOS require considerably more resources –
both macOS Big Sur and Windows 11 need a minimum of 4 GB of RAM to run.
This is because these operating systems have resource-heavy user interfaces (UIs)
with advanced features incorporated in them.

Free of Charge
Ubuntu is a free open-source operating system that you can download from its
official website. You can also modify its source code as you see fit – as of now,
there are numerous projects based on Ubuntu.
In comparison, macOS and Windows are closed-source operating systems. To use
Windows, you need to buy a computer that comes with it or purchase a license
which starts at $139/license. Meanwhile, macOS is not available for purchase – it
comes pre-installed with Mac devices.

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 Conclusion

While there are various Linux distributions available online, the most popular among
them is Ubuntu. It is a free and open-source operating system.
Here are six reasons why Ubuntu is so popular:

 User-friendliness. – Ubuntu has a simple and intuitive interface.

 Strong security – Ubuntu employs AppArmor and advanced

security measures to prevent breaches.
 More software options – Ubuntu has a massive number of applications you
can install, many of which are available exclusively for the operating system.
 Enhanced privacy – Ubuntu ensures a strict data privacy policy and
allows users to customize privacy settings.
 Lightweight performance – the default Ubuntu interface only uses less than
1 GB of RAM. Therefore, the operating system works on low-end devices.
 Free of charge – Ubuntu is a free open-source Linux distribution.

THANK YOU …..

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