Chapter 1:environment: Faculty Name: Kiran R. Borade

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Chapter 1:Environment

FACULTY NAME: KIRAN R. BORADE


1.1 Introduction
Environment: The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or
operates.
The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally,
meaning in this case not artificial.
Environment is derived from French word ‘Enviro’.
In simple word we can say that everything which surround us is called environment.
1.2)Environmental studies
• Environmental studies is a multidisciplinary academic field which systematically studies human
interaction with the environment.
• Need of Environmental studies:

1) Create awareness about preserving the environment

2) Participate in the mass movement to protect nature

3) Learn how to use resources sustainably

4) To understand current environmental problems.


1.4)Segments of Environment
1. As per the French
word Environner
5. Environmental Studies:
a. is an interdisciplinary
MCQs
means: academic field
a. Atmosphere b. methodically studies human
b. Earth & Sun interaction with the
c. Encircle & Surround environment
d. Earth & Energy c. includes the natural
2.Earth Day is on: environment, built environment,
a. Jan-22 and the sets of relationship
b. Feb-22 between them
c. Mar-22 d. all of the above
d. Apr-22 6. Environmental Issues are
3. Van Mahotsav is an discussed and solved in subject
annual tree-planting a. Sociology
festival in India, b. Economics
celebrated on: c. EVS
a. 2nd June d. None of the above
b. 1st July 7. Abiotic environment does not
c. 1st December include :
d. 15th September a) air b) water c) soil d) Plants
4. Environmental Studies does not
involve:
a. Psychology b. Demography
c. Ethics d. Literature
(i) Atmosphere:

The air envelope surrounding the earth is known as Atmosphere.

 This protective envelop surrounding earth sustain life on earth and protect us from unfriendly

environment of outer space.

 It extends to the height of about 1600 km from the earth surface.

 It consists of life saving gases like O2 for human beings and animals and CO2 for plants
(ii) Hydrosphere
This includes all the surface and ground
water resources such as oceans, seas,
rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs,
glaciers, polar ice caps, ground water
and water locked in rock and crevices
and minerals laying deep below the
earth's crust.
(iii)Biosphere

It includes atmosphere, hydrosphere , lithosphere


with life like plants, animals,& other organism.
(iv) Lithosphere

 The lithosphere consists of upper

mantle and the crust.

 The crust is the earth's outer skin that

is accessible to human.

 The crust consists of rocks and soil of

which the latter is the important part of

lithosphere.
1.5)Environmental Issues:
1) Greenhouse Effect:

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the
Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse
gases. ... The absorbed energy warms the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth.

Greenhouse gases help to maintains earth’s temperature at a level suitable to support life.
Which gas is the main cause of greenhouse effect?
Properties of Carbon Dioxide. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human
activities
VIDEO: GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
2)Climate Change:
Climate change describes a change in the average conditions — such as temperature and rainfall — in a region over
a long period of time.

Causes of climate change:


1)Humans are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth's temperature by burning fossil fuels, cutting down
rainforests
2)Heat trapping gases like CO2 cause the earth to warm up. leads to rising sea level, fires, floods, melting snow/ice.
VIDEO: CLIMATE CHANGE
3)Global warming
The rising average temperature of Earth's climate system, called global warming, is driving changes in rainfall
patterns, extreme weather, arrivals of seasons, and more. Collectively, global warming and its effects are known
as climate change.

Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on earth in the forms of widespread
flooding and extreme weather.
VIDEO: GLOBAL WARMING
4)
5)Ozone Depletion
Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the
upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing
gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities.
 Ozone depletion is a major environmental problem because it increases the amount
of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches Earth’s surface, which increases the rate of skin
cancer, eye cataracts, and genetic and immune system damage.
How can we protect the ozone layer?
•Avoid the consumption of gases dangerous to the ozone layer, due to their content or
manufacturing process. ...
•Minimize the use of cars. .
VIDEO: OZONE DEPLETION
6.Nuclear Accidents
VIDEO: NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS
Concept of 4R Principal in Environment
Public awareness about environment

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