High and low level languages

Difference between High Level and Low level HIGH LEVEL LOW LEVEL
languages S.NO
LANGUAGE LANGUAGE
It is
It is a machine
Both High level language and low level 1.
programmer
friendly
language are the programming languages’s types. friendly
language.
language.
It is easy to It is tough to
The main difference between high level 3
understand. understand.
language and low level language is that,
It is complex
It is simple to
4. to debug
Programmers can easily understand or interpret or debug.
comparatively.
compile the high level language in comparison of It is complex
It is simple to
machine. 5.
maintain.
to maintain
On the other hand, Machine can easily understand comparatively.
the low level language in comparison of human 6.
It can run on It is machine-
beings. any platform. dependent.
It needs
compiler or It needs
Examples of high level languages 7. interpreter assembler for
are C, C++, Java, Python, etc for translation.
Exmaple of low level language is Assembly Language translation.
 Software
Software is a generic term for organized collections
of computer data and instructions, often broken into
two major categories: system software that provides
the basic nontask-specific functions of the computer,
and application software which is used by users to
accomplish specific tasks.
 System software
System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and
managing the individual hardware components of a computer
system
so that other software and the users of the system see it as a
functional unit without having to be concerned with the low-
level details
such as transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering
text onto a display.

Generally, system software consists of an operating system and

some fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file
managers, display managers, text editors, user authentication
(login) and management tools, and networking and device
control software.
 Application software
Application software is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just
running the computer system.
Application software may consist of a single program, such as an image viewer;
Or
a small collection of programs (often called a software package) that work
closely together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet or text
processing system;
Or
a larger collection (often called a software suite) of related but independent
programs and packages that have a common user interface or shared data
format, such as Microsoft Office, which consists of closely integrated word
processor, spreadsheet, database, etc.;
Or
a software system, such as a database management system, which is a
collection of fundamental programs that may provide some service to a
variety of other independent applications.
Comparison
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

OPERATING SYSTEMS
OS General Definition
 An OS is a program which acts as an
interface between computer system users
and the computer hardware.
 It provides a user-friendly environment in
which a user may easily develop and execute
programs.
 Otherwise, hardware knowledge would be
mandatory for computer programming.
 So, it can be said that an OS hides the
complexity of hardware from uninterested
users.
General Definition

 In general, a computer system has some

resources which may be utilized to solve
a problem. They are
◦ Memory
◦ Processor(s)
◦ I/O
◦ etc.
General Definition

Mainboard
General Definition
General Definition

mainboard
General Definition

processor
General Definition

RAM
General Definition
 The OS manages these resources and
allocates them to specific programs and
users.
 With the management of the OS, a
programmer is rid of difficult hardware
considerations.
 An OS provides services for
 Processor Management
 Memory Management
 File Management
 Device Management
 Concurrency Control (the execution of the
multiple instruction sequences at the same time)
General Definition

A more
A simple program sophisticated Hardware
segment with no OS program segment Machine response
hardware with hardware Language
consideration consideration
General Definition

 In a more simplistic approach, in fact, OS

itself is a program.
 OS uses the kernel mode of the
microprocessor, whereas other programs
use the user mode.
 The difference between two is that; all
hardware instructions are valid in kernel
mode, where some of them cannot be
used in the user mode.
Kernal
Definition: The operating system provides us a graphic interface to give the
command to the computer system. But system can’t understand these commands
directly.

Translation of code into binary language done by the core component of an

operating system (OS), i.e., KERNEL. User deal with the lowest layer of kernel and
then kernel deal with system.

Kernel plays a role of mediator between system hardware and software.

The kernel is not an operating system (OS); it is a central module of operating
system.
It is the first program that loaded into protected memory area during the booting
process.
It remains present in memory till the system power is on.
The kernel is a low-level abstraction layer.
User’s operation used a system call to interact with system.
System calls invoke kernel, and then kernel executes user’s operation.
Kernel use space to manage all the working of a system like process management,
memory management, device management, I/O management and the user using user
space for running program or writing a program.