ABSTRACT

This study involves creating the Donation Box is an idea wherein an

automated and safe donation system has been developed using IoT. IoT refers to
devices connected over the internet that enable them to collect and share data. On
this system, the user can donate food, grocery, or money using an LCD with three
buttons. Once the user selects the donor type and inputting their cellphone
number, then the donor places the item on a plate. Then, after placing the item,
the system automatically sends a message both to the donor and to the
organization containing confirmation about the donation type and the phone
number. This way, the organization is able to monitor all the donations it receives
in real time.

The system is equipped with security and monitoring attributes through IoT
sensors. It also provides protection against any form of theft. If an unknown
person tries to withdraw something from the donation box, then an alert
notification message is automatically sent to the organization. Thus, the objects
placed inside are nicely protected. Since IoT technology is used, it would result
in immediate monitoring and communication. In this way, it makes the donation
process smooth and secure for both the donors and the organization. It
streamlines the donation process while strengthening simultaneously the
transparency and security factor involved in charitable donations.

Keywords: Smart Donation Box (Internet of Things), Real Time

Communication, Security Alerts, Donation Tracking.
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

In today's world, technology plays a very important role in making things

simple and secure. The process of donating will be no exception. The Donation
Box project is aimed at simplifying the easy contribution of food items or
groceries and/ or money easily using an automated system. Internet of Things in
addition enables it to introduce some real-time communication between donors
and organizations for the benefit of donors in a more secure and streamlined way.

The Donation Box has a crystal-clear interface with three buttons on an

LCD display: food donation, grocery donation, and monetary donation. The
donor first selects the type of donation he or she is making. The system will then
ask the donor to input their phone number through the keypad so that their
contribution can be recorded and, if necessary, traced.

Once the donor selects his or her option and inputs the phone number, they
can make their donation on the plate indicated at the bottom of the Donation Box.
Weight sensors inside the box sense the existence and weight of the item donated;
thus, the donation is confirmed. For security purposes, the system has an IR
sensor that detects unauthorized removal of items and sends alerts to the
organization concerned in such cases.

The Donation Box has the capability of sending two kinds of notifications:
one to the donor, saying they appreciate the contribution made and the other to
the organization, with the type of donation received and the phone number of the
donor. Thus, through better communication, it is possible to manage incoming
donations.

The IoT dimension of this project ensures that every process involved in
donation, the moment the act was perpetrated by the donor to the response from
the organization, stays connected in that regard. The integration of real-time alerts
and alerts on security has been added to the system to foster accountability as
well as security, hence increasing more people donating in a safe, transparent
process.

Generally, IoT-based Donation Box lets the donating process be easy and
simple, offering security with an automatic system, which is effective for both
the donor and the organization. Modern technology elevates this traditional
process of donating to become easy, efficient, and reliable.

1.2 ARDUINO UNO MICROCONTROLLER

The Arduino Uno Microcontroller is one very small programmable device

that can command other electronic components. It falls under the Arduino family,
one of the movements that has popularized the cause of making electronics
projects easier and more accessible to anyone, even those who consider
themselves beginners.

The ATmega328P chip of microcontroller is used in the Arduino Uno.

Digital and analog input/output pins make the Arduino Uno interactive with
many sensors and devices, making it feasible for lots of projects, even the
Donation Box.

Programming the Arduino Uno is achieved through the use of the Arduino
Integrated Development Environment (IDE). This software allows users to write
code in a simple language that the microcontroller understands. This ease of
programming makes it very popular among hobbyists and professionals alike.

In the Donation Box project, the Arduino Uno is essentially the brain of
the system. They process buttons into which inputs are taken, manage and control
the LCD display, and control communication with external devices, such as GSM
modules in order to send messages.

The Arduino Uno is also allowing the Donation Box to be interactive with
the user. When a user clicks a button so selecting an instance of what they are
donating, the microcontroller will sense this action and then request for a user's
phone number. This interactivity, therefore, is a necessity for a user-friendly
interface.

The Arduino Uno also controls security-related functions, such as alerting

the company when an attempt to open or access the box is detected. This device
sends information on donations from the box to the user and company, thus
allowing efficient communication. This further adds efficiency and dependability
to the functionality of the Donation Box.

1.3 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

Most people seem to like donating food, groceries, or even money.

However, they all find the methods that had been used conventionally in donation
mostly complicated. They may not know whom and how to give. Donation Box
simplifies that into three easy buttons for them to pick, hence fast and user-
friendly.

Usually, a donor receives no confirmation or thank after making a

donation. This can be very demoralizing because it means the donor has done
something for nobody. Lack of feedback will deter the donor from donating again
in the future. The Donation Box eradicates this problem because the donor is
informed with a prompt message once he makes a contribution, thanking him and
confirming what he donated.

The other gigantic problems facing some donation boxes are theft and acts
of vandalism, which may discourage some donors. The institution enhances
security through the help of the alert system that informs them whether anybody
is tampering with it. The security also ensures there are enough donations from
more individuals.

Effective Tracking of Donations Organizations often find it hard to

account for all the donations and who contributes what. It therefore can easily
mismanage various resources. With the Donation Box, vital information is
recorded, including the donor's phone number and the type of donation, which
ensures correct tracking and better service to meet the needs of the community.

1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Many people want to contribute to the society through donation, but it is

confusing and proves difficult to execute. They do not know how or where to
donate, hence not contributing to society. Donation Box addresses this by making
it simple and straightforward with an LCD display and three buttons; they will
easily choose whether it is food, grocery, or money to be contributed.

In regards to confirmation, after a person has donated, no form of

communication whatsoever related to the donation is carried out with the donor.
This implies that the donor remains unappreciated and will at one point decrease
donation. The Donation Box remedies this as it sends an instant confirmation
message to the donor with regard to the donation acknowledging and thanking
them hence leaving them appreciated and more so, they may donate again.

Donation boxes get often stolen or vandalized, posing a threatening

prospect to potential donors. As the potential givers be afraid of the fact that their
donated contributions could be stolen or used otherwise, they become afraid and
hesitant to donate anything. The Donation Box has a security alerting system that,
upon any attempt to access the donation box unauthorizedly, alerts the
organization, which warns the individuals with a sense of security that their
donations will not go missing.

Inability to track donations results in hardship to the management of

resources and to understand the needs in the community. Donation Box ensures
this by providing all the information, such as a donor's phone number and what
type of donation is being made to an organization. This information can be used
to keep proper records and, therefore, better manage resources to ultimately
enable an organization to serve the community properly.

1.5 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

The Donation Box project makes donating commodities easy with the best
security; several hardware components put together form a system that
functionally operates and is easy to use. All critical parts help make the process
go through well, thus making the donation process efficient.

1.5.1 ARDUINO UNO

The brain of the Donation Box is the Arduino Uno. It is what processes all
information and controls how the system goes to run. It receives all inputs from
the user via the keypad, shows information on the LCD, and communicates to the
GSM module about sending messages. This programmability allows flexibility
in how the project can be tailored to specific needs.

1.5.2 GSM MODULE (SIM 800)

GSM Module (SIM 800) is responsible for sending SMS notification about
donation by the module from the donor and also to the organization after having
the successful completion of donating by a user. The module informs
organization if anyone tries to access the contents of Donation Box without
permission.

1.5.3 16x2 LCD DISPLAY

The user interface is the 16x2 LCD display. This will then show the choices
for donations-food, grocery, and money-and ask for an entry of the cell phone
number. By 16x2, it means that it can show up to 16 characters on its two lines.
Easy to read and understand the instructions with this 16x2 LCD display.

1.5.4 4x4 KEYPAD

The user types in his/her phone number using the 4x4 keypad. With the
keypad, 16 buttons are arranged in a grid for easy inputting of numeric keys. This,
at the same time, can be said to be an integral part of the interaction process as it
offers users an uncomplicated means of inputting their contact information.

1.5.5 WEIGHT SENSOR (Load Cell with HX711 Amplifier)

This sensor measures the weight of items being donated. The amplified
HX711 enhances the accuracy of the measurement result. That part helps count
how much has been donated, useful for the actual inventory count and reporting
to the organization.

1.5.6 IR SENSOR

The addition of the IR sensor is a layer of security to the Donation Box. The
IR sensor can detect movement of persons or attempts to open the box without
any permission. If there is an attempt at opening the box without an individual's
permission, then it will send a message to the organization with a sense of
security on the donated goods.

1.5.7 BREADBOARD

The use of all the components in this situation is connected together using a
breadboard without soldering. In fact, it is an easy system of assembly and
adjustments during the testing and development of the system. This aspect is
essential when one is modifying the system or to troubleshoot any issues involved
in the process.

1.6 EXISTING SYSTEM

Traditional donation systems, charity boxes hardly have any real-time

monitoring or automation. People normally just place their donations in charity
boxes-whether food money or whatever-without any immediate verification of
feedback. Such systems never communicate the type or amount donated to
organizations, and there is no immediate feedback to the donor. Although there
is no mechanism to trace unauthorized attempts to take items from the donation
box, this creates security as well as management inefficiency risks.

This kind of limitation can be overcome by integrating IoT-based technology

in the intelligent donation box project. Once a donor selects an option to donate
either food, grocery, or money and then keys in his phone number, the system
captures the action. The process includes sending confirmation messages to the
donor and the organization once the donation is placed on the plate. This helps in
giving more transparency and keeping the donor more engaged. There are sensors
that help in identifying unauthorized removal of items, which immediately will
automatically send alerts to the organization, thus enhancing security.

This smart donation box offers a seamless process of donating for the donors
and organization alike, while considering factors such as real-time notifications
and tracking phone numbers with automatic alerts in case of security breaches. It
further offers better management in the sense that organizations can monitor the
kind and quantity of donations. Sensors have been added to avoid stealing; thus,
it is much more secure and dependable than charity boxes.
1.7 DISADVANTAGES

The traditional donation systems mainly have one limitation of no real time
tracking. Many donations in the form of food, groceries, or money are made
without recording and accounted for manually, thereby leading to inefficiencies
and delays in the distribution. More than that, the recipients cannot have a direct
meeting with the donating organization, and hence, one cannot know whether the
donations received are properly accepted. It is another problem of security,
because illegal people could take items from donation boxes without anyone
detecting such an act.

Basically, technology makes the smart donation box conquer the

abovementioned problems. When one decides to donate foodstuff, groceries, or
even funds, it is the system that will input the donor's cell phone number and
automatically log it. In this regard, the donor's and organization's statuses would
then be confirmed in real-time, making no doubt arise as regards where the
donation goes. Moreover, the system has an account clear of what has been
donated and by whom; organizations thus manage their resources better.

This project also catered to security issues. If any intruder attempted to take
things out from the donation box, the sensors sensed its activity and sent signals
to the organization. This prohibits unauthorized entry and ensures that valid
donations are deposited only. The smart donation box gives transparency,
security, and a smooth process that any traditional donation system cannot give.

1.8 PROPOSED SYSTEM

This proposed system is a donation box that makes the donation process
more fun and interactive while incorporating the safety features through
technology. The system starts by showing three options on the LCD, namely,
food, groceries, or money. Then there are three buttons below the LCD where the
user can click on what type of donation he wants to do: food, groceries, or money.
Once the user has selected the type of donation he intends to do, the system asks
for the user's phone number for identification and communication purposes.

Confirm Donation Process Once the user enters the phone number, they put
their donation food, groceries or money on a plate given at the bottom of the
donation box. The system identifies the donation done and sends out a
confirmation message to the donor that their donation is received successfully by
the organization. At the same time, when the donor contributes the donation, the
organization also gets informed with the donor's mobile no so that they will know
who donated and what is donated.

The system can again be furnished with security features so that items cannot
be stolen from the donation box. Any person, if he tries to take items from the
donation box, shall inform the organization, thereby warning them about such
unauthorized activity. This real-time monitoring will ensure the security of
donations while informing both the organization and donors during the entire
process. The system proposed here poses an efficient, transparent, and secure
means of managing donations compared to many other more traditional
approaches.
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 TITLE: Internet of Things (IoT) : Charity Automation

AUTHOR: Maher Omar Alshammari, Abdulmohsen A. Almulhem, Noor

Zaman

YEAR: 2017

DISCRIPTIONS:
The paper presents a SC system that improves effectiveness and efficiency in
donation by taking full advantage of IoT capabilities for charities. SC introduces,
among others, the concept of a Smart Donation Box (SDB), which can
communicate with other things, including charities, to inform that its box is full.

The two main components that make the system work include a web-based
application as well as an Android app. This means that donors can input their
location and donation details through the app, while charities can use a web-based
application to manage and monitor donations in real-time. The inclusion of GPS
technology enables the locating of donors and needy people so that donation
collection is eased.

Based on the comparison, this paper also mentions some of the shortcomings
of the traditional systems in Saudi Arabia, like real-time monitoring and
interactions between donors and charities. The SC system presents a modern
solution to this using IoT, which automates the donation-making process to make
it better than other existing systems.

2.2 TITLE: A Smart System for Donation Handling of Charitable Trusts and
NGO’s
 AUTHOR: Satish R. Shelar, Stella Raju Salve , Aishwarya Santosh Kedari

YEAR: 2020

DISCRIPTIONS:

This paper talks about an online donation system that will allow the
individual to donate blood, clothes, food, or money through internet services. The
system would be fairly simple because the distributed client-server model
simplifies the process of donation. Users should be able to register, and then log
in later on to donate blood to a blood bank or donate items and money to NGOs.
The idea of making donation management more automatic will lessen its
dependency on the manual procedures that are encumbered by liabilities of errors
and delays.

Many disadvantages characterize the current donation process in that it is

full of bureaucratic processes, time-consuming procedures, and improper
communication between the donors and the recipients. There is no centralized
management platform for donations, resulting in inefficiency, fraud, and unequal
sharing of resources. The paper discusses the current donation system where, as
shown in the response efforts following Superstorm Sandy, registration produced
urgently needed supplies within a short space of time.

This proposed system is therefore likely to overcome these challenges by

coming up with a more user-friendly and automated way of managing donations.
The interface will be able to trace donation contribution and an efficient way of
material distribution at the point of allocation. Future enhancements will include
applying digital image processing, which would increase safety and automate
identification of donated items.
2.3 TITLE: Smart Donations: Event-Driven Conditional Donations Using Smart
Contracts On The Blockchain

AUTHOR: Ludwig Trotter, Mike Harding, Peter Shaw, Nigel Davies, Chris
Elsden, Chris Speed, John Vines, Aydin Abadi, and Josh Hallwright

YEAR: 2020

DISCRIPTIONS:

This paper talks about the idea of "Smart Donations." Here, using blockchain,
event-driven, conditional donations are made possible. Most donations charitable
in nature are unconditional. This means that they give money and rely on the
NGOs to use it well. However, with blockchain and smart contracts, the types of
conditions applicable during a donation made by the donors can range from a
situation where the funds are released only after some events occur, such as in
the case of a natural calamity. This system offers opacity and security by means
of a distributed ledger technology, meaning the donors have control over when
and how their money is spent.

The idea of programmable donations has the capacity to give the donors power
and control by enabling them to donate based on real-world triggers such as the
rise in food prices or personal actions like using less water. The money donated
would be safely placed in an escrow pending fulfillment of the donor's conditions.
This system creates more accountability as well as trust since it allows donors to
track and be sure that their contributions are spent for specific needs without
avoiding the expertise of NGOs. It also aims at strengthening the relationships
between the donors and charities with detailed feedback on how donations have
been spent.
 This technology has the potential to revolutionize charitable donations,
offering flexibility and dynamic control. Smart contracts can be extremely
helpful for international NGOs; they can develop a better response to a crisis
through pre-committing donations with real-time data. It also addresses many
issues pertaining to it, such as the challenge of trust, data integrity, and especially
the complexities of blockchain technology within the nonprofit sector.

2.4 TITLE: Zero Hunger: Smart Food Donation System using IoT

AUTHOR: Juhi Patil, Gayatri More, Pooja Mahale, Nikita Harale and
Vijaylaxmi Bittal

YEAR: 2021

DISCRIPTIONS:

The "Zero Hunger: Smart Food Donation System" PDF offers a strategy to
fight food wastage and hunger in society through the utilization of IoT and
machine learning technology. The project collects surplus food from various
events, restaurants, and public functions, which they then submit to NGOs that
would deliver the food to needy people. This system would allow users to donate
food via an app. IoT sensors are utilized to evaluate food quality. The objective
of these productions would be the prevention of food wastage and the relief of
hunger.

Therefore, the project identifies food waste as a major global challenge that
has implications socially, environmentally, and economically. The system is well
set up, with the donor registration page alongside the requests to donate leftover
food on a webpage, which volunteers pick up. Sensed food quality through IoT
sensors happens before food delivery to NGOs.
 The system is expected to bring on a great positive impact by linking food
donors to NGOs through a smooth technology-based platform. This will make
food donation simple, efficient, and transparent and reduce food wastage while
putting in aid for those in need. With the integration of machine learning into the
system, food distribution will be optimized according to the needs of the
community.

2.5 TITLE: Smart Blockchain Networks: Revolutionizing Donation Tracking in

the Web 3.0

AUTHOR: Chaimaa Nairi , Murtaza Cicioğlu, Ali Çalhan

YEAR: 2024

DISCRIPTIONS:

"Smart Blockchain Networks: Revolutionizing Donation Tracking in the

Web 3.0" focuses on the possibilities of blockchain for the transformation of the
tracking and management of donations. By utilizing smart contracts and a
decentralized ledger, the system ensures that it is transparent, secure, and tamper-
proof. Owing to the absence of intermediaries, the costs and hassle associated
with the donation process are, therefore, minimized. The transparency of
blockchain technology also helps in building trust between the donors and
organizations, essential for increasing the contributions and ensuring that money
reaches its intended recipient.

The old forms of giving have several shortcomings, particularly in terms of

their transparency and accountability. It would likely never be known where such
donations were eventually used, and no proper verification could be made in the
process. In the blockchain, every transaction has its place on a decentralized
ledger that is unable to change, thus ensuring that donations are used as intended.
The application of smart contracts in contributions has already been tested to
avoid risks associated with fraud and has ensured constant real-time information
to the parties contributing in knowledge of how their contributions are used.

The proposed system, "DonateBlocks," offers a decentralized and

transparent method of managing donations using blockchain. It has incorporated
linking digital wallets and creating and sharing events as well as real-time
contribution tracking. The architecture design aims to increase transparency and
accountability to foster more trust in the nonprofit world. DonateBlocks seeks to
change the donation-making process; it allows for blockchain and Web 3.0
technology to make the transaction more secure, efficient, and boost confidence
with stakeholders.
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

3.1 METHODOLOGY

The methodology of this study involves a Donation Box project focuses

on automating the donation process via a simple and user-friendly interface.
Initially, it shall show the three buttons on an LCD display, which could be food,
grocery, or money. Then, the donor would choose his option by pushing the
button. Second, through a keypad, the donor's phone number is entered to identify
the donor. Once the item is placed on the donation plate attached to a weight
sensor, the system is triggered to identify the donation and sends an SMS
confirmation to the donor and the organization automatically through a GSM
module. The system also offers security features since the IR sensor will alert the
organization in case of unauthorized activity.

The project aims at making the donation process secure and efficient while
being simple in use to both the involved donor and organization. The process is
transparent through immediate communication via SMS, stating that the donation
has been done. This will better track donations and manage them for
organizations, and the donors are assured that the contributions have been done.
Further, security is ensured through monitoring the donation box using sensors,
which detect any form of unauthorized access, therefore reducing cases of theft
or misuse of these donations. This approach makes the system more effective and
trustworthy for not only the donors but also organizations.

3.1.1 THE PHASES INVOLVED IN THIS PROJECT

1. Research and Planning

This is the initial phase that involves understanding requirements and the
challenges being faced by a donation collection process. The step involves
researching donation systems, realizing the need for a smart and automated box
for donations, and planning to enable technology in the donation process.

2. Component Selection and Acquisition

In this phase, the hardware components that are needed for the project are
investigated and procured. For the project, key components were the Arduino
Uno, GSM Module (SIM 800), 16x2 LCD display, 4x4 keypad, weight sensor
(load cell with HX711 amplifier), IR sensor, and a breadboard.

3. System Design and Prototyping

In this phase, the system design is planned and the prototype is set up. Here
involves wiring of sensors, buttons, and the LCD display to the Arduino board
along with system logic for donation tracking communication security measures.

4. Integration and Testing

The components are integrated, and the system is then tested. This is as
follows; when a user selects a donation option, provides his or her phone
number, and donates an item, the weight sensor recognizes the item, while a
message is received by the user and by the organization. Security features such
as detecion of unauthorized access are also tested.

5. Data Visualization and Interface Development

In this phase, the LCD interface is developed to represent messages that
may include the kind of donation as well as the phone number. The system is
fine-tuned to provide clear user-friendly feedback during donation.

6. Field Testing and Validation

The prototype is tested in the real environment to ensure proper working.
The donating box is monitored to validate that the messages are being sent as
intended and also weigh sensor is functioning correctly. Bugs/issues are
identified, hence corrected.

7. Deployment and Monitoring

Having been validated, the box is deployed in the target location
identified. The system is under constant monitoring so as to monitor its
performance and whether it is not malfunctioning or broken, along with
notification systems both for donors and organizations. It undergoes regular
updates and system checks so as to keep the smooth running of the system.

3.1.2 PHASE PLANNING

Phase planning is a crucial phase in the creation of a prototype. There are

two stages in the prototyping process

a.The Initial Prototype

First step in the planning process is the designing of the initial prototype
of the donation box. It includes assembling all the hardware components, which
include Arduino Uno, the GSM module, an LCD display, a keypad, a weight
sensor, and an IR sensor. The software is therefore programmed to control the
interaction and have the ability of knowing which button the user has pressed to
ascertain whether it's food, grocery, or money donation thereby capturing the
user's phone number and sending a notification both to the user and to the
organization. The prototype should have security mechanisms like sending alert
to deter the unauthorized person from taking the donation. This prototype is
generally used in testing all the core functionalities that may guarantee the system
works as expected.

b. User Review of Prototype

Once the initial prototype is functional, The next phase after reaching the
initial working prototype is a user review. Real users will interact with the
donation box, thus ascertaining that the system has been both user-friendly and
efficient. They gather the feedback of how smoothly they can select an option for
donation and enter their phone numbers, along with understanding the
notifications that have been sent after donation. This will identify issues in
usability, bugs, and design failure. According to user feedback, there should be
necessary adjustments and refinements made for the prototype to its performance
and overall user experience.

3.1.3 SYSTEM FEATURE

The system features an LCD screen and the three possible ways of making
a donation have been indicated through buttons: food, grocery, and cash. The user
can just hit one of these buttons and type out which kind of donation it is, and
this will automatically classify the donation and enable the organization to
process and handle the donation much better .

Following the choice of donation type, use of the keypad will demand a
user input his or her phone number; the personal identification associated with
the number makes it easier to track the donor. The donor and the organization
can both use SMS to receive updates and acknowledgments, opening avenues for
clear communication in the process.

Once an item is put on the donation plate, the system automatically sends a
message to the donor regarding the donation to the account and informs the
organization that there is a new donation. This feature keeps both parties in touch
real-time, which thereby makes the process more efficient and responsive.

The system has a tamper detection feature installed with an IR sensor. The
organization will be alerted if an unauthorized person attempts to remove an item
from the donation plate or interfere with the box. This security feature will guard
donations until they are collected by the intended recipient and safeguards the
integrity of the system.
3.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

The Donation Box is a self-service means to donate which will directly put
the donor into contact with the organizations. It has a user interface which
consists of a 16x2 LCD, buttons for the choice of donation type, and a keypad to
enter the phone number of the donor. It's behind this Arduino Uno
microcontroller, in which all activities such as the button's pressing, weighing of
items for donation, and sending of messages to the GSM module are managed.

The three main inputs of the system include the buttons that indicate the type
of donation: food, grocery, and money. Then, upon inputting one of these, the
system accepts a phone number through a 4x4 keypad. For donor verification and
linking the donation with contact information to track both the donor and the
organization.

Immediately, once the donor inputs his information, they place the
contribution on the plate, which has a weight sensor. This measures the weight
of the contribution and therefore guarantees that the action has been done
correctly, no false contributions or errors thus being produced. An IR sensor also
monitors any access to the contribution without authorization or taking it out.
Upon tampering, an alert is provided to the organization via the GSM module.

After completing the donation process, the GSM Module (SIM 800) will
send a message to both the donor and the organization about the registration of
the donation. Both will get an SMS stating whether the donation has been
registered or not, besides that, the organization will also come to know about the
new donation submitted, which further involves the type of donation and the
phone number of the donor. The real-time communication provided by the GSM
module actually makes the entire activity quite transparent.

The 16x2 LCD Display allows the donor to know visually the whole
process from choosing the donation type all the way to the confirmation of the
phone number and acknowledgment of the donation. It is essentially a very easy
but most of all effective interface as far as the user is concerned, ensuring each
step within the donation process is well presented and easy to navigate.

All the components are powered and connected via the Arduino Uno and
a breadboard. All this is coordinated through the Arduino with input devices
(buttons, keypad), sensors (weight, IR) and communication modules (GSM).
Here also, all the flow data in its operation flow will be processed by the system
to ensure that the system runs in an optimum way.

Architectural Design
3.3 HARDWARE DESIGN

The hardware design of the donation box has evolved around various key
components, ensuring there is a proper functional and user-friendly system. The
Arduino Uno is the microcontroller at the heart of the system. It takes in inputs
from the users and controls various components of the donation box. The Arduino
has been programmed for managing interactions between the user interface,
sensors, and the GSM module for sending messages. Given its versatility, it can
easily integrate other components, which therefore makes it suitable for use in
this project.

To provide visual feedback to the users, there is an LCD display of 16x2.

This displays a menu with the choice of donations as food, grocery, or money
and asks for the user's phone number. The LCD is interfaced with Arduino, which
sends commands to update the display based on the requirement. This makes the
visibility of information clear and guides the user in donating to make it quite
smooth.

User interaction is achieved using a 4x4 keypad. Through the keypad, the
user is able to select what kind of donation he wants to make and his phone
number. Each button on the keypad has a certain function or digit assigned to it,
thus making it easier for the user to navigate through the system. The Arduino
reads from the keypad and returns a suitable response, thus realizing an easy
donation process.

It is the weight sensor, in the form of a load cell with an HX711 amplifier,
that plays the most critical role in donation detection. It measures the mass of the
item placed on the bottom plate of the donation box. After the donation has been
made, the data from the weight sensor are transmitted to the Arduino unit that
confirms donation and activates the messaging system. This puts the organization
in constant knowledge about every donation in real time.
 With added high security, there is incorporated in this design an IR sensor
that detects any attempting action without consent to open the donation box. If
someone tries to go through it, the Arduino will send a message to the
organization to alert them. This feature ensures that in cases of suspicious
activity, the body receives alerts and takes any responsive action to ensure
integrity over the donation box and to instill trust among donors.

The last but not the least component is the GSM module, SIM 800. After
obtaining a confirmation of the donation, it is then that Arduino sends a text
message to both the user and the organization about the donation and security
intrusion. Communication is usually done within a very short time through the
GSM module with full assurance that information is being relayed without errors,
hence this process makes donations transparent and efficient.

Overall, the hardware design of the donation box puts all the components
together to make it an effective and user-friendly system in that every part works
together to ensure a smooth process of donating into the system.
 CHAPTER 4

REQUIREMENT AND ANALYSIS

4.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY

A feasibility study is an appraising evaluation made towards any project

to determine its potential for taking place and succeeding as conducted. It takes
various aspects, including technical and operational, economic, in order to
determine whether it may be implemented effectively and sustainably. The whole
purpose of such a study is to analyze whether there exists any limitation which
might interfere with the progress of the project. However, it may also help to find
out possibilities for growth and development. These dimensions will then enable
the stakeholders of this project to make solid decisions either to proceed, modify,
or abandon the project.

For the case of the Donation Box project, the feasibility study would
determine how well the system can be designed and actually built using the
available hardware components like Arduino and the GSM module. The
operational logistics of collecting and processing donations would be assessed to
ensure that the system meets user needs while remaining secure and reliable.
Finally, the cost of development and maintenance in relation to the ultimate end
of raising community donations by increased amounts would figure into the
economic aspect. This process will encompass all critical factors that must come
into play before the project can begin.

The main important feasibility analysis

 Technical Feasibility
 Economic Feasibility
 Social Feasibility
  Legal Feasibility
 Scheduling Feasibility

4.1.1 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

Technical feasibility refers to the availability and reliability of the

technology necessary for the development of the project. In the case of the
Donation Box, the project would require components such as an Arduino Uno, a
GSM module, LCD display, and sensors. All these components are readily
available and are widely used in other comparable projects, hence high on the
scale of technical feasibility. This desired functionality, which involves sending
messages to users and organizations upon donation, is made possible by the
integration of these components through programming.

The other important component of technical feasibility is software. The

code to be written linking the hardware units should be feasible and
implementable based on the project constraints. Coding experience using a
programming language, such as C or C++, would suffice to develop the
appropriate code to run the Donation Box from where the money would be
withdrawn. The project could also be implemented in development and debugged
such that possible technical problems encountered in development can be
rectified before full implementation.

All of these online platforms, libraries, and tutorials can be used to

ensure an enhancement in technical feasibility. Many online resources guide on
how to combine all of these components and troubleshoot the arising problems,
making it easy for the developers to implement. For this reason, the technological
foundation for the Donation Box is valid and feasible.

Finally, the hardware must be considered in terms of reliability and

ruggedness. All the components selected must be strong enough and suitable for
outdoor use if intended to be installed in public spaces. In this way, technical
specifications and performance must be assessed for each component to ensure
the system will work correctly under the real conditions of use.

4.1.2 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

Economic viability involves determining if the monetary benefits of a

project outweigh the costs with regards to it. For the Donation Box project, initial
costs should be determined to acquire such parts as the Arduino Uno, GSM
module, sensors, and LCD screen. Any further costs related to maintenance and
repair should also be considered in the equation. These costs provide stakeholders
with an idea of whether the project is economically viable.

The economic feasibility of the project may also depend on the availability
of sources that may fund the project. In this case, giving it to community
organizations or local members can really help pay for some of the construction
and maintenance costs associated with the Donation Box. This does pose another
evaluation: will an increase in donations translate into its benefits to local
charities and organizations as to offset for the high investment involved in its
construction?.

Along with direct and funding expenses, long-run economic impacts of

the Donation Box have to also be accounted for: increased community interest
and support may bring about positive social benefits, and promote good overall
economies in the area. Successful implementation shall create a trickle-down
effect so that others will undertake and undertake similar programs for the
betterment of many organizations and community people.

Lastly, a cost-benefit analysis can be done to provide insight into whether

the project will economically make sense. It can be carried out by comparing the
expected benefits of the Donation Box (e.g., increased donations, community
support enhancement) with the costs of implementing it. A cost-benefit analysis
enables analysis of whether this project is economically viable and worth
executing.

4.1.3 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

Social feasibility addresses how well a project serves the values and
needs of the community it represents. For the Donation Box, it will be very
important to know if the people are quite willing to donate and be willing to have
organizations within the locality. Getting members to participate in giving their
feedback can further help identify what preferences and concerns need to be met
to deliver the expectations of the Donation Box.

Another reason for social feasibility is that the project design must be
user-friendly for participation to be made easy. A critical feature in making all
different LCD displays and buttons accessible by anyone with a disability status
enhances the social feasibility. Its ease of use will probably increase the willing
donor population to donate, hence enhancing the overall success of the project.

Moreover, promoting partnerships with local charities and organizations

could help strengthen the social feasibility of the project. Through partnership
with established groups, credence and trust within the community could be
obtained by the Donation Box. Furthermore, collaboration can make efforts for
its own awareness campaigns that may push more people to give.

Finally, the project must address social security and privacy issues.
Protection of personal phone numbers from misuse gives trust on potential
donors. The Donation Box can raise acceptance among members of the
community if members are assured of information safety.

4.1.4 LEGAL FEASIBILITY

The legality feasibility is a check on whether the project is in compliance

with all laws, rules, and regulations. For the Donation Box project, legal
feasibility shall mainly involve ascertaining the legal provisions in regards to
public contributions and fundraising. This would relate to permits or licenses to
position the Donation Box in public places and also adherence to various bylaws
on local fundraising activities.

It also needs to adhere to data protection laws regarding the collection

and usage of personal data, like phone numbers, while defining clear rules on
storage, processing, and protection to avoid potential legal issues and give users
a safe, risk-free experience in donating through the system.

Another legal feasibility aspect is the association with local charities and
organizations. Accords and agreements made with such organizations should be
scrutinized in detail to ensure that all of them fall within the bounds of the law.
It encompasses knowledge of how donated items and funds would be managed
as well as knowledge of whom each party is answerable to regarding
accountability.

Lastly, an intense scrutiny of all potential liabilities associated with the

Donation Box must be conducted. This may involve analyzing liabilities
pertaining to potential criminal activities such as vandalism and abuse. For
instance, if the box becomes vandalized or abused, it is essential to clarify the
legal implications for the organization or individuals concerned. In this respect,
the Donation Box project will address all legal considerations proactively to
identify risks and work within the legal framework.

4.1.5 SCHEDULING FEASIBILITY

Scheduling Feasibility involves the time it would take to finish a project.

For the Donation Box, it is important to set a realistic timeline for each stage
involved in the project: planning, initial design development, detailed design
development, physical construction, and final deployment. It must estimate how
long it will take to get parts, assemble the box, program the software, and conduct
testing.

The development process must also prepare for the delay that may occur.
For instance, when parts are backordered or technical issues are unpredictable,
these become determinants of how long the final output will take. It would be
less complicated to have a buffer within the schedule which accommodates such
a delay and still manages to complete the project on schedule.

In addition, stakeholders and community must be taken to a feasibility

schedule whereby the stage in project development. This will bring feedbacks
and input from a potential user which may be involved in the timeline. The input
that donation box gives is from the users which ensures that it meets the needs of
the community. Coordinating with local charities and organizations to host a date
that is beneficial to both sets of people would enhance collaboration and support.

Finally, after an installation of the Donation Box, it very much becomes

important to schedule frequent monitoring and maintenance. Regular check-ins
will ensure that the system runs well, and any necessary updates or repairs can
be addressed appropriately. The donation box could be successfully and
sustainably implemented by crafting a rich schedule that encompasses all the
phases of the project.

4.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

The hardware requirements for the Donation Box project are essential
for its proper functionality . The core component is the Arduino Uno, Which acts
as a main controller managing all inputs and outputs. There are several
components includes,

1.Arduino uno

2.GSM Module (SIM 800)

 3.16x2 lcd display

4.4x4 keypad

5.weight sensor (load cell with HX711 Amplifier)

6.Ir sensor

7.bread board

4.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The software requirements for the Donation Box project are mainly about
developing a dependable and efficient donation management system. The
primary programming language used is Embedded C, which is ideal for
programming the microcontrollers, such as Arduino Uno. This language enables
precise control over the hardware components to ensure that there is seamless
interaction between the user interface and the donation process. Key Components
includes,

1.Programming language - Embedded C

2.Compiler - ARDUINO IDE 1.8.3

3.Simulation - PROTEUS

4.4 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

1. LCD Display Interaction

The system shall use a 16x2 LCD display to display three choices of
donations available to the user such as food, grocery, or money. Once the user
activates one of the above choices by pressing the respective button 1 for food, 2
for grocery and 3 for money, the display should revert back with the prompting
of inputting their phone number.

2. User Input via Keypad

The input shall be taken through a 4x4 keypad. After making the type of
donation, the user must input his/ her telephone number using the keypad. The
system needs to store that number for sending alerts.

3. Item Placement and Weight Detection

Item placing with weight recognition It will have a weight sensor (load
cell with HX711 amplifier) that is used to recognize the placement of donation
by the user on the plate. The sensor must be able to take out the weight of the
item, which will then either confirm or deny whether a donation has been made.

4. SMS Notifications (GSM Module)

The system should send a message to the user with a affirmative message
regarding the contribution: food, grocery, or cash. Send a message to the
organization with the amount of donation and the phone number of the user.

5. Unauthorized Access Detection (IR Sensor)

The donation box must be installed with an IR sensor. It will sense

whether there is unauthorized access or not. Once a person tries to take something
out from the box without permission, this system automatically provides
information to the organization about that suspicious activity that's happening
there.

6. Component Integration

The Arduino UNO should be the central controller responsible for inputs
from the keypad, weight sensor, and IR sensor, as well as its outputs to the LCD
display and GSM module. The system must act in real time so that it functions
correctly and sends timely notifications.

4.5 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

1. System Reliability

The Donation Box system should have a mechanism for reliability in it,
ensuring that every donation goes through proper processing and every
communication gets delivered most of the time. This includes weight sensor
detection as soon as the item is placed on the plate. The GSM will also need to
deliver messages reliably to the user and the organization.

2. Performance

The system will be responsive with minimal time lag when the user
selects an option, inputs his phone number, and drops a donation that he receives
confirmation for. The process of weight detection and message sending should
happen in seconds to ensure smooth flow.

3. Security

The organization would quickly catch and report any tampering access
into the donation box. At all times, the IR sensor should keep watching the box
so that any attempt to take donated goods through tampering should be caught
and reported instantly to the organization.

4. Scalability

The system should easily scale to be able to accommodate a more

significant volume of donations. It, for example should expand on several types
of donations or include more sensors in monitoring without significant changes
in the system.
5. Usability

The user interface, composed of the LCD and keypad, should be

intuitive. It should not need explanations or clarification to end-users whose
backgrounds are as diverse as the system will be able to use. Messages need to
appear on the LCD clearly, briefly, and understandably.

6. Maintainability

This system should be maintained and traced. For example, if a

component like the GSM module or weight sensor fails, it should be observable
to identify the fault and correct it without much downtime. In that regard, the
system code should also be readable and well documented for easy updates or
adjustments.

7. Energy Efficiency

The Donation Box should be energy-efficient, consuming minimal

power during idle periods. It should optimize energy use, particularly for
components like the LCD display and sensors, to ensure long-term operation
without frequent recharging or maintenance.

8. Durability

The system should physically be robust in that some will be exposed to

frequent use or tampering. Components such as the keypad, LCD display, and
sensors should be robust enough not to malfunction from frequent interactions.
 CHAPTER-5

MODULE AND MODULES DESCRIPTION

Modules Description, refers to a system broken down into individual parts, each
placed to carry out a specific role or function. In the Donation Box project, the
different modules have formed major components that interact with one another
to achieve the aim of the system. Modules themselves are operated individually
to accomplish the assigned task in hand and remain interlinked to ensure it
operates fluidly.

Module Flow Diagram

5.1 MODULES:

1. User Interface Module

The User Interface Module shall enable users to interact with the donation
box system. This module boasts three buttons on the LCD front-panel display.
Depending on which button has been pressed, it will decide whether to donate
food, groceries, or money. After a button has been pressed the system shall then
require the entry of the number from the keypad, and the display is used as the
communication channel so that users may see what is expected of them and
receive feedback for their input.

This module makes it easy for the user to select the kind of donation to
make, and input the phone number. It is designed with LCD simple instructions
in order to ensure friendliness in user application. Its success will lie in its clarity,
ease in use and responsiveness to actions of the user.

The buttons, keypad, and LCD are considered vital components of the
user interface and comprise the first step in the donation process. These enable
the system to gather necessary information before processing a donation and
sending feedback.

2. Item Placement Module

The actual donation is performed in the Item Placement Module. It

employs a plate on the bottom of the donation box, provided with a weight sensor;
rather specifically, a load cell with an HX711 amplifier. The module operates as
follows: When the user has selected the type of donation and punched in his
phone number, he places the donation item onto the plate. The weight sensor
observes that something is on the plate, along with its weight; thus, a donation
has indeed been made.
 This module calculates the actual donation since it will measure the
weight of the item, thereby enabling the system to know how much has been
donated and track if the donation box has reached its maximum capacity. This
module, therefore, becomes very crucial in managing donations-ideal cases being
those items that are perishable such as food, groceries, etc.

This module ensures functionality in the sense that it counts only legal
donations. After placing the item, the system can now forward the notifications
for confirmation of the donation to both the user and the organization concerned.

3. Donation Tracking and Messaging Module

The module for Donation Tracking and Messaging is responsible for

recording the details of each donation and giving notifications to both the user
and the organization. After placing the item on the plate, this system reports the
type of donation-food, grocery, or money-and sends a confirmation message to
the user's phone number. In parallel with this notification, a message is sent to
the organization along with information about the donation and the phone number
of the user.

This module uses a GSM module for communication-this is called SIM

800/900. It tracks every donation within selected categories and then logs data
for easy access. The messaging part is very important, as it will inform all parties
in the process, hence ensuring that the process of donating is transparent.

It also monitors the quantity as well as type of contribution that the

organization is receiving in real time. This module is essential for creating a
smooth and trustworthy donation process because both the donor and the
organization are informed of this process.

4. Security Module

The Security Module helps in not allowing any unauthorized access to

The donation box. This module is installed with an IR sensor that detects any
kind of tampering or theft attempted on the donation box. When any suspicious
activity is detected by the IR sensor, it sends an alert to the organization which
warns the organization immediately with a message.

This module is very crucial in protecting the donated items. It alerts the
system instantly in case an unauthorized access or removal attempt from the box
to prevent theft or misuse. The buzzer of the system also sounds an alert in this
case, thereby discouraging any such unauthorized actions.

It ensures safety for all donations and builds trust between the users and
the organization. At all times, donations are guaranteed to be protected until such
a time when the organization collects them.

5. Communication and Notification Module

The communication and notification module forms the backbone of the

messaging system in the donation box. This module makes use of the GSM
module (SIM 800/900) that would send and receive messages about donations.
Immediately after the user completes his donation, the module sends him a
confirmation message on his phone for the donation he made. It also sends a
notification to the organization with information about what he donated and the
user details.

This module is a critical juncture in keeping the lines open for

communication between users and organizations, ensuring that the right
information gets through in real-time thus providing verification and
transparency throughout the process. This module makes the system more
efficient by handling all the communication and notifications. Users feel assured
that their donation has been made, and organizations are updated on incoming
donations.