Unit‌‌4‌‌CNC‌‌Part‌‌Programming‌ ‌

1.‌‌Define:‌‌Model‌‌and‌‌Non-Model‌‌Command‌‌(2‌‌Marks)‌ ‌
Ans:‌ Model‌‌Code:‌‌Codes‌‌are‌‌there‌‌are‌‌active‌‌for‌‌more‌‌than‌‌one‌‌line‌‌in‌‌which‌‌they‌‌are‌‌issued‌‌are‌‌call‌‌
model‌ ‌commands.‌ ‌Rapid‌ ‌Travels,‌ ‌feed‌ ‌rate.‌ ‌moves‌ ‌and‌ ‌canned‌ ‌cycles‌ ‌are‌ ‌all‌ ‌examples‌ ‌of‌ ‌modal‌‌
commands‌ ‌
Non-‌‌Model‌‌Code:‌‌A‌‌non‌‌model‌‌command‌‌which‌‌ones‌‌the‌‌called,‌‌are‌‌effective‌‌only‌‌in‌‌the‌‌calling‌‌
block,‌‌and‌‌are‌‌then‌‌immediately‌‌forgotten‌‌by‌‌the‌‌control.‌‌For‌‌example,‌‌G4‌‌(dwell)‌‌is‌‌non-modal.‌‌ ‌
2.‌‌Give‌‌Structure‌‌of‌‌CNC‌‌Part‌‌Programming‌‌(2‌‌Marks)‌ ‌

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3.‌‌What‌‌are‌‌the‌‌Preparatory‌‌Function‌‌(G‌‌Code)‌‌and‌‌the‌‌Miscellaneous‌‌Function‌‌(M‌‌Code)?‌‌Give‌‌
an‌‌example‌‌(2‌‌marks)‌ ‌
Ans:‌‌ Preparatory‌‌Function‌‌(G‌‌Code):‌‌‌G‌‌code‌‌use‌‌the‌‌information‌‌contained‌‌on‌‌the‌‌line‌‌to‌‌make‌‌the‌‌
machine‌‌tool‌‌do‌‌specific‌‌operations‌‌such‌‌as:‌ ‌Move‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌at‌‌rapid‌‌travers,‌‌Move‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌at‌‌Feed‌‌Rate‌
along‌ ‌a‌ ‌straight‌ ‌line.‌ ‌Move‌ ‌the‌ ‌tool‌ ‌along‌ ‌an‌ ‌arc‌ ‌at‌ ‌a‌ ‌feed‌ ‌rate‌ ‌in‌ ‌clockwise‌ ‌and‌ ‌counterclockwise‌‌
direction.‌‌Move‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌through‌‌a‌‌series‌‌of‌‌respective‌‌operations‌‌controlled‌‌by‌‌fixed‌‌cycles‌‌such‌‌as‌‌spot‌‌
drilling,‌‌drilling,‌‌boring‌‌and‌‌typing.‌ ‌
Miscellaneous‌ ‌Function‌ ‌(M‌ ‌Code):‌ ‌M‌ ‌codes‌ ‌are‌ ‌effective‌ ‌or‌ ‌cause‌ ‌and‌‌action‌‌to‌‌occur‌‌at‌‌the‌‌
end‌‌of‌‌the‌‌block‌‌and‌‌only‌‌one‌‌M‌‌code‌‌is‌‌allowed‌‌in‌‌each‌‌block‌‌of‌‌a‌‌program.‌‌Specific‌‌operation‌‌such‌‌as‌‌
Spindle‌‌start/stop,‌‌collant‌‌start/stop,‌‌tool‌‌change‌‌etc.‌ ‌
4.‌‌Explain‌‌any‌‌two‌‌Preparatory‌‌Function‌‌(G‌‌Code)‌‌/‌‌Circular‌‌Interpolation.‌‌(3‌‌marks)‌ ‌
Ans:‌C‌ ircular‌‌Interpolation‌‌(G02‌‌&‌‌G03)‌ ‌
Functions‌‌G02‌‌and‌‌G03‌‌are‌‌programmed‌‌to‌‌make‌‌circle‌‌arcs‌‌in‌‌clockwise‌‌or‌‌anticlockwise‌‌
direction‌‌respectively‌‌as‌‌shown‌‌in‌‌the‌‌figure.‌ ‌
Format:‌‌N_G02/03‌‌X_‌‌Y_‌‌Z_‌‌R_‌‌F_‌‌(here‌‌R‌‌_‌‌Radius‌‌of‌‌arc)‌‌ ‌

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5.‌‌What‌‌is‌‌CANNED‌‌CYCLE?‌‌Give‌‌its‌‌example.‌‌(3/4‌‌marks)‌ ‌
6.‌‌Explain‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌length‌‌compensation.‌‌(3/4‌‌marks)‌ ‌
In‌‌the‌‌CNC‌‌machine‌‌does‌‌not‌‌require‌‌the‌‌programmer‌‌to‌‌remember‌‌the‌‌length‌‌of‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌
for‌‌each‌‌tool.‌ ‌But‌‌instead‌‌the‌‌program‌‌will‌‌know‌‌the‌‌position‌‌of‌‌the‌‌Z‌‌axis‌‌with‌‌respect‌‌to‌‌the‌‌
tool,‌‌that‌‌is,‌‌the‌‌position‌‌of‌‌the‌‌Z‌‌axis‌‌in‌‌relation‌‌to‌‌the‌‌tool's‌‌workpiece.‌‌ ‌

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During‌‌setup‌‌of‌‌the‌‌CNC‌‌machine,‌‌the‌‌operator‌‌will‌‌measure‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌length‌‌
compensation‌‌value‌‌i.e.‌‌tool‌‌offset.‌‌And‌‌then‌‌the‌‌value‌‌of‌‌this‌‌offset‌‌for‌‌the‌‌Z‌‌axis‌‌will‌‌be‌‌stored‌‌
in‌‌the‌‌machine's‌‌memory.‌‌So‌‌the‌‌programmer‌‌does‌‌n1‌ot‌‌need‌‌to‌‌remember‌‌this‌‌length‌‌comparison‌‌
for‌‌the‌‌tool.‌ ‌
The‌‌offset‌‌can‌‌be‌‌measured‌‌using‌‌the‌‌offline‌‌gauge‌‌length‌‌to‌‌reduce‌‌the‌‌set‌‌time‌‌in‌‌the‌‌
CNC‌‌machine.‌‌This‌‌offset‌‌displays‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌length.‌ ‌
The‌‌length‌‌of‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌from‌‌this‌‌offset‌‌can‌‌be‌‌accurately‌‌measured.‌ ‌
G43:‌‌‌G43‌‌command‌‌is‌‌used‌‌for‌‌positive‌‌tool‌‌offset.‌ ‌
In‌‌this‌‌command‌‌the‌‌programmer‌‌takes‌‌the‌‌value‌‌of‌‌tool‌‌length‌‌compressions‌‌as‌‌H‌‌word‌‌
and‌‌in‌‌G43‌‌command‌‌the‌‌value‌‌of‌‌tool‌‌length‌‌is‌‌added‌‌in‌‌Z‌‌direction.‌ ‌
Format:‌‌G43‌‌Z_‌‌H_;‌ ‌
Z‌‌_‌‌the‌‌value‌‌of‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌length‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Z‌‌direction‌ ‌
H‌‌_‌‌H‌‌word‌‌for‌‌tool‌‌length‌‌storage‌ ‌
G44:‌‌‌G44‌‌tool‌‌length‌‌offset‌‌is‌‌used‌‌to‌‌exclude‌‌tool‌‌lengths.‌‌The‌‌length‌‌is‌‌written‌‌in‌‌the‌‌H‌‌word.‌ ‌
Format:‌‌G44‌‌Z_‌‌H_;‌ ‌
Z‌‌_‌‌the‌‌value‌‌of‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌length‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Z‌‌direction‌ ‌
H‌‌_‌‌H‌‌word‌‌for‌‌tool‌‌length‌‌storage‌ ‌
7.‌‌Tell‌‌about‌‌the‌‌needs‌‌of‌‌the‌‌Compensation.‌‌(3‌‌Marks)‌ ‌
8.‌‌Explain‌‌the‌‌Tool‌‌Radius‌‌Compensation.‌‌(3‌‌Marks)‌ ‌
In‌‌Tool‌‌Radius‌‌Compensation,‌‌like‌‌the‌‌Tool‌‌Length‌‌Compensation,‌‌the‌‌programmer‌‌does‌‌
not‌‌need‌‌to‌‌remember‌‌the‌‌radius‌‌for‌‌different‌‌circular‌‌tools.‌ ‌
But‌‌during‌‌machining‌‌operation‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌is‌‌provided‌‌with‌‌Radius‌‌Compensation.‌ ‌
Tool‌‌Radius‌‌Compensation‌‌is‌‌used‌‌for‌‌milling‌‌tools.‌‌G40,‌‌G41‌‌and‌‌G42‌‌are‌‌used‌‌for‌‌the‌‌
tool‌‌Radius‌‌Compensation.‌ ‌
G40-Tool‌‌to‌‌Cancel‌‌Radius‌‌Compensation‌ ‌
G41-Circular‌‌tool‌‌to‌‌provide‌‌tool‌‌radius‌‌compaction‌‌to‌‌the‌‌left‌ ‌
G42-Circular‌‌tool‌‌to‌‌provide‌‌the‌‌right‌‌hand‌‌side‌‌of‌‌the‌‌Radius‌‌Compensation‌ ‌
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Format:‌ ‌
G41‌‌X_‌‌Y_‌‌D_;‌ ‌
G42‌‌X_‌‌Y_‌‌D_;‌ ‌
G40;‌ ‌
X_‌‌Y_‌‌The‌‌value‌‌of‌‌the‌‌given‌‌coordinator‌ ‌
D_‌‌The‌‌address‌‌where‌‌the‌‌value‌‌of‌‌the‌‌tool‌‌Radius‌‌Compensation‌‌is‌‌stored.‌ ‌
Tool‌ ‌Radius‌ ‌Compensation‌ ‌Helper‌‌for‌‌CNC‌‌Machines‌‌The‌‌programmer‌‌stores‌‌the‌‌value‌‌
of‌‌the‌‌third‌‌for‌‌the‌‌circular‌‌tool‌‌used‌‌during‌‌programming‌‌in‌‌the‌‌D‌‌address‌‌and‌‌uses‌‌it‌‌in‌‌the‌‌G41‌‌
and‌‌G42‌‌commands.‌ ‌
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9.‌‌What‌‌is‌‌a‌‌subroutine‌‌/‌‌subprogram?‌‌Explain‌‌with‌‌an‌‌example.‌‌(3/4‌‌marks)‌ ‌
A‌‌subroutine‌‌is‌‌known‌‌as‌‌a‌‌subprogram.‌‌The‌‌subroutine‌‌program‌‌is‌‌used‌‌to‌‌cut‌‌uniform‌‌patterns.‌ ‌
The‌‌subroutine‌‌subprogram‌‌can‌‌be‌‌called‌‌anytime‌‌in‌‌the‌‌main‌‌program.‌ ‌
Symbols‌‌or‌‌codes‌‌are‌‌used‌‌to‌‌make‌‌a‌‌‘call’‌‌in‌‌a‌‌subprogram‌‌to‌‌the‌‌main‌‌program.‌‌e.g.‌‌The‌‌'L100'‌‌
subroutine‌‌saves‌‌programming‌‌time‌‌and‌‌simplifies‌‌programming‌‌as‌‌well‌‌as‌‌reduces‌‌program‌‌length.‌ ‌
The‌‌following‌‌example‌‌uses‌‌a‌‌subroutine‌‌program.‌‌‘L100’‌‌is‌‌a‌‌subroutine‌‌program‌‌for‌‌milled‌‌20‌‌
x‌‌20‌‌mm‌‌square‌‌pockets.‌ ‌
This‌‌'L100'‌‌subroutine‌‌program‌‌can‌‌be‌‌called‌‌three‌‌times‌‌in‌‌the‌‌main‌‌program‌‌and‌‌three‌‌20‌‌x‌‌20‌‌
mm‌‌pocket‌‌mills‌‌in‌‌a‌‌140‌‌x‌‌140‌‌mm‌‌plate.‌ ‌

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10.‌‌Give‌‌the‌‌meaning‌‌of‌‌the‌‌following‌‌G‌‌/‌‌M‌‌code.‌‌(2‌‌marks)‌ ‌
(Any‌‌15‌‌G‌‌codes‌‌and‌‌7‌‌M‌‌codes)‌ ‌
G00‌‌-‌‌Rapid‌‌move‌‌(not‌‌cutting)‌‌ G01‌‌-‌‌Linear‌‌move‌‌ ‌
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G02‌‌-‌‌Clockwise‌‌circular‌‌motion‌‌ G03‌‌-‌‌Counterclockwise‌‌circular‌‌motion‌‌ ‌
G04‌‌–‌‌Dwell‌‌G17-x-y‌‌plane‌‌select‌‌ G18‌‌-‌‌z-x‌‌plane‌‌select‌‌ ‌
G19‌‌-‌‌y-z‌‌plane‌‌select‌‌G90‌‌-‌‌absolute‌‌dimension‌‌ G91‌‌-‌‌incremental‌‌dimensions‌‌ ‌
M00‌‌-‌‌program‌‌stop‌‌ M01‌‌-‌‌optional‌‌stop‌‌ ‌
M02‌‌-‌‌end‌‌of‌‌program‌‌ M03‌‌-‌‌spindle‌‌on‌‌CW‌‌ ‌
M04‌‌-‌‌spindle‌‌on‌‌CCW‌‌ M05‌‌-‌‌spindle‌‌off‌‌ ‌
M06‌‌-‌‌tool‌‌change‌‌ M07‌‌/‌‌M08‌‌-‌‌coolant‌‌ON‌‌ ‌
M09‌‌-‌‌coolant‌‌off‌ ‌

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