MSBTE

Program – COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Program Code – CO

Course- ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Course Code – 22447
Sem – Vth
 CHAPTER 05- SOCIAL ISSUES AND
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
HR: 08 MARKS: 12

COURSE OUTCOMES
CO- e : Manage Social issues and Environmental Ethics as life
long learning.
 Fundament
al Duties

Role of Environment Responsibilite

NGOs Protection s of States

Regulatory Legislation
Bodies
 Fundamental Duties

Fundamental Duties
Article 51-A (g) says that “It shall be duty of every citizen of
India to protect and improve the natural environment including
forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for
living creatures.” The Directive principles under the Indian
constitution

Remember – We must be aware about our Fundamental duties

equally as we are about our Fundamental Rights !
 State’s Responsibility

Article 48 A in
The Constitution Of India.
Protection and improvement of
environment and safeguarding of
forests and wildlife.
The State shall endeavour to
protect and improve the
environment and to safeguard the
forests and wildlife of the country.
 Environmental Protection and Prevention Acts

 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

This is an umbrella / overarching and a wider general legislation in

India to protect our environment.

 Other Rules and Acts of Environmental Protection

 Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998
 Recycled Plastics, Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999
 Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001
 Biological Diversity Act, 2002
 Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Amendment
Rules, 2003
 National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
 Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016
 CPCB and MPCB Norms and Responsibilities

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB):

 A statutory organisation under the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate
Change(Mo.E.F.C.) established in 1974.
 Apex organisation in India for pollution control as a technical wing of MoEFC.
 Co-ordinates the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) by
providing technical assistance and guidance and also resolves disputes
among them.
 CPCB along with SPCBs are responsible for implementation of legislation
relating to prevention and control of environmental pollution.
 Conducts environmental assessments and research.
 Responsible for maintaining national standards under a variety of
environmental laws.
 Advises the Union Territories on industrial and other sources
of water and air pollution.
 CPCB and MPCB Norms and Responsibilities

Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB):

 The Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (established 7 September
1970) is celebrating its golden jubilee this year.
 It implements a range of environmental legislation in the state
of Maharashtra.
 The MPCB functions under the administrative control of
Environment Department of the Government of Maharashtra

Important responsibilities of MPCB:

 To plan comprehensive program for the prevention, control or
abatement of pollution and secure executions thereof
 To collect and disseminate information relating to pollution and the
prevention, control or abatement thereof. Contd…….
 CPCB and MPCB Norms and Responsibilities

Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB):

Important Responsibilities of MPCB: (contd….)
 To inspect sewage or trade effluent treatment and disposal
facilities; and to review plans, specifications etc. relating to
the ETPs/ STPs, disposal systems as per the consent
granted.
 To inspect air pollution control systems and to review
plans, specifications etc. relating to the air pollution
control systems in connection with the consent granted.
 Supporting and encouraging the developments in the
fields of pollution control, waste recycle reuse, eco-
friendly practices etc.
 Creation of public awareness and attending the public
complaints regarding pollution.
 Role of NGOs

NGOs in Environmental Protection:

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) :
 Any non-profit, voluntary citizens’ groups which is organized on a
local, national or international level.
 A term referring collectively to pressure and research groups,
advisory agencies, political parties, professional societies and
other groups concerned about environmental quality, resource
use, and many other issues.
 Supposed to be working not for ‘profit’ but for a ‘cause(s)’.
 The NGO’s constitute a world wide net work interacting with
Governments and Internal intergovernmental organizations in
shaping national and international environmental policies.
 Role of NGOs

Role of NGOs in Environmental Protection:

 Creating awareness among the public on current environmental issues and
solutions.
 Facilitating the participation of various categories of stakeholders in the
discussion on environmental issues.
 Conducting participatory rural appraisal.
 Being involved in the protection of human rights to have a clean environment.
 Protecting the natural resources and entrusting the equitable use of
resources.
 Data generation on natural resources, time line history of villages.
 Analysis and monitoring of environmental quality.
 Transferring information through newsletters, brochures, articles, audio
visuals, etc.
 Organizing seminars, lectures and group discussion for promotion of
environmental awareness.
 Helping the villages’ administrative officials in preparation, application and
execution of projects on environmental protection.
 Role of NGOs

Prominent NGOs Operating in India for Environmental

Protection:
 Centre for Environmental Education (CEE)
 Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)
 CPR Environmental Education Centre (C.P.Ramaswami Aiyar
Foundation)
 Kalpavriksh
 Narmada Bachao Andalon
 World Wide Fund for Nature
Prominent NGOs Operating in Nagpur
 Green Vigil
 I-Clean
 VEAG
 Need for
Development

Role of EIA Sustainable Environment

Development Protection

Social Aspects Economic

Development
 Sustainable Development
 Sustainability could be defined as an ability or capacity of
something to be maintained or to sustain itself.

 It’s about consuming just what we need to live now, while

leaving enough for people in the future to meet their social,
economic and environment needs.
 Sustainable Development

► Sustainable Development is a balance

between 3 aspects – Environment,
Economic and Social
► Sustainable development is all about
creating equal opportunity for all
members to ensure a strong and healthy
society.
► Sustainable development also focuses
on finding better ways of doing things
without affecting quality of our life.
 Sustainable Development

Redefined - 3 Components of S D

Social
Inclusion
Environmental
Protection (People)
Economic
Growth (Planet )

(Profit )
 Sustainable Development

Environmental Aspects
Natural Resource Uses e.g. mineral sources, Fossil
fuel consumption, forests, rivers, biodiversity etc.
Avoiding over exploitation of renewable source
system
Environmental Management e.g. Solid waste
management,
Hazardous waste management, Conservation of
biodiversity Energy efficiency, Electricity
consumption
Pollution control – air, water, land, noise etc.,
Concentration of Nox and SOx; Excessive
nutrients in water bodies Change in land use/land
cover
 Sustainable Development

Economic Aspects
 Profits,
 Cost savings,
 Ecomnomic Growth,
 R &D
 Cost of underemployment
 Job growth
 Revenue contribution to GNP
 Role of EIA in Sustainable Development

What is Environmental Impact Assessment?

Environment Impact Assessment or (EIA) can be defined as the
study to predict the effect of a proposed activity/project on the
environment.
A decision making tool, EIA compares various alternatives for a
project and seeks to identify the one which represents the best
combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits.
 Role of EIA in Sustainable Development

If Sustainability is viewed as Product, EIA

can be seen as a measuring tool to
evaluate its usefulness and
disadvantages / shortcomings.

If Sustainability is an Objective, EIA

could be one important milestone
across the route to fulfill the objective.

EIA ensures that any development

“meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of the
future generations to meet their own
needs.
 Rainwater
Harvesting

Ground
Interlinkin Water
Water
g of Rivers Management
Recharge

Watershed Green Belt

Management Development
 Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater Harvesting - Basics

• Rain is the first form of water

in hydrological cycle and
hence is a primary source of
water
• Rainwater harvesting means
to understand the value of
rain, and to make optimum
use of the rainwater at the
place where it falls.
• The rainwater collected can
be stored for direct use or can
be recharged into the
groundwater.
 Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater Harvesting - Basics

• Water harvesting can be

undertaken through a
variety of ways
• Capturing runoff from
rooftops
• Capturing runoff from local
catchments
• Capturing seasonal
floodwaters from local
streams
• Conserving water through
watershed management
 Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater Harvesting - Basics
• Objectives of Rainwater
Harvesting
– Provide drinking water
– Provide irrigation water
– Increase groundwater
recharge
– Reduce stormwater
discharges, urban floods and
overloading of sewage
treatment plants
– Reduce seawater ingress in
coastal areas.
 Greenbelt Development

• Greenbelt Development in
Urban Area
• Greenbelt land refers to an area
that is kept in reserve for an open
space - most often around larger
cities.
• The main purpose of the green belt
policy is to protect the land around
larger urban centres from urban
sprawl, and maintain the designated
area for forestry and agriculture as
well as to provide habitat to wildlife.
 Greenbelt Development in Industrial Estate

• The purpose of a green belt

around the industrial site is to
capture the fugitive emissions,
attenuate the noise generated and
improve the aesthetics.
• The proposed green belt at the
project site will form an effective
barrier between the plant and the
surroundings.
• Open spaces, where tree
plantation may not be possible,
will be covered with shrubs and
grass to prevent erosion of topsoil.
Interlinking of Rivers
 Interlinking of Rivers

National River Linking Project?

• Proposes to transfer water from ‘water surplus’ basin to
‘water deficit’ basin.
• Interlinking of 37 rivers across the country through a
network of 3000 storage dams.
• This would form a gigantic South Asian Water Grid.
The project has two components:
Himalayan Component - 14 projects to link different rivers
of the Himalayan Region.
Peninsular Component - 16 projects to link the rivers of
South India.
Interlinking of Rivers
 Interlinking of Rivers

Pros of rivers interlinking

• Control floods and droughts.
• Solve the drinking water crisis .
• Hydropower generation (About 34,000 MW).
• Dry Weather Flow Augmentation.
• Irrigation benefits to farmers – reducing
dependence on rainfall.
• Commercial benefits - inland waterways to
reduce transportaiton costs .
• Defense.
• Employment generation.
• Making many areas habitable.
 Need and scope

Non-formal Environmenta Formal

Education l Education Education

Role of IT
Objectives of Environment Education

 To improve the quality of

environment
 To create awareness among the
people on environmental
problems and conservation
 To create an atmosphere so that
people participate in decision-
making and develop the
capabilities to evaluate the
developmental programmes
 Environmental
Education

Formal Non Formal

Within Class Outside the

Room
Class Room
• Formal Education: Formal
education is given in schools,
colleges and a university etc.,
limited to a specific period, and
has a well defined and
systematic curriculum.
• Formal environmental
education begin at primary
school level.
• The medium of imparting
environmental education is not
only through books but also
through first hand experiences
in field activities and eco-
development camps etc.
Non Formal Education
 Role of IT in Environment and Health

• Role of IT in Health Sector (during

Pandemic)
• Specialized software can analyze
data for epidemiological studies,
population dynamics and a variety of
key environmental concerns.
• This looks at infection rates,
morbidity or mortality and the
etiology (causative factors) of a
disease.
• With Artificial Intelligence,
computers have become increasingly
efficient to analyze and predict
infection rates / spreads.
THANK YOU ALL