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Math Lecture Sheet – 01

No. Contents Page
1 Basic Concepts 1
2 Class Practice: 5
• Integer Numbers
• Consecutive Numbers
• Basic Operations
• Prime Numbers
3 Homework 7
4 Next Lesson 7

Student Name:

Prepared by Wasee Ahmed, BUP BBA General

Math & Analytical Instructor
 Basic Concepts:
Important Terms:
Integer→ পূর্সংখ্যা
ণ Remainder→ ভাগযেষ Factor→ উৎপাদক
Sum→ য াগ Divide→ ভাগ করা Multiple→ গুবর্তক
Difference→ বিয াগ Even→ য াড় Numerator→ লি
Product→ গুর্ Odd→ বিয াড় Denominator→ হর
Quotient→ ভাগফল Prime number→ য ৌবলক সংখ্যা Consecutive→ ধারািাবহক
L.C.M (Least Common Multiple) → ল.সা.গু (লবিষ্ঠ সাধারর্ গুবর্তক)
H.C.F/G.C.F(Highest/Greatest Common Factor)→ গ.সা.গু (গবরষ্ঠ সাধারর্ গুর্নী ক)

Integer, Even, Odd:

1. An integer is a positive or negative whole number. Set of Integers = -3,-2-1,0,1,2,3
2. 0 is NOT a positive number. 0 is an even number.
3. Set of non-negative integers = 0, 1, 2, 3 ,4, 5, ……
4. Positive × Positive = Positive [3×5 = 15]
Positive × Negative = Negative [3 × (- 5)] = - 15]
Negative x Negative = Positive [(- 3) × (- 5) = 15]
5. Positive ÷ Positive = Positive [6÷ 3 = 2]
Positive ÷ Negative = Negative [6 ÷ (-3) = - 2]
Negative ÷ Negative = Positive [ (-6) ÷ (-3) = 2]
6. The product of an even number of negative factors is positive. [(- 1)(-1)=1]
7. The product of an odd number of negative factors is negative [(- 1)(- 1)(- 1) = -1]
8. Integers which are evenly divisible by 2 are called even i.e 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, ….
9. Integers which are NOT evenly divisible by 2 are called odd i.e 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ….
10. All even numbers end with the digits 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
11. All odd numbers end with the digits 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9.
12. The general formula for even numbers is 2n (where n is an integer)
13. The general formula for odd numbers is 2n -1 (where n is an integer)
14. Even + Even = Even [2+4= 6]
Even + Odd = Odd [2+3 = 5]
Odd + Odd = Even [3+3=6]
15. Even x Even = Even [2×4 = 8]
Even x Odd = Even [2×5= 10]
Odd x Odd = 0dd [3×5 = 15]

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Prepared by Wasee Ahmed, BUP BBA General
Math & Analytical Instructor
Consecutive Numbers:
1. Consecutive numbers are those numbers that differ by 1 which means, the difference
between two consecutive numbers is always 1. These numbers are followed by each other
in increasing order. For example: 57, 58, 59, 60, or -14, -13, - 12 – 11.
2. In a series of consecutive integers, each number is 1 greater than the previous number.
Hence, if the first number is n, the formula for consecutive numbers is n, n+1, n+2, ....
3. In a series of consecutive even (48, 52, 54) or consecutive odd numbers (51, 53, 55) each
number is 2 greater than the previous number. Hence, if the first number is n, the formula
for consecutive even/odd numbers is n, n+2, n+4, ….

Test of Divisibility:
1. Any integer is divisible by 2 if the last digit of the number is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
2. Any integer is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
3. Any integer is divisible by 4 if the number formed by the last two digits of the number is
divisible by 4.
4. An integer is divisible by 5 if the last digit is either 0 or 5.
5. Any integer is divisible by 6 if it passes the divisibility tests for both 2 and 3.
6. Any integer is divisible by 8 if the number formed by the last three digits is divisible by 8.
7. Any integer is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
8. Any integer is divisible by 10 if the last digit is a 0.
9. Any integer is divisible by 11 if the sum of the odd-placed digits from the right minus the
sum of the even-placed digits is either 0 or divisible by 11. E.g. in the number 29623, from
the right, 3 is the first digit, 2 is the second digit, 6 is the third digit, 9 is the fourth digit
and 2 is the fifth digit. So, sum of the digits in the first, third and fifth positions (odd
positions) 3+6+2=11. The sum of the digits in the second and fourth positions (even
positions) = 2+9=11. Difference of the two sums = 11-11-0. So, the original number is also
divisible by 11.

Factors:
If a number P is divisible by a number Q, then Q is a factor of P. Again, in this case, P will also be
divisible by all the factors of Q. For example, 60 is divisible by 12, so 12 is a factor 60. Again 60 is
also divisible by 2, 3, 4, and 6 which all are factors of 12.

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Prepared by Wasee Ahmed, BUP BBA General
Math & Analytical Instructor
Multiples:
A multiple is a product that we get when one number is multiplied by another number. For
example, if we say 4 × 5 = 20, here 20 is a multiple of 4. The other multiples of 4 can be listed as
4 (4 ×1 = 4), 8 (4 × 2 = 8), 12 (4 × 3 = 12), and so on.

HCF & LCM:

The highest common factor of two or more positive integers happens to be the largest positive
integer that divides the numbers without leaving a remainder. For example, take 8 and 12. The
H.C.F. of 8 and 12 will be 4 because the highest number that can divide both 8 and 12 is 4.

In arithmetic, the least common multiple or LCM of two numbers say a and b, is denoted as LCM
(a,b). And the LCM is the smallest or least positive integer that is divisible by both a and b. For
example, let us take two positive integers 4 and 6. The least common multiple would be 12.

• The product of HCF and LCM of any group of numbers is equal to the product of those
numbers. If the HCF of a and b is x and the LCM of a and b is y Then, ab = xy. If the HCF of
4 & 5 is 1. The LCM of 4 & 5 is 20 then 4 x 5 = LCM x HCF => 20 = 20 × 1

Rounding Off (Approximations):

A rounded number has about the same value as the number you start with, but it is less exact.
For example, 341 rounded to the nearest hundred is 300. That is because 341 is closer in value
to 300 than to 400. When rounding off to the nearest dollar, $1.89 becomes $2.00, because $1.89
is closer to $2.00 than to $1.00. Here’s the general rule for rounding:

• If the number you are rounding is followed by 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, round the number up.
Example: 38 rounded to the nearest ten is 40.
• If the number you are rounding is followed by 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, round the number down.
Example: 33 rounded to the nearest ten is 30.

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Prepared by Wasee Ahmed, BUP BBA General
Math & Analytical Instructor
Prime Numbers:
1. A number which has no factor except itself and unity is a prime number.
2. 0 is NOT a prime number because it has no divisor.
3. The number 1 isn’t considered prime, as it has only one factor (itself).
4. The smallest and only even prime number is 2.
5. The first odd prime number is 3.
6. Prime numbers from 1 to 100 are:

2, 3, 5, 7 11, 13, 17, 19 23, 29 31,37 41, 43, 47 53,59 61, 67 71, 73, 79 83, 89 97
4 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 1

44 22 32 23 21, this way we can easily remember first 25 prime numbers upto 100.

• How many prime numbers are there between 60 and 100?

Solution: 2+3+2+1 = 8 [(61, 67) → 2; (71, 73, 79) → 3; (83, 89) → 2; (97) → 1]

7. Prime numbers from 101 to 200 are:

101, 103, 107, 109 113 127 131, 137, 139 149 151, 157 163, 167 173, 179 181 191, 193, 197, 199
4 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 1 4

41 13 12 22 14, this way we can easily remember the 21 prime numbers from 101-200.

Test for a number to be prime:

Step 1: Find the nearest approximate square root of the number.

Step 2: Divide the number by all the prime numbers lower than the approximate square root
number.

Step 3: If divisible by any of them, then it isn’t a prime number. If NOT divisible, then it is a prime
number.

• Is the number 97 prime?

Solution: An approximate square root of 97 is 10. All of the prime numbers less than 10
are 2, 3, 5, and 7. Divide 97 by 2, 3, 5, and 7. No integer results, so 97 is a prime.

• Is the number 161 prime?

Solution: An approximate square root of 161 is 13. The prime numbers less than 13 are 2,
3, 5, 7 and 11. Divide 161 by 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11. 161 is divisible by 7 (161÷7 = 23), so 161 is
NOT a prime.
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Prepared by Wasee Ahmed, BUP BBA General
Math & Analytical Instructor
 Class Practice:
1) Which of the following must be odd?
I. Even x Even II. Odd x Odd III. Even + Odd
(A) None (B) I only (C) II and III only (D) I and III only (E) I, II and III
2) If the 1st number in a series of consecutive odd numbers is 8 less than the last number in the
series, how many numbers are there in the series? (BBA 04-05)
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 8 (E) None of these
3) x, y and z are consecutive integers. If 0<x<y<z and (x + y + z) is an odd integer, which of the
following could be the value of z? (MBA 01-02)
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) None of these
𝑥
4) If 𝑦 > 0, which of the following must be true? (MBA 08-09)

(A) x > 0 (B) y > 0 (C) xy > 0 (D) x - y > 0 (E) All of these
5) If a and b are integers such that a + b = 5, which of the following must be true? (MBA 07-08)
I. The product of a and b is odd. II. If a is odd then b must be even.
III. If a is negative, then b must be positive.
(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only (E) I, II and III
6) In a certain brick wall, each row of bricks above the bottom row contains one less brick than
the row just below it. If there are 5 rows in all and a total of 75 bricks in that wall, how many
bricks does the bottom row contain? (MBA 05-06)
(A) 12 (B) 17 (C) 14 (D) 15 (E) None of these
7) If n is an integer divisible by 6 but not by 4, then which of the following CANNOT be an
integer? (BBA 15-16)
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 12 (D) 10 (E) none of these

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Prepared by Wasee Ahmed, BUP BBA General
Math & Analytical Instructor
 8) Fill in each of the empty spaces between the numbers in the following series with symbols
+, -, / and x (use each symbol only once and no parenthesis). What is the least possible value
of the result? (BBA 19-20)
1_3_5_7_9=?
(A)-5.29 (B) 57.67 (C) -61.4 (D) -2.3 (E) -3.29
9) (𝑥 2 + 3) when divided by 32 and remainder is 7 and if x is a positive integer then which of the
following must also be an integer? (MBA 19-20)
𝑋 𝑋 𝑋
I. 2 II. 4 III. 6

(A) I (B) II (C) I and III (D) III (E) none of these
10) XYZ+ZY=333, if x = 3 , Y > Z and X, Y, Z all are distinct single digit positive integer then what
could be the value of Y? (MBA 19-20)
(A) 0 (B)1 (C) 2 (D)3 (E) None of these
11) If both 112 and 33 are factors of the number 𝑎 x 43 x 62 x 1311 , then what is the smallest
possible value of 'a'?
(A) 121 (B) 3267 (C) 363 (D) 33 (E) None of these
12) If a typist can type 125 pages, 36 lines each, 11 words to each line in 5 day, how many pages
of 30 lines each and 12 words to each line can he type in 6 days? (MBA 96-97)
(A) 180 (B) 175 (C) 170 (D) 165 (E) none of these
13) 3 and 5 are factors of F. From this information, we can conclude that (BBA 94-95)
(A) 8 is a factor of F (B) F is a multiple of 15 (C) F= 3 x 5
(D) 15 is a multiple of 15 (E) 3 and 5 are the only factors of F
14) How many positive integers less than 20 are equal to the sum of a positive multiple of 3 and
a positive multiple of 4? (MBA 03-04)
(A) Eleven (B) Five (C) Seven (D) Ten (E) none of these
𝑥
15) When positive integer x is divided by positive integer y, the remainder is 9. If 𝑦 = 96.12, what

is the value of y? (BBA 08-09)

(A) 96 (B) 75 (C) 48 (D) 25 (E) 12

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Prepared by Wasee Ahmed, BUP BBA General
Math & Analytical Instructor
 16) If n is the smallest integer such that 432 times n is the square of an integer, what is the value
of n?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 12 (E) 24
17) How many distinct prime numbers are factors of 33150?
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 6
18) One third, one fourth, one fifth and one-seventh of the human population of Island X, which
has fewer than 5000 human inhabitants, are all whole numbers and their sum is exactly the
population of Island Y. What is the population of Island Y? (BBA 02-03)
(A) 4200 (B) 4279 (C) 4581 (D) 4800 (E) Cannot be determined
19) (441 + 442 + 443 ) is divisible by- (BBA 09-10)
(A) 7 (B) 13 (C) 15 (D) 17 (E) none of these
20) Six bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 10, and 12 seconds
respectively. In 30 minutes, how many times do they toll together?
(A)4 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 16 (E) Cannot be determined

Answer Keys:
Mentors Math Qbank:
Concept 1 Question: 1, 9, 14, 18, 20, 21, 34, 37, 44, 45, 49
Concept 2 Question: 4, 8, 14, 20, 24, 25
Concept 3,4,5 Question: 9, 12, 21

Homework:
Practise all maths of concept 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 from Mentors Math Qbank

Next Lesson:
● Fractions
● Roots
● Exponents
● Decimal

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Prepared by Wasee Ahmed, BUP BBA General
Math & Analytical Instructor