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Question 1: Fish and Fruits

(A) During summers, trees adjacent to the wetlands drop fruit into the water.

(B) The largest fruit-eating fish are primarily responsible for seed distribution and the
growth of wetland habitat.

(C) Most plant species in tropical forests are dispersed in this way.

(D) The greatest propagators of seeds are the large fishes which swallow these fruits
which then pass through their excreta.

(E) Freshwater fishes eat hundreds of plant species.

Question 2: Southern Pike

A) As it kills all the smaller fishes, this gigantic predator poses a genuine risk to the
environment.

B) The Southern Pike is a big obnoxious fish species which inhabits Lake Erie.

C) As a result, many species of fishes in the lake face extermination which is unhealthy
for the ecosystem.

D) This enormous hungry fish eats up little fishes such as trout and perch that live in
the lake

Question 3: Online Heart Age test

(A) In the urban areas, 75 percent of individuals who have taken the test have a heart
age that is at least one year older than their real age.

(B) A campaign has been launched to help people find out their ‘heart age’.

(C) The free online heart age test asks people some basic lifestyle questions, including
blood pressure, and will give an instant estimation of someone’s heart age.

(D) Those who have a heart age higher than their real age are at an increased risk of
heart attack or stroke.

(E) Ministry of Health has created an online test in an effort to reduce the number of
deaths from heart disease or stroke.
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Question 4: Bitter Seeds
(A) This bitter taste is a defensive feature which the plant produces to keep animals
like us from destroying it.

(B) Apple, cherry and apricot seeds are not considered to be edible.

(C) It comes from a substance called amygdalin .

(D) This chemical turns into cyanide when it comes into contact with acids in the human
digestive system.

(E) They are hard, bitter, and unpleasant.

Question 5: The Highway Code

A) An analogy can be made to the Highway Code for driving. Drivers know the code
and have indeed been tested on it to obtain a driving license.

B) In actual driving, however, the driver has to relate the code to a continuous flow of
changing circumstances, and may even break it from time to time.

C) In language learning there is a distinction between competence and performance.

Competence is a state of the speaker’s mind. What he or she knows?

D) Knowing the Highway Code is not the same as driving.

E) Separate from actual performance – what he or she does while producing or

comprehending language. In other words, competence is put to use through
performance.

Question 6: Exploratory Urge

A) It depends on how specialized they have become during the course of evolution.

B) So long as the ant eater has its ants and the koala bear is gum leaves, then they
are satisfied and the living is easy.

C) All animals have a strong exploratory urge, but for some it is more crucial than
others.

D) The non-specialists, however, the opportunists of the animal world, can never afford
to relax.

E) If they have put all their effort into the perfection of one survival trick, they do not
bother so much with the general complexities of the world around them.
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Question 7: 3-D Print

A) Even the internal structure could be modified in new ways; different materials could
be incorporated as the process goes along.

B) Researchers have developed a system that can 3-D print the basic structure of an
entire building.

C) Ultimately, the researchers say, this approach could enable the design and
construction of new kinds of buildings that would not be feasible with traditional
building methods.

D) Structures built with this system could be produced faster and less expensively than
traditional construction methods allow.

Question 8: Glow Worms

(A) Found in massive numbers in caves, the fungus gnat larvae cling to the rocky walls
of the abandoned tunnel and hunt with long, glowing strings of sticky mucus.

(B) For Newnes, that meant becoming home to thousands and thousands of glow
worms.

(C) The glow worm is a catch-all name for the bioluminescent larvae of various species,
in this case, the Arachnocampa richardsae, a type of fungus gnat.

(D) The Newnes railroad was closed in 1932 after 25 years of shipping oil shale.

(E) The rails were pulled out of the 600-meter tunnel, which had been bored through
the andstone in the Wollemi National Park, and the tunnel was left to its own
devices.

Question 9: Historical Records

A. However, when archaeologists want know the absolute date of a site, they can
often go beyond simple stratigraphy.

B. For example, tree rings, Dendrochronology (literally, te of a site, they cooden

artefacts by matching their ring patterns to known records, which, in some areas of
the world, span several thousand years.

C. Historical records, coins, and other date-bearing objects can help – if they exist. But
even prehistoric sites contain records – written in nature’s hand.

D. The series of strata in an archaeological dig enables an excavator to date recovered

objects relatively, if not absolutely.
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Question 10: Different Views

A. In general, there is a tendency to underestimate how long it takes to discuss and

resolve an issue on which two people initially have different views.

B. They (and probably you) have to be persuaded and helped to feel comfortable
about the outcome that is eventually agreed.

C. People need time to make this adjustment in attitude and react badly to any
attempt to rush them into an agreement.

D. The reason is that achieving agreement requires people to accept the reality of
views different from their own and to accept change or compromise.

E. It is not just a matter of putting forward a set of facts and expecting the other
person immediately to accept the logic of the exposition.

Question 11: New Ventures

A) Often they also address the challenges experienced by the world's poor.

B) We have facilitated more than $203 million in investment, and worked with 250
innovative businesses whose goods and services produce clear, measurable
environmental benefits, such as clean energy, efficient water use, and sustainable
agriculture.

C) For example, one of the companies we work with in China, called Ecostar,
refurbishes copy machines from the United States and re-sells or leases them for 20
percent less than a branded photocopier.

D) New Ventures is a program that helps entrepreneurs in some of the world's most
dynamic, emerging economies-- Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia and
Mexico.

Question 12: Hip Hop culture

A) Without these, Hip Hop culture would never have been, and it is because these
values remain at its core that Hip Hop is such a powerful agent of positive social
change around the world.

B) It necessarily embodies and values resilience, understanding, community and social

justice.

C) Yet, the Hip Hop project is not yet free from these difficult circumstances.

D) Hip Hop culture emerged as a reaction to the gang culture and violence of the
South Bronx in the 1970s, and daily experiences of poverty, racism, exclusion,
crime, violence, and neglect.
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Question 13: Copernicanism

A) In so doing, they discover that these once remote worlds are themselves earth-like
in character.

B) Scientists and writers alike constructed fantastical tales in which fictional characters
journey to the moon, sun, and planets.

C) The expanding influence of Copernicanism through the seventeenth century

transformed not only the natural philosophic leanings of astronomers but also the
store of conceptual material accessible to writers of fiction.

D) During this period of scientific revolution, a new literary genre arose, namely that of
the scientific cosmic voyage.

E) Descriptions of these planetary bodies as terrestrial in kind demonstrate the

seventeenth-century intellectual shift from the Aristotelian to the Copernican
framework

Question 14: EU Fish Problems

A) As a result, Senegal’s marine ecosystem has started to go the same way as ours.

B) The European Union has two big fish problems.

C) The other is that its governments won’t confront their fishing lobbies and
decommission all the surplus boats.

D) The EU has tried to solve both problems by sending its fishermen to West Africa.
Since 1979 it has struck agreements with the government of Senegal, granting our
fleets access to its waters.

E) One is that, partly as a result of its failure to manage them properly, its own
fisheries can no longer meet European demand.

Question 15: Native Speakers

A) Because so many English-speakers today are monoglots, they have little idea how
difficult it is to master another language.

B) Anyone wanting to get to the top of international business, medicine or academia

(but possibly not sport) needs to be able to speak English to a pretty high level.

C) Many think the best way to make foreigners understand is to be chatty and
informal.

D) This may seem friendly but, as it probably involves using colloquial expressions, it
makes comprehension harder.
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E) Equally, any native English speaker wanting to deal with these new high achievers
needs to know how to talk without baffling them.

Question 16: Bankruptcy

A) In either case, either the mine site and areas downstream of it remain toxic,
thereby endangering people, or else the U.S. federal government and the Montana
state government pay for the cleanup through the federal Superfund and a
corresponding Montana state fund.

B) Especially if the company is small, its owners may declare the company bankrupt,
in some cases conceal its assets, and transfer their business efforts to other
companies or to new companies that do not bear responsibility for cleanup at the
old mine.

C) In Montana as elsewhere, companies that have acquired older mines respond to

demands to pay for cleanup in either of two ways.

D) If the company is so large that it cannot claim that it would be bankrupted by clean-
up costs, the company instead denies its responsibility or else seeks to minimize
the costs.

Question 17: United Nations Conference

A) These problems otherwise would not have the political urgency to grab front-page
headlines and command the attention of world leaders.

B) In fact, the world body was born when delegates from 50 nations met in San
Francisco in April 1945 for the United Nations Conference on International
Organization.

C) Conferences have played a key role in guiding the work of the United Nations since
its very inception.

D) The recent high-profile conferences on development issues, which have continued a

series that began in the 1970s, have broken new ground in many areas: by
involving Presidents, Prime Ministers and other heads of state - as pioneered at the
1990 World Summit for Children.

E) These events have put long-term, difficult problems like poverty and environmental
degradation at the top of the global agenda.

Question 18: Fibers

A) Narenda Reddy and Yiqi Yang, who produced the fibres at the University of
Nebraska in Lincoln.

B) He say that because they are biodegradable they might be used in biomedical
applications such as surgical sutures.
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C) Fibres suitable for clothing have been made for the first time from the wheat
protein gluten.

D) The fibres are as strong and soft as wool and silk, but up to 30 times cheaper.

Question 19: Green technologies

A) Not only are there some good career opportunities, but there’s a lot of money going
into the research side, too.

B) Engineers are much needed to develop greener technologies.

C) The energy sector has a fantastic skills shortage at all levels, both now and looming
over it for the next 10 years

D) With the pressures of climate change and the energy gap, in the last few years
funding from the research councils has probably doubled.

Question 20: Tutorial

A. Why is that?

B. Many students sit in a tutorial week after week without saying anything.

C. They think it is like a small lecture where the tutor gives them information.

D. Even if students do know what a tutorial is for, there can be other reasons why they
keep quiet.

E. Maybe they do not know the purpose of a tutorial.

ANSWERS:
Re-order Para

Question 1: EBACD

Question 2: BDAC

Question 3: BECAD

Question 4: BEACD

Question 5: CEADB
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Question 6: CAEBD

Question 7: BDAC

Question 8: DEBCA

Question 9: CDAB

Question 10: ADEBC

Question 11: DBAC

Question 12: DBAC

Question 13: CDBAE

Question 14: BECDA

Question 15: BEACD

Question 16: CBDA

Question 17: CBDEA

Question 18: CDAB

Question 19: BCAD
Question 20: BAECD