Full download solution manual or testbank at testbankfan.

com

Introduction to Programming Using Python 1st

Edition Schneider Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-programming-
using-python-1st-edition-schneider-solutions-manual/

OR CLICK BUTTON

DOWLOAD NOW

Download more solution manual or testbank from https://testbankfan.com

More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

Introduction to Programming Using Python 1st Edition

Schneider Test Bank

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-programming-
using-python-1st-edition-schneider-test-bank/

Introduction to Programming Using Visual Basic 10th

Edition Schneider Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-programming-
using-visual-basic-10th-edition-schneider-solutions-manual/

Introduction to Programming Using Visual Basic 2012 9th

Edition Schneider Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-programming-
using-visual-basic-2012-9th-edition-schneider-solutions-manual/

Introduction to Programming Using Visual Basic 10th

Edition Schneider Test Bank

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-programming-
using-visual-basic-10th-edition-schneider-test-bank/
Introduction to Programming Using Visual Basic 2012 9th
Edition Schneider Test Bank

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-programming-
using-visual-basic-2012-9th-edition-schneider-test-bank/

Introduction to Parallel Programming 1st Edition

Pacheco Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-parallel-
programming-1st-edition-pacheco-solutions-manual/

Practice of Computing Using Python 2nd Edition Punch

Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/practice-of-computing-using-
python-2nd-edition-punch-solutions-manual/

Introduction to JavaScript Programming with XML and PHP

1st Edition Drake Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-javascript-
programming-with-xml-and-php-1st-edition-drake-solutions-manual/

Comprehensive Introduction to Object Oriented

Programming with Java 1st Edition Wu Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/comprehensive-introduction-to-
object-oriented-programming-with-java-1st-edition-wu-solutions-
manual/
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 APPENDIX F
NUMBER OF FREE POSITIVE
ELECTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN
ATOM BY RUTHERFORD’S METHOD
If represents the number of free positive electrons in the
nucleus, the electronic charge, the known charge on the -
particle, namely , and the known kinetic energy of the -
particle, then, since the inertias of the negative electrons are quite
negligible in comparison with that of the -particle, if the latter
suffers an appreciable change in direction in passing through an
atom it will be due to the action of the nuclear charge. If
represents the closest possible approach of the -particle to the
center of the nucleus, namely, that occurring when the collision is
“head on,” and the -particle is thrown straight back upon its
course, then the original kinetic energy must equal the
work done against the electric field in approaching to the distance ,
i.e.,

Suppose, however, that the collision is not “head on,” but that the
original direction of the -particle is such that, if its direction were
maintained, its nearest distance of approach to the nucleus would be
(Fig. 41). The deflection of the a particle will now be, not 180°, as
before, but some other angle . If follows simply from the
geometrical properties of the hyperbola and the elementary
principles of mechanics that

Fig. 41

For let represent the path of the particle and let

. Also let = velocity of the particle on entering the
atom and its velocity at . Then from the conservation of angular
momentum
and from conservation of energy

Since the eccentricity , and for any conic the focal

distance is the eccentricity times one-half the major axis, i.e.,
, it follows that

But from equations (58) and (59)

and since the angle of deviation is , it follows that

Now it is evident from the method used in Appendix E that if

there are atoms per cubic centimeter of a metal foil of thickness ,
and if each atom has a radius , then the probability that a
particle of size small in comparison with will pass through one of
these atoms in shooting through the foil is given by
Similarly the probability that it will pass within a distance of the
center of an atom is

If this probability is small in comparison with unity, it represents the

fraction of any given number of particles shooting through the foil
which will actually come within a distance of the nucleus of an
atom of the foil.
The fraction of the total number which will strike within radii
and is given by differentiation as

but from equation (57)

Therefore the fraction which is deflected between the angles

and is given by integration as

It was this fraction of a given number of -particles shot into the

foil which Geiger and Marsden found by direct count by the
scintillation method to be deflected through the angles included
between any assigned limits and . Since and are known,
could be at once obtained. It was found to vary with the nature of
the atom, being larger for the heavy atoms than for the lighter ones,
and having a value for gold of . This is then an
upper limit for the size of the nucleus of the gold atom.
As soon as has thus been found for any atom, equation (56)
can be solved for , since , , and are all known. It is
thus that the number of free positive electrons in the nucleus is
found to be roughly half the atomic weight of the atom, and that the
size of the nucleus is found to be very minute in comparison with the
size of the atom.
 APPENDIX G
BOHR’S THEORETICAL DERIVATION
OF THE VALUE OF THE RYDBERG
CONSTANT
The Newtonian equation of a circular orbit of an electron
rotating about a central attracting charge , at a distance , with a
rotational frequency , is

The kinetic energy of the electron is . The

work required to move the electron from its orbit to a position at rest
at infinity is . If we denote this
quantity of energy by , it is seen at once that

If we combine this with (37), p. 213, there results at once

Upon change in orbit the radiated energy must be

and, if we place this equal to , there results the Balmer formula

(34), p. 210,

in which

Since for hydrogen , we have

and from (60)

 APPENDIX H
A. H. COMPTON’S THEORETICAL
DERIVATION OF THE CHANGE IN
THE WAVE-LENGTH OF ETHER-
WAVES BECAUSE OF SCATTERING
BY FREE ELECTRONS
Imagine, as in Fig. 42A, that an X-ray quantum of frequency
is scattered by an electron of mass . The momentum of the
incident ray will be , where is the velocity of light and is

Planck’s constant, and that of the scattered ray is at an angle

with the initial momentum.
 Fig. 42

The principle of the conservation of momentum accordingly

demands that the momentum of recoil of the scattering electron
shall equal the vector difference between the momenta of these two
rays, as in Fig. 42B. The momentum of the electron, , is

thus given by the relation

where is the ratio of the velocity of recoil of the electron to the

velocity of light. But the energy in the scattered quantum is
equal to that of the incident quantum less the kinetic energy of
recoil of the scattering electron, i.e.,
 We thus have two independent equations containing the two
unknown quantities and . On solving the equations we find

where

or, in terms of wave-length instead of frequency,

Substituting the accepted values of , , and ,

 APPENDIX I
THE ELEMENTS, THEIR ATOMIC NUMBERS, ATOMIC
WEIGHTS, AND CHEMICAL POSITIONS
1H
1.008
0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII
2 He 3 Li 4 Be 5B 6C 7N 8O 9F
3.99 6.94 9.1 11.0 12.00 14.01 16.00 19.0
10 Ne 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 5P 16 S 17 Cl
20.2 23.00 24.32 27.1 28.3 31.04 32.06 35.46
18 A 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni
39.88 39.10 40.07 44.1 48.1 51.0 52.0 54.93 55.84 58.97 58.68
29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br
63.57 65.37 69.9 72.5 74.96 79.2 79.92
36 Kr 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43— 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd
82.92 85.45 87.63 88.7 90.6 93.5 96.0 101.7 102.9 106.7
47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 J
107.88 112.40 114.8 118.7 120.2 127.5 126.92
54 X 55 Cs 56 Ba 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61—62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Ds
130.2 132.81 137.37 139.0 140.25 140.6 144.3 150.4 152 157.0 159.2 162.5
67 Ho 68 Ev 69 Tu 70 Yb 71 Lu 72Hf 73 Ta 74 W 75— 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt
163.5 167.7 168.5 173.5 175.0 181.5 184.0 190.9 193.1 195.2
79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85—
197.2 200.6 204.0 207.20 208.0 (210.0)
86 Ni 87— 88 Ra 89 Ac 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U
(222.0) 226.0 (227) 232.15 (234) 238.2

Elements, the atomic numbers of which are not in the order of atomic weights, are in italics. The
numbers corresponding to missing elements are in bold-faced type.

1 Hydrogen 24 Chromium 47 Silver 70 Ytterbium

2 Helium 25 Manganese 48 Cadmium 71 Lutecium
3 Lithium 26 Iron 49 Indium 72 Hafnium
4 Beryllium 27 Cobalt 50 Tin 73 Tantalum
5 Boron 28 Nickel 51 Antimony 74 Tungsten
6 Carbon 29 Copper 52 Tellurium 75 ——
7 Nitrogen 30 Zinc 53 Iodine 76 Osmium
8 Oxygen 31 Gallium 54 Xenon 77 Iridium
9 Fluorine 32 Germanium 55 Caesium 78 Platinum
10 Neon 33 Arsenic 56 Barium 79 Gold
11 Sodium 34 Selenium 57 Lanthanum 80 Mercury
12 Magnesium 35 Bromine 58 Cerium 81 Thallium
13 Aluminium 36 Krypton 59 Praseodymium 82 Lead
14 Silicon 37 Rubidium 60 Neodymium 83 Bismuth
15 Phosphorus 38 Strontium 61 —— 84 Polonium
16 Sulphur 39 Yttrium 62 Samarium 85 ——
17 Chlorine 40 Zirconium 63 Europium 86 Emanation
18 Argon 41 Niobium 64 Gadolinium 87 ——
19 Potassium 42 Molybdenum 65 Terbium 88 Radium
20 Calcium 43 —— 66 Dyprosium 89 Actinium
21 Scandium 44 Rhuthenium 67 Holmium 90 Thorium
22 Titanium 45 Rhodium 68 Erbium 91 Uranium X
23 Vanadium 46 Paladium 69 Thulium 92 Uranium
 FOOTNOTES:

[1] Mem. of the Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc., (1851; 2d series),
107; Phil. Mag. XIV (1857), 211.
[2] Phil. Mag., XIX (1860; 4th series), 28. Clausius had discussed
some of the relations of this quantity in 1858 (Pogg. Ann. CV
[1858], 239), but Maxwell’s magnificent work on the viscosity of
gases first made possible its evaluation.
[3] I, 375-36.
[4] See Werke, IV, 281.
[5] Op. cit., p. 294.
[6] Phil. Mag., XI (1881; 5th series), 384.
[7] Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, III, 69.
[8] Kelvin, “Contact Electricity and Electrolysis,” Nature, LVI
(1897), 84.
[9] Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, IV (1891;
11th series), 563.
[10] See particularly Rutherford’s presidential address at the
recent Liverpool meeting of the British Association, Science, LVIII
(1923), 213.
[11] J. J. Thomson and E. Rutherford, Phil. Mag., XLII (1896),
392.
[12] Phil. Mag., XLIV (1898), 422.
[13] Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., IX, 401.
[14] Phil. Trans., A 195, p. 193.
[15] Annale de Chimie et de Physique, XXVIII, 289.
[16] Phil. Trans., A 193, p. 129.
[17] Leonard B. Loeb, Proc. Nat. Acad., II (1916), 345, and Phys.
Rev., 1917.
[18] Wellish, Amer. Jour. of Science, XXXIX (1915), 583.
[19] L. B. Loeb, Jour. Franklin Inst., CXCVII (1924), 45.
[20] H. A. Erikson, Phys. Rev., XX (1922), 118.
[21] H. B. Wahlin, ibid., p. 267.
[22] Verb. der deutsch. phys. Ges., XI (1909), 146 and 276.
[23] Proc. Roy. Soc., LXXX (1908), 207.
[24] Fournier d’Albe, Life of Sir William Crookes, 1924.
[25] Proc. Roy. Soc., XL (1890), 526.
[26] Phil. Mag., XLIV (1897), 298.
[27] W. Wien, Wied. Ann., LXV (1898), 440.
[28] Rays of Positive Electricity. London: Longmans, 1913.
[29] Proceedings, IX (1897), 244.
[30] Phil. Mag., XXIX (1890; 5th series), 56.
[31] Ibid., p. 292; Nature, XXXVI, 412.
[32] Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., IX (1897), 333.
[33] Ibid., p. 345.
[34] Phil. Mag., XLVI (1898), 528.
[35] Verh. der deutsch. phys. Ges., XVI (1914), 422.
[36] Phil. Mag., V (1903; 6th series), 354.
[37] Op. cit., p. 429.
[38] Phys. Rev., XXVI (1908), 198.
[39] Phil. Mag., XIX (1910), 209.
[40] I had changed the constant in Wilson’s equation from 3.1 to
3.422 because of careful measurements on the temperature
existing in the cloud chamber about 10 seconds after expansion
and because of new measurements on the viscosity of the
saturated air.
[41] See Phil. Mag., XXI (1911), 757.
[42] Phys. Rev., Series 1, XXXII (1911), 349; Series 2, II (1913),
109.
[43] Comptes rendus (1911), 1735.
[44] Phys. Rev., XXXV (1912), 227.
[45] Cunningham (Proc. Roy. Soc., LXXXIII [1910], 357) and the
author came independently to the conclusion as to the invalidity
of Stokes’s Law, he from theoretical considerations developed at
about the same time, I from my experimental work.
[46] Phys. Rev., N.S., I, (1913), 124.
[47] Phys. Rev., N.S., II (1913), 363.
[48] Phys. Rev., December, 1916.
[49] Ann. der Phys., XXII (1907), 287; XXIII (1908), 447.
[50] Math. and Phys. Papers, III, 59.
[51] See Phil. Mag., XIX (1910), 216; XXI (1911), 757.
[52] Phys. Rev., II (1913), 117. This paper was read before the
Deutsche physikalische Gesellschaft in Berlin in June, 1912.
[53] Phys. Rev., II (1913), 136.
[54] For full details see Millikan, Phil. Mag., June, 1917.
[55] At. wt. of Ag. = 107.88; electrochem. eq’t. of Ag. = 0.01188.
[56] Phil. Trans., CXCIII (1900), 129.
[57] Proc. Roy. Soc., LXXX (1908), 207.
[58] Verh. deutsch. phys. Ges., March 5, 1909.
[59] Phil. Mag., XXIII (1911), 753.
[60] Le Radium, X (1913), 113, 119.
[61] Sitzungsber. d. k. Bayerischen Akad. d. Wiss. (1913), p. 19.
[62] Ann. d. Phys., XLV, 177; XLVII, 227.
[63] Phys. Rev., X (1918), 283.
[64] Phys. Rev., XVI (1920), 260.
[65] Rays of Positive Electricity (1913), p. 46.
[66] Millikan, Gottschalk, and Kelly, Phys. Rev., XI (1920), 157.
[67] Millikan, Phys. Rev., XVIII (1921), 456. Wilkins, ibid., XXIV
(1922), 210.
[68] Phys. Rev., September or October, 1924.
[69] Rays of Positive Electricity (1913), p. 46.
[70] Phil. Mag., IV (1828), 161.
[71] Revue des questions scientifiques, Louvain, VII (1880), 5.
[72] Ibid., II (1877), 319.
[73] Dinglers polyt. Jour., CCXXXIX (1881), 325.
[74] Jour. de Phys., VII (1888), 561; Comptes rendus, CIX (1889),
102.
[75] Ann. d. Phys. (4), XVII (1905), 549; XIX (1906), 371; XXII
(1907), 569.
[76] Comptes rendus, CXLVI (1908), 530.
[77] Ibid., p. 967; CXLVII (1908), 475, 530, 594; CLII (1911),
1380, 1569; see also Perrin, Brownian Movements and Molecular
Reality, Engl. tr. by Soddy, 1912.
[78] Ann. der Phys., IV (1906), 21, 756.
[79] Wiener Berichte, CXVI (1907), II, 1175.
[80] Comptes rendus, CXLVI (1908), 624, 1010.
[81] Ibid., CXLIV (1907), 1338.
[82] Ibid., CXLVIII (1909), 1316.
[83] Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik, X (1913), 513.
[84] Science, February 17, 1911.
[85] Phys. Zeitschr., XII (1911), 202-8; see also Phys. Rev.,
XXXIII (1911), 81.
[86] Phys. Rev., I, N.S. (1913), 218.
[87] It was read before the Academy on July 6: Wiener Berichte,
CXX (1911), II, 1021, but appeared first in print in the August 1st
number of the Phys. Zeitschr. (1911), p. 63. Fletcher’s article is
found in brief in an earlier number of the same volume of the
Phys. Zeitschr. p. 203, and was printed in full in the July number
of Le Radium, VIII (1911), 279.
[88] No error is introduced here if, as assumed, is small in
comparison with . However for more rigorous equations see
Fletcher, Phys. Rev., IV (1914), 442; also Smoluchowski, Phys.
Zeitschr., XVI (1915), 321.
[89] Le Radium, VIII (1911), 279; Phys. Rev., XXXIII (1911), 107.
[90] Phys. Rev., I (1913), 218.
[91] Sitzungsber. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. in Wien, CXX (1911), II,
1021.
[92] Ibid., CXXI (1912), II, 950.
[93] Ztschr. f. Phys. Chem., LXXXVII (1914), 40.
[94] Die Brownsche Bewegung besonders als Mittel zur
Bestimmung der Avogadroschen Konstante, inaugural
dissertation. Upsala: Almquist & Wiksells Boktryckeri, 1915.
[95] Proc. Roy. Soc., A LXXXI (1908), 141, 161.
[96] Sitzungsber. d. k. Preuss. Akad., XXXVIII (1909), 948.
[97] Rutherford and Royds, Phil. Mag., XVII (1909), 281.
[98] Phil. Mag. (6), XXII (1911), 599.
[99] Phil. Mag. (6), V (1903), 429.
[100] Comptes rendus, CXLVI (1908), 624, 1010.
[101] Ibid., CXLIV (1907), 1338.
[102] Ibid., CXLVIII (1909), 1316.
[103] Phys. Zeilschr., X (1909), 308.
[104] Ibid., XI (1910), 619.
[105] This paper was published in abstract in Phys. Rev., XXX
(1909), 360, and Phil. Mag., XIX (1910), 209.
[106] This paper was published in abstract in Phys. Rev., XXXI
(1910), 92; Science, XXXII (1910), 436; Phys. Zeitschr., XI
(1910), 1097.
[107] Wien. Ber., CXIX (1910), II, 809. This publication was
apparently not issued before December, 1910, for it is not noted
in Naturae Novitates before this date.
[108] Proc. Roy. Soc., LXXXIII (1910), 360.
[109] These results were presented and discussed at great length
in the fall of 1910; see Phys. Zeitschr., XI (1910), 619, 940.
[110] Phys. Zeitschr., XII (1911), 161; Phys. Rev., XXXII (1911),
394.
[111] Le Radium, VIII (1911), 279; Phys. Rev., XXXIII (1911),
107.
[112] Phys. Rev., XXXIII (1911), 366, 367.
[113] See R. Pohl, Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik, VII
(1912), 431.
[114] Wien. Sitzungsber., CXXIII (1914), 53-155; Ann. d. Phys.,
XLIV (1914), 657.
[115] Phys. Zeitschr., XVI (1915), 10.
[116] Ann. d. Phys., XLVI (1915), 261.
[117] Phys. Zeitschr., XII (1911), 162.
[118] Ibid., XVI (1915), 316.
[119] Phys. Rev., II (1913), 138.
[120] See Phys. Rev., II (1913), 134-35.
[121] Phys. Rev., XXXII (1911), 389.
[122] See Schidlof et Karpowicz, Comptes rendus, CLVIII (1914),
1912.
[123] E. Schmid, Wien. Akad. Ber., CXXIX (1920), 813, and ZfP, V
(1921), 27.
[124] R. Bär, in a series of articles recently summarized in Die
Naturwissenschaften, Vols. XIV and XV, 1922, has emphasized this
point. His data serve merely as a new check upon the work found
in our preceding tables.
[125] “Die bei grösseren Partikeln unter gewissen Umständen bei
gleicher Art der Erzeugung häufig wiederkehrenden höheren
Quanten waren dann etwa als stabilere räumliche
Gleichgewichtsverteilungen dieser Sub-electron anzusehen, die
sich unter gewissen Umständen ergeben.”—Wien. Ber., CXXIII,
59.
[126] Their whole case is summarized in the tables in Ann. d.
Phys., XLIV (1914), 693, and XLVI (1915), 292, and it is
recommended that all interested in this discussion take the time
to glance at the data on these pages, for the data themselves are
so erratic as to render discussion needless.
[127] “Wie ich in meinen früheren Publikationen erwähnt habe,
zeigen die ultramikroskopischen Metallpartikel, unmittelbar nach
der Erzeugung beobachtet, eine viel lebhaftere Brownsche
Bewegung als nach einer halben Stunde.”—Phys. Zeitschr., XII,
98.
[128] In my own opinion this is a conclusion contrary to fact,
since in a recent paper (see Phys. Rev., July, 1923) I have fully
established the “Complete Law of Fall.”
[129] II (1913), 117.
[130] Ibid., CCC (1911), 389-90.
[131] The results shown in Fig. 13 do not lay claim to the
precision reached in those recorded in Table X and Fig. 10. No
elaborate precautions were here taken in the calibration of the
Hipp chronoscope and the voltmeter, and it is due to slight errors
discovered later in these calibrations that the slope of line 1 in
Fig. 13 is not quite in agreement with the slope in Fig. 10.
[132] Zeit. für Phys. Chem., LXXXVII (1914), 40.
[133] Inaugural Dissertation von Arne Westgren, Untersuchungcn
über Brownsche Bewegung, Stockholm, 1915.
[134] R. Bär, “Der Streit um das Elektron,” Die
Naturwissenschaften, 1922.
[135] R. A. Millikan, Phys. Rev., XXXII (1911), 397.
[136] J. J. Thomson, Phil. Mag., XI (1881), 229.
[137] Bucherer, Annalen der Physik, XXVIII (1900), 513.
[138] The inadequacy in this argument arises from the fact that
Einstein’s Theory of Relativity requires that all mass, whether of
electromagnetic origin or not, varies in just this way with speed.
[139] Bragg, Phil. Mag., VIII (1904), 719, 726; X (1905), 318; XI
(1906), 617.
[140] Phil. Mag., XXI (1911), 669.
[141] Phil. Mag., XXI (1911), 669-88.
[142] Ibid., XXV (1913), 604.
[143] Phil. Mag., XXI (1911), 648.
[144] Bragg, X-Rays and Crystal Structure, 1915.
[145] Phil. Mag., XXVI (1912), 1024; XXVII (1914), 703.
[146] Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität u. Elektronik, XIII (1916), 326.
[147] Comptes rendus, CLXV (1916), 87, 352.
[148] Barkla and Sadler, Phil. Mag., XVII (May, 1909), 749.
[149] Soddy, The Chemistry of the Radioelements, Part II, 1914.
[150] Millikan and Bowen, “Extreme Ultra-Violet Spectra,” Phys.
Rev., January, 1924.
[151] Balmer (1885) expressed the formula in wave-lengths. Ritz
(1908) first replaced wave-lengths by wave-numbers, or
frequencies, and thereby saw his “combination-principle,” while
Rydberg discovered the general significance of what is now
known as the Rydberg constant .
[152] Paschen, Ann. d. Phys., XXVII (1908), 565.
[153] Spectroscopy of the Extreme Ultraviolet, p. 78.
[154] N. Bohr, Phil. Mag., XXVI (1913), 1 and 476 and 857; XXIX
(1915), 332; XXX (1915), 394; Sommerfeld, Atomic Structure and
Spectral Lines. New York: Dutton, 1923.
[155] Einstein and De Haas, Verh, der deutsch. phys. Ges., XVII
(1915), 152; also Barnett, Phys. Rev., VI (1915), 239; also
Epstein, Science, LVII (1923), 532.
[156] R. A. Millikan, Phil. Mag., XXXIV (1917), 1.
[157] R. A. Millikan, Phys. Rev., VII (1916), 362.
[158] Blake and Duane, ibid., (1917), 624.
[159] A. Sommerfeld, Ann. d. Phys., III (1916), 1. Also Paschen,
ibid., p. 901.
[160] P. Epstein, ibid., L (1916), 489.
[161] See Phys. Rev., July, 1924.
[162] These appeared in an article by Kramers in
Naturwissenschaften, 1923.
[163] Bohr and Coster, Zeit. f. Physik, XII (1923), 344.
[164] Coster and Hevesy, Nature, III (1923), 79; Ber. d. chem.
Ges., LVI (1923), 1503.
[165] Ann. d. Phys. (4), VIII (1903), 149.
[166] Phys. Rev., I (1913), 73.
[167] Ann. d. Phys. (4), XVII (1905), 132; XX (1906), 199.
[168] Phys. Rev., VII (1916), 362.
[169] Warme Strahlung, 1st. ed.
[170] Cf. R. Pohl u. P. Pringsheim, Verh. der deutsch. phys. Ges.,
XV (1913), 637; Sommerfeld, Atombau, etc. (3d ed. 1922), p. 47;
also Phys. Rev., VII (1916), 18, 362.
[171] Phys. Rev., IV (1914), 73; VI (1915), 55; and VII (1916),
362.
[172] Phys. Rev., VI (1915), 166; Proc. Nat. Acad., II (1916), 90;
Phys. Rev., VII (1916), 599; IX, 568; X (1917), 93 and 624.
[173] D. L. Webster and H. Clark, Proc. Nat. Acad., III (1917), 18.
Also Webster, ibid., VI (1920), 26 and 639.
[174] Paper read before the Third Solvay Congress, 1921.
[175] Proc. Roy. Soc., XCIX (1921), 261. See also the same,
January, 1924.
[176] Verh. der deutsch. phys. Ges., XV and XVI, 1914.
[177] Millikan and Bowen, Phys. Rev., January, 1924.
[178] Nichols and Tear, ibid., 1923.
[179] J. J. Thomson, Electricity and Matter, p. 9.
[180] Phys. Rev., II (1913), 109.
[181] Ann. d. Phys. (4), VIII (1902), 149.
[182] Drude, Lehrbuch der Optik (1906), p. 472.
[183] Phil. Mag., XXXII (1916), 188.
[184] Radioactive Substances and Their Radiations, p. 288.
[185] Millikan, Phys. Rev., XVIII (1921), 236.
[186] Page, Amer. Jour. Sci., XXXVI (1913), 501; Hennings and
Kadesch, Phys. Rev., VIII (1916), 217.
[187] Zeitschrift für Physik, 4 (1921), 46.
[188] Zeitschrift für Physik, 10 (1922), 185.
[189] This was first called to my attention by Dr. Epstein, of the
California Institute.
[190] A. H. Compton, Phys. Rev., XXI (1923), 483, 715; XXII
(1923), 409.
[191] P. A. Ross, Proc. Nat. Acad., VII (1923), 246.
[192] Duane and Clark, ibid., February and March, 1924.
[193] Becker et al., Proc. Phys. Soc., April 26, 1924; Phys. Rev.,
June, 1924.
[194] Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., IX (1923), 158; Compton, ibid., p.
359.
[195] Ibid., 1924.
[196] Ibid.
[197] See Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., III (1917), 236; also Phil. Mag.,
July, 1917.
[198] Lamb, Hydrodynamics, 1895, p. 533.
[199] Comptes Rendus, CXLVI (1908), 530.
 INDEX OF AUTHORS
Aepinus, 12, 14

Ampere, 20, 21

Aristotle, 9

Arnold, 95 ff., 124

Avogadro, 30, 183, 261

Bacon, 8, 9

Bär, 173, 181

Balmer, 210, 283

Barkla, 196, 199

Barnett, 212

Becker, 259 f.

Begeman, 57

Blake, 214

Bodoszewski, 145, 147

Bohr, 210, 211, 213 f., 221, 223,

244, 248, 282

Boltwood, 160
Boltzmann, 81, 261

Bowen, 143, 203, 220, 248

Bragg, 139, 189, 197

Brown, 145

Bucherer, 188, 214, 274

Campbell, 27

Carbonelle, 145

Cario, 256

Clark, 246, 259

Clausius, 8

Compton, 245, 236, 257 ff., 260,

284

Coster, 221, 223

Coulomb, 32

Crookes, Sir William, 24, 41

Cunningham, 90, 163, 167

Dalton, 2

Davis, 247

De Broglie, 148 f., 130, 132, 161 f.,

198, 199, 200, 231, 246

De Haas, 212
Delsaulx, 143

Democritus, 2, 6, 8, 9, 15

Derieux, 135, 178

De Watteville, 148, 161

Drude, 251

Duane, 214, 246, 239, 260

Dufay, 11

Ehrenfest, 260

Ehrenhaft, 148, 162 f., 164, 166 ff.,

168 f., 170, 171 ff., 173 f., 180, 181

Einstein, 146, 147, 155, 175, 180,

188, 212, 237 f., 244 f., 247 f., 253
256, 268

Ellis, 246

Enright, 46

Epicurus, 6

Epstein, 212, 219, 220, 236, 260

Erikson, 38

Eyring, 136

Faraday, 12, 13, 16, 17, 19, 24,

25, 27, 28, 29, 38, 138, 237
237 f., 249
Fletcher, 129, 131 f., 153 ff., 164,
168, 169, 172

Foote, 247

Fowler, 142

Franck, 38, 39, 40, 126 f., 134,

247, 256

Franklin, Benjamin, 11 ff., 14, 13,

20, 24

Gaertner, 117

Geiger, 158, 159, 180, 193, 196,

280

Gerlach, 133 f.

Gibson, 94

Gilbert, 11

Gilchrist, 93, 94

Goucher, 247

Gouy, 145 f.

Grindley, 94

Hadamard, 88

Harrington, 94, 120

Helmholtz, 22, 23, 24

Hemsalech, 148, 161

Hertz, 17, 247

Hevesy, 225

Hogg, 94

Hughes, 245

Huygens, 233

Ishida, Y., 178

Jeans, 276

Joffé, 135

Joule, 7

Karpowicz, 171

Kelly, 136, 142

Klein, 255

Kelvin, Lord, 4, 23, 24

Konstantinowsky, 166

Kossel, 231

Kramers, 221

Ladenburg, 97, 98, 245

Lamb, 267

Langevin, 35, 134, 147, 268 f.

Laplace, 46

Laue, 197

Lavoisier, 46

Lee, J. Y., 178

Lenard, 236, 251

Leucippus, 2

Lodge, Sir Oliver, 17, 46

Loeb, 37, 38

Lorentz, 21, 274

Lucretius, 2, 6

Lunn, 89

Lyman, 204, 210, 213

McLennan, 247

Marsden, 195, 196, 280

Maxwell, Clerk-, 8, 17, 19, 20, 24

77, 242, 275

Mendeleéff, 202

Meyer, 32, 135 f.

Millikan, 57, 120, 129,

142, 150, 184, 203, 209, 214, 248,
254, 260, 261 (Fig. 36)
Mohler, 247

Moseley, 196, 198, 200, 202, 203

204 f., 216

Nernst, 27

Newton, 211, 233, 256, 282

Nichols, 248

Nordlund, 157, 181

Ostwald, 10, 157

Paschen, 204, 210

Peltier, 20, 21

Perrin, 147, 170

Pierson, 136

Planck, 117, 212, 213, 237 f., 242,

244, 253 f., 261, 284

Plato, 9

Pohl, 166, 245

Prenin, 27

Pringsheim, 245

Prout, 205, 206

Przibram, 156, 166

Pythagoras, 4