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Rule 4 - Venue of Actions
1. Actions affecting title to, possession of real property, or
interest therein - commenced and tried in proper court, with jurisdiction over area where situated (or portion hereof); forcible entry, unlawful detainer, where property situated;
2. Personal actions; commenced and tried where plaintiff, or
any of the principal plaintiffs resides, or where defendant or any of the principal defendants resides, or in case of non- resident defendants, where he may be found, at election of the plaintiff. Rule uniform for all courts. MTC now has jurisdiction over real actions defending on value. (still proper court) Action for annulment of sale of real property; for return of payment for sale of real property, for delivery of certificate of sale – are all real actions. Key; so long as action is for recovery of possession or title.
3. Defendant non-resident and not found in Philippines and
action affects personal status of plaintiff, or property of defendant in Philippines, is commenced and tried where plaintiff resides, or where property or portion thereof is situated or found.
4. Even if not raised in a motion to dismiss, may be raised as an
affirmative defense in the answer.
5. Rule not applicable when specific rule or law provides
otherwise; parties agree in writing before filing of action on exclusive venue. 6. Note “exclusive”, as in only and only in ; however may be waived,
7. Third party complaint merely ancillary; where principal