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20210624-80515 Database Management Systems (1)

removed
Bachler of computer application (Bharati Vidyapeeth University)

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Entities and Relationships 2. E-R Model 3. Relational Model 4. Normalization 5.

Creating the database 6. Querying. Students are supposed to work on these steps week
wise and finally create a complete ―Database system to Roadway Travels. Examples are
given at every experiment for guidance to students.

1: E-R Model
Analyze the problem carefully and come up with the entities in it. Identify what data has
to be persisted in the database. This contains the entities, attributes etc. Identify the
primary keys for all the entities. Identify the other keys like candidate keys, partial keys,
if any.
Example: Entities: 1. BUS 2. Ticket 3. Passenger
Relationships: 1. Reservation 2. Cancellation
PRIMARY KEY ATTRIBUTES: Ticket ID (Ticket Entity) ;Passport ID (Passenger
Entity) ; Bus_NO (Bus Entity)
Apart from the above mentioned entities you can identify more. The above mentioned are
few.
Note: The student is required to submit a document by writing the Entities andKeys to
the lab teacher.

2: Concept design with E-R Model

Relate the entities appropriately. Apply cardinalities for each relationship. Identify
strong entities and weak entities (if any). Indicate the type of relationships (total /
partial). Try to incorporate generalization, aggregation, specialization etc wherever
required.

Source
Bus

Bus
Destination
Department

Reservatio
Sex
Ticket No

Ticket Date of
Source

Departure
Age

Note: The student is required to submit a document by drawing the E-RDiagram to the
lab teacher.

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3: Relational Model
Represent all the entities (Strong, Weak) in tabular fashion. Represent relationships in a
tabular fashion. There are different ways of representing relationships as tables based on
the cardinality. Represent attributes as columns in tables or as tables based on the
requirement. Different types of attributes (Composite, Multi-valued, and Derived) have
different way of representation.
Example: E-R diagram for bus
Example: The passenger tables look as below. This is an example. You can add more
attributes based on your E-R model. This is not a normalized table.

Passenger
Name Age Sex Address Passport Id

Note: The student is required to submit a document by Represent relationshipsin a

tabular fashion to the lab teacher.

4: Normalization
Database normalization is a technique for designing relational database tables to
minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to safeguard the database against
certain types of logical or structural problems, namely data anomalies.
For example, when multiple instances of a given piece of information occur in a table,
the possibility exists that these instances will not be kept consistent when the data within
the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity.

Passportid Ticketid

A table that is sufficiently normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this kind, because
its structure reflects the basic assumptions for when multiple instances of the same
information should be represented by a single instance only.

For the above table in the First normalization we can remove the multi valued attribute.
Ticket_id and place it in another table along with the primary key of passenger.
First Normal Form: The above table can be divided into two tables as shown below.
Passenger
Name Age Sex Address Passport ID

You can do the second and third normal forms if required. Anyhow Normalized tables
are given at the end.

5: Installation of Mysql and practicing DDL commands

Installation of MySql. In this week you will learn Creating databases, How to create

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tables, altering the database, dropping tables and databases If not required. You will also
try truncate, rename commands etc.
Example for creation of a normalized “Passenger” table.
CREATE TABLE Passenger (Passport_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, Name
VARCHAR (50) Not NULL, Age Integer Not NULL, Sex Char, Address VARCHAR
(50) Not NULL);
Similarly create all other tables.
Note: Detailed creation of tables is given at the end.

6: Practicing DML commands

DML commands are used to for managing data within schema objects. Some examples:
SELECT - retrieve data from the a database INSERT - insert
data into a table
UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
Inserting values into Bus table:
Insert into Bus values (1234, ‘hyderabad‘, ‗tirupathi‘);
Insert into Bus values (2345, ‘hyderabd‘, ‘Banglore‘);
Insert into Bus values (23, ‗hyderabad‘, ‗Kolkata‘);
Insert into Bus values (45, ‗Tirupathi‘, ‗Bangalore‘);
Insert into Bus values (34, ‗hyderabad‘, ‗Chennai‘);
Inserting values into Bus table:
Insert into Passenger values (1, 45,‘ramesh‘, 45,‘M‘,‘abc123‘); Insert into Passenger
values (2, 78,‘geetha‘, 36,‘F‘,‘abc124‘); Insert into Passenger values (45, 90, ‗ram‘, 30,
‗M‘, ‗abc12‘); Insert into Passenger values (67, 89, ‗ravi‘, 50, ‗M‘, ‗abc14‘); Insert into
Passenger values (56, 22, ‗seetha‘, 32, ‗F‘, ‗abc55‘);
Few more Examples of DML commands:
Select * from Bus; (selects all the attributes and display)
UPDATE BUS SET Bus No = 1 WHERE BUS NO=2;

7: Querying
In this week you are going to practice queries (along with sub queries) using ANY, ALL,
IN, Exists, NOT EXISTS, UNION, INTERSECT, Constraints etc.
Practice the following Queries:
1. Display unique PNR_no of all passengers.
2. Display all the names of male passengers.
3. Display the ticket numbers and names of all the passengers.
4. Display the source and destination having journey time more than 10 hours.
5. Find the ticket numbers of the passengers whose name start with ‘A‘and ends
with ‘H‘.
6. Find the names of passengers whose age is between 30 and 45.
7. Display all the passengers names beginning with ‘A‘
8. Display the sorted list of passengers names

8 and 9: Querying (continued…)

You are going to practice queries using Aggregate functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG, and

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MAX and MIN), GROUP BY, HAVING and Creation and dropping of Views.

Write a Query to display the Information present in the Passenger and cancellation tables.
Hint: Use UNION Operator.

Write a Query to display different travelling options available in British Airways.

Displaythe number of days in a week on which the 9W01 bus is available.

Find number of tickets booked for each PNR_no using GROUP BY CLAUSE. Hint: Use
GROUP BY on PNR_No.

Find the distinct PNR numbers that are present.

Find the number of tickets booked in each class where the number of seats is greater than
1. Hint: Use GROUP BY, WHERE and HAVING CLAUSES.

Find the total number of cancelled seats.

10: Triggers
In this week you are going to work on Triggers. Creation of insert trigger, delete trigger,
update trigger. Practice triggers using the above database.
Eg: CREATE TRIGGER updcheck BEFORE UPDATE ON passenger FOR
EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF NEW.TickentNO > 60 THEN SET New.Tickent no
= Ticket no;
ELSE
SET New.Ticketno = 0; END IF;
END;

11: Procedures
In this session you are going to learn Creation of stored procedure, Execution of
procedure and modification of procedure. Practice procedures using the above database.
Eg:CREATE PROCEDURE myProc ()
BEGINage>=40; End;

12: Cursors
In this week you need to do the following: Declare a cursor that defines a result set.
Open the cursor to establish the result set. Fetch the data into local variables as needed
from the cursor, one row at a time. Close the cursor when done
CREATE PROCEDURE myProc (in_customer_id INT) BEGIN
DECLARE v_id INT;
DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT stdId, stdFirstname FROM students WHERE
stdId=in_customer_id;
OPEN c1;
FETCH c1 into v_id, v_name; Close c1;

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END;

Tables
BUS
Bus No: Varchar: PK (Public key) Source: Varchar Destination: Varchar

Passenger
PPNO: Varchar(15) : PK Name: Varchar(15) Age : int (4) Sex:Char(10) : Male / Female
Address: VarChar(20)

Passenger_Tickets
PPNO: Varchar(15): PK Ticker_No: Numeric(9)

Reservation
PNR_No: Numeric(9) : FK Journey_date : datetime(8) No_of_seats : int (8)
Address: Varchar (50) Contact_No: Numeric (9) -->should not be less than 9 and should
not accept any other character other than Integer Status: Char (2): Yes / No

Cancellation
PNR_No: Numeric(9) : FK Journey_date : datetime(8) No_of_seats : int (8) Address :
Varchar (50) Contact_No: Numeric (9) --> Should not be less than 9 and Should not
accept any other character other than Integer Status: Char (2) : Yes / No

Ticket
Ticket_No: Numeric (9): PK Journey_date: datetime(8) Age : int (4) Sex:Char(10) : Male
/ Female Source : Varchar Destination : Varchar Dep_time : Varchar

TEXT BOOKS
1. Rick F.Vander Lans, "Introduction to SQL", Pearson education.
2. B.Rosenzweig and E.Silvestrova,"Oracle PL/SQL", Pearson education.

REFERENCES
1. M.Mc Laughlin,"Oracle Database 11g PL/SQL Programming", TMH.
2. J.J.Patrick,"SQL Fundamentals", Pearson Education
3. Steven Feuerstein,"Oracle PL/SQL Programming", SPD.
4. Dr.P.S.Deshpande, "SQL & PL/SQL for Oracle 10g", Black Book, Dream Tech.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Design and implement a database schema for a given problem.
2. Generate queries on a database using SQL commands.
3. Declare and enforce integrity constraints on a database using a state-of-the-art
RDBMS.
4. Make use of procedures for data accessing and manipulations.

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CO- PO Mapping

(3/2/1 indicates strength of correlation) 3-Strong, 2-Medium, 1-Weak

Programme Outcomes(POs) PSOs

COs
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

CO1 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3

CO2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

CO3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3

CO4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

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Objectives:

Students will have the ability to:

• Keep abreast of current developments to continue their own
professional development.
• To engage themselves in lifelong learning of Database management
systems theories and technologies this enables them to purse
higher studies.
• To interact professionally with colleagues or clients located abroad and
the ability to overcome challenges that arises from geographic distance,
cultural differences, and multiple languages in the context of computing.
• Develop team spirit, effective work habits, and professional attitude in
written and oral forms, towards the development of database
applications

Outcomes:

Students will be able to demonstrate their skills

• In drawing the ER, EER, and UML Diagrams.
• In analyzing the business requirements and producing a viable model
for the implementation of the database.
• In converting the entity-relationship diagrams into relational tables.
• To develop appropriate Databases to a given problem that
integrates ethical, social, legal, and economic concerns.

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INDEX

S. No Topic Page no

1 Introduction SQL-SQL*Plus 1

2 Road way travels E-R Diagrams 7

3 Various Data Types 12

4 Tables 14

5 My SQL Installation 16

6 DDL and DML Commands with Examples 24

7 Key Constrains-Normalization 32

8 Aggregate functions 52

9 Joins 78

10 Views 82

11 Index 87

12 PL/ SQL 90

13 Exception handling 98

14 Triggers 101

15 Cursors 104

16 Subprograms-procedure PL/ SQL 109

17 Functions of PL/ SQL 114

18 Extra-programs 121

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INTRODUCTION

Database Management System

This model is like a hierarchical tree structure, used to construct a hierarchy of records in
the form of nodes and branches. The data elements present in the structure have Parent-Child
relationship. Closely related information in the parent-child structure is stored together as a logical
unit. A parent unit may have many child units, but a child is restricted to have only one parent.
The drawbacks of this model are:
The hierarchical structure is not flexible to represent all the relationship proportions,

which occur in the real world.

It cannot demonstrate the overall data model for the enterprise because of the non-
availability of actual data at the time of designing the data model.

It cannot represent the Many-to-Many relationship.

Network Model

It supports the One-To-One and One-To-Many types only. The basic objects in this model are
Data Items, Data Aggregates, Records and Sets.

It is an improvement on the Hierarchical Model. Here multiple parent-child relationships are

used. Rapid and easy access to data is possible in this model due to multiple access paths to the
data elements.

Relational Model

Does not maintain physical connection between relations

Data is organized in terms of rows and columns in a table

The position of a row and/or column in a table is of no importance

The intersection of a row and column must give a single value

Features of an RDBMS
The ability to create multiple relations and enter data into them
An attractive query language

Retrieval of information stored in more than one table

An RDBMS product has to satisfy at least Seven of the 12 rules of Codd to be accepted
as a full- fledged RDBMS.

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Relational Database Management System

RDBMS is acronym for Relation Database Management System. Dr. E. F. Codd first
introduced the Relational Database Model in 1970. The Relational model allows data to be
represented in a simple row- column. Each data field is considered as a column and each record is
considered as a row. Relational Database is more or less similar to Database Management S ystem.
In relational model there is relation between their data elements. Data is stored in tables. Tables
have columns, rows and names. Tables can be related to each other if each has a column with a
common type of information. The most famous RDBMS packages are Oracle, Sybase and
Informix.

Simple example of Relational model is as follows :

Student Details Table

Roll_no Sname S_Address

1 Rahul Satelite
2 Sachin Ambawadi
3 Saurav Naranpura

Student Marksheet Table

Rollno Sub1 Sub2 Sub3

1 78 89 94
2 54 65 77
3 23 78 46

Here, both tables are based on students details. Common field in both tables is Rollno. So we
can say both tables are related with each other through Rollno column.

Degree of Relationship
One to One (1:1)

One to Many or Many to One (1:M / M: 1)

Many to Many (M: M)

The Degree of Relationship indicates the link between two entities for a specified
occurrence of each.

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One to One Relationship: (1:1)

Student Has Roll No.

One student has only one Rollno. For one occurrence of the first entity, there can be, at the most
one related occurrence of the second entity, and vice-versa.

One to Many or Many to One Relationship: (1:M/M: 1)

Course Contains Students

As per the Institutions Norm, One student can enroll in one course at a time however, in one
course, there can be more than one student.

For one occurrence of the first entity there can exist many related occurrences of the second
entity and for every occurrence of the second entity there exists only one associated occurrence
of the first.

Many to Many Relationship: (M:M)

Students Appears Tests

The major disadvantage of the relational model is that a clear-cut interface cannot be determined.
Reusability of a structure is not possible. The Relational Database now accepted model on which
major database system are built.

Oracle has introduced added functionality to this by incorporated object-oriented capabilities.

Now it is known is as Object Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS). Object-
oriented concept is added in Oracle8.

Some basic rules have to be followed for a DBMS to be relational. They are known as Codd’s
rules, designed in such a way that when the database is ready for use it encapsulates the
relational theory to its full potential. These twelve rules are as follows.

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E. F. Codd Rules
1. The Information Rule
All information must be store in table as data values.
2. The Rule of Guaranteed Access
Every item in a table must be logically addressable with the help of a table name.

3. The Systematic Treatment of Null Values

The RDBMS must be taken care of null values to represent missing or
inapplicable information.

4. The Database Description Rule

A description of database is maintained using the same logical structures with

which data was defined by the RDBMS.

5. Comprehensive Data Sub Language

According to the rule the system must support data definition, view definition, data
manipulation, integrity constraints, authorization and transaction management
operations.

6. The View Updating Rule

All views that are theoretically updatable are also updatable by the system.

7. The Insert and Update Rule

This rule indicates that all the data manipulation commands must be
operational on sets of rows having a relation rather than on a single row.

8. The Physical Independence Rule

Application programs must remain unimpaired when any changes are made in
storage representation or access methods.

9. The Logical Data Independence Rule

The changes that are made should not affect the user’s ability to work with
the data.The change can be splitting table into many more tables.

10. The Integrity Independence Rule

The integrity constraints should store in the system catalog or in the database.
11. The Distribution Rule
The system must be access or manipulate the data that is distributed in other systems.

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12. The Non-subversion Rule

If a RDBMS supports a lower level language then it should not
bypass any integrity constraints defined in the higher level.

Object Relational Database Management System

Oracle8 and later versions are supported object-oriented concepts. A structure once created can be
reused is the fundamental of the OOP’s concept. So we can say Oracle8 is supported Object
Relational model, Object - oriented model both. Oracle products are based on a concept known as
a client-server technology. This concept involves segregating the processing of an application
between two systems. One performs all activities related to the database (server) and the other
performs activities that help the user to interact with the application (client). A client or front-end
database application also interacts with the database by requesting and receiving information from
database server. It acts as an interface between the user and the database.

The database server or back end is used to manage the database tables and also respond to
client requests.

Introduction to ORACLE

ORACLE is a powerful RDBMS product that provides efficient and effective solutions for
major database features. This includes:

Large databases and space management control

Many concurrent database users

High transaction processing performance

High availability

Controlled availability

Industry accepted standards

Manageable security

Database enforced integrity

Client/Server environment

Distributed database systems

Portability

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Compatibility
Connectivity

An ORACLE database system can easily take advantage of distributed processing by using its

Client/ Server architecture. In this architecture, the database system is divided into two parts:

A front-end or a client portion

The client executes the database application that accesses database information and interacts with
the user.

A back-end or a server portion

The server executes the ORACLE software and handles the functions required for
concurrent, shared data access to ORACLE database.

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ROADWAY TRAVELS

“Roadway Travels” is in business since 1977 with several buses connecting different places
in India. Its main office is located in Hyderabad.

The company wants to computerize its operations in the following areas:

Reservations
Ticketing

Cancellations

Reservations :

Reservations are directly handeled by booking office.reservations can be made 60

days in advance in either cash or credit. In case the ticket is not available,a wait listed ticket is
issued to the customer. This ticket is confirmed against the cancellation.

Cancellation and modification:

Cancellations are also directly handed at the booking office. Cancellation charges
will be charged.
Wait listed tickets that do not get confirmed are fully refunded.

7
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AIM: Analyze the problem and come with the entities in it. Identify what Data has to be
persisted in the databases.
The Following are the entities:

1 .Bus
2. Reservation
3. Ticket
4. Passenger
5. Cancellation

The attributes in the Entities:

Bus:( Entity)
Destination
Source
Couch Type
Bus No

Bus

Reservation (Entity)

Contact No Bus No

No-of-Seats
Journey date
Address

PNR NO

Reservation

Ticket :(Entity)
Dep- Time
Source
Age

Sex
Journey date
Destination

Ticket No
Bus No
Ticket

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Passenger:

Contact NO
Age

Sex
PNR NO
Name

Ticket No

Passenger

Cancellation (Entity)

Seat No
Journey date

Contact No
PNR NO

Cancellation

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Concept design with E-R Model:

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What is SQL and SQL*Plus

Oracle was the first company to release a product that used the English-based Structured Query
Language or SQL. This language allows end users to manipulate information of table(primary
database object). To use SQL you need not to require any programming experience. SQL is a
standard language common to all relational databases. SQL is database language used for storing
and retrieving data from the database. Most Relational Database Management Systems provide
extension to SQL to make it easier for application developer. A table is a primary object of
database used to store data. It stores data in form of rows and columns.

SQL*Plus is an Oracle tool (specific program ) which accepts SQL commands and PL/SQL
blocks and executes them. SQL *Plus enables manipulations of SQL commands and PL/SQL
blocks. It also performs additional tasks such as calculations, store and print query results in the
form of reports, list column definitions of any table, access and copy data between SQL
databases and send messages to and accept responses from the user. SQL *Plus is a character
based interactive tool, that runs in a GUI environment. It is loaded on the client machine. To
communicate with Oracle, SQL supports the following categories of commands:

1. Data Definition Language

Create, Alter, Drop and Truncate

2. Data Manipulation Language

Insert, Update, Delete and Select

3. Transaction Control Language

Commit, Rollback and Save point

4. Data Control Language

Grant and Revoke

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Before we take a look on above-mentioned commands we will see the data types available in
Oracle.
Oracle Internal Data types

When you create a table in Oracle, a few items should be important, not only do you have to give
each table a name(e.g. employee, customer), you must also list all the columns or fields (e.g.
First_name, Mname, Last_name) associated with the table. You also have to specify what type of
information thattable will hold to the database. For example, the column Empno holds numeric
information. An Oracle database can hold many different types of data.

Data type Description

Char(Size) Stores fixed-length character data to store alphanumeric values, with a

maximum size of 2000 bytes. Default and minimum size is 1 byte.

Varchar2(Size) Stores variable-length character data to store alphanumeric values, with

maximum size of 4000 bytes.

char(Size) Stores fixed-length character data of length size characters or bytes, depending
on the choice of national character set. Maximum size if determined by the number of bytes
required storing each character with an upper limit of 2000 bytes. Default and minimum size is 1
character or 1 byte, depending on the character set.

Nvarchar2(Size) Stores variable-length character string having maximum length

size characters or bytes, depending on the choice of national character set. Maximum
size is determined by the number of bytes required to store each character, with an
upper limit of 4000 bytes.

Long Stores variable-length character data up to 2GB(Gigabytes). Its lenth

would be restricted based on memory space available in the computer.

Number [p,s] Number having precision p and scale s. The precision p indicates total
number of digit varies from 1 to 38. The scale s indicates number of digit in fraction
part varies from -84 to 127.

Date Stores dates from January 1, 4712 B.C. to December 31, 4712 A.D. Oracle
predefine format of Date data type is DD-MON-YYYY.

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Raw (Size) Stores binary data of length size. Maximum size is 2000 bytes. One must
have to specify size with RAW type data, because by default it does not specify any size.
Long Raw Store binary data of variable length up to 2GB(Gigabytes). LOBS -
LARGE OBJECTS

LOB is use to store unstructured information such as sound and video clips, pictures upto 4 GB
size.

CLOB A Character Large Object containing fixed-width multi-byte characters.

Varying-
width character sets are not supported. Maximum size is 4GB.

NCLOB A National Character Large Object containing fixed-width multi-byte characters.

Varying-width character sets are not supported. Maximum size is 4GB. Stores
national character set data.

BLOB To store a Binary Large Object such a graphics, video clips and sound files.
Maximum size is 4GB.

BFILE Contains a locator to a large Binary File stored outside the database. Enables

byte stream I/O access to external LOBs residing on the database server. Maximum

size is 4GB.Apart from oracle internal data types, user can create their own data type,
which is used in database and other database object. We will discuss it in the later part.

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The following are tabular representation of the above entities and relationships

BUS:
COLOUMN NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINT

Bus No varchar2(10) Primary Key

Source varchar2(20)

Destination varchar2(20)

Couch Type varchar2(20)

Reservation:
COLOUMN NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINT

PNRNo number(9) Primary Key

Journey date Date

No-of-seats integer(8)

Address varchar2(50)

Contact No Number(9) Should be equal to 10

numbers and not allow
other than numeric
BusNo varchar2(10) Foreign key
Seat no Number

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Ticket:
COLOUMN NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINT

Ticket_No number(9) Primary Key

Journey date Date
Age int(4)
Sex Char(10)
Source varchar2(10)
Destination varchar2(10)
Dep-time varchar2(10)
Bus No Number2(10)

Passenger:
COLOUMN NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINT

PNR No Number(9) Primary Key

Ticket No Number(9) Foreign key

Name varchar2(15)
Age integer(4)
Sex char(10) (Male/Female)
Contact no Number(9) Should be equal to 10 numbers
and not allow other than
numeric

Cancellation:
COLOUMN NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINT

PNR No Number(9) Foriegn-key

Journey-date Date

Seat no Integer(9)
Contact_No Number(9) Should be equal to 10 numbers
and not allow other than
numeric

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AIM: Installation of MySQL and practicing DDL & DML commands.

1. Steps for installing MySQL

Step1 1
Make sure you already downloaded the MySQL essential 5.0.45 win32.msi file. Double
click on the .msi file.

Step2 2
This is MySQL Server 5.0 setup wizard. The setup wizard will install MySQL Server 5.0
release 5.0.45 on your computer. To continue, click next.

Step3 3
Choose the setup type that best suits your needs. For common program features select Typical
and it’s recommended for general use. To continue, click next.

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Step4 4

This wizard is ready to begin installation. Destination folder will be in C:\Program

Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\. To continue, click next.

Step5 5
The program features you selected are being installed. Please wait while the setup wizard
installs MySQL 5.0. This may take several minutes.

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the wizard.

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2. Practicing DDL & DML Commands

Data Definition Language

The data definition language is used to create an object, alter the structure of an object and also
drop already created object. The Data Definition Languages used for table definition can be
classified into following:

• Create table command

• Alter table command
• Truncate table command
• Drop table command

Creating of Tables on ROAD WAY TRAVELS:

Table is a primary object of database, used to store data in form of rows and columns.
It is created using following command:

Create Table <table_name> (column1 datatype(size), column2 datatype(size),column(n)

datatype(size));

Example:
SQL> create table Bus(Bus_No varchar(5), source varchar(20),
destination varchar(20),CouchType varchar2(10),fair number);
Table Created.
create table for the object-relation feature we will discuss it afterwards.

Desc command
Describe command is external command of Oracle. The describe command is used to view the

structure of a table as follows.

Desc <table name>
SQL> desc bus;
Name Null? Type
---------------------------------------- ----------- ----------------------------
- NOT NULL INTEGER2(5)
BUS_NO VARCHAR2(20)
SOURCE VARCHAR2(20)
DESTINATION VARCHAR2(10)
COUCH TYPE

FAIR NUMBER

SQL> Describe the university database

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Test Outputs:

Signature of the lab In charge

Date:

Extra:1.Create a table Universities DB

Reservation Table:

SQL> create table Reservation(PNR_NO Numeric(9), No_of_seats Number(8), Address

varchar(50), Contact_No Numeric(9), Status char(3)); Table created.

SQL> desc Reservation

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
PNR_NO NUMBER(9)
NO_OF_SEATS NUMBER(8)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(50)
CONTACT_NO NUMBER(9)
STATUS CHAR(3)

Test Output:

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Signature of the lab incharge

Date:
Exercise: Projects have a project number, a sponsor name (e.g., NSF), a starting date,
an ending date, and a budge

Cancellation Table:

SQL> create table Cancellation(PNR_NO Numeric(9), No_of_seats Number(8),

Address varchar(50), Contact_No Numeric(9), Status char(3));
Table created.
SQL> desc Cancellation
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
PNR_NO NUMBER(9)
NO_OF_SEATS NUMBER(8)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(50)
CONTACT_NO NUMBER(9)
STATUS CHAR(3)

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Test Output:

Signature of the lab incharge

Date:
Exercise: Graduate students have an SSN, a name, an age, and a degree
program (e.g., M.S. or Ph.D.)

Assignment Evaluation

Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Ticket Table:

SQL> create table Ticket(Ticket_No Numeric(9) primary key, age number(4), sex char(4)
Not null, source varchar(2), destination varchar(20), dep_time varchar(4));
Table created.
SQL> desc Ticket
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
TICKET_NO NOT NULL NUMBER(9)
AGE NUMBER(4)
SEX NOT NULL CHAR(4)
SOURCE VARCHAR2(2)
DESTINATION VARCHAR2(20)
DEP_TIME VARCHAR2(4)

Test Output:

Signature of the lab incharge

Date:

Exercise: Each project is managed

as the project’s principal inves-

tigator).
\

Alteration of Table

Addition of Column(s)
Addition of column in table is done using:

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Alter table <table_name> add(column1 datatype, column2 datatype _);

SQL> ALTER TABLE Passenger ADD FOREIGN KEY (PNR_NO)
REFERENCES Reservation(PNR_NO);
Table altered.

SQL> ALTER TABLE Cancellation ADD FOREIGN KEY (PNR_NO) REFERENCES

Reservation(PNR_NO);
Table altered.
Test output:

Signature of lab incharge

Date:

SQL> alter table Ticket modify tiketnonumber(10);

Table altered.
Test ouput:

Signature of lab incharge

Date:

Deletion of Column

Alter table <table_name> drop column <column name>;

SQL>Alter Table Emp_master drop column comm;

Test output:

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Signature of the lab incharge

Date:

Alter table <table_name> set unused column <column name>;

For Example,
SQL>Alter Table Emp_master set unused column comm;
Test output:

Signature of the lab incharge

Date:
Alter table <table_name> drop unused columns;

Test output:

Signature of the lab incharge

Date:
Alter table <table_name> drop (Column1, Column2, _);
Test output:

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Signature of the lab incharge

Date:
Modification in Column

Modify option is used with Alter table_ when you want to modify any existing column.

Alter table <table name> modify (column1 datatype, _);

SQL> Alter table emp_master modify salary number(9,2);

Table altered.
Test output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Truncate Table

Truncate table <table name> [Reuse Storage];

Example

SQL>Truncate Table Emp_master;

SQL>Truncate Table Emp_master Reuse Storage;

Table truncated.
Test output:

Signature of lab incharge

Date:

AIM: Applying Constraints on Road Way Travels Tables.

Constraints

Domain Integrit y constraints

Entity Integrity constraints
Referential Integrity constraint

Oracle allows programmers to define constraints

Column Level
Table Level
Example
SQL> create table Ticket ( Ticket_No Numeric(9) , age number(4), sex char(4) Not
null, source varchar(2), destination varchar(20), dep_time varchar(4));
Table created.

Test Output:

Signature of the Incharge

Date:

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Exercise: Create table professor by using not null constaint

Check Constraint

SQL> create table Reservation(PNR_NO Numeric(9), No_of_seats Number(8), Address

varchar(50), Contact_No Numeric(10) constraint ck check(length(contact_no)=10), Status
char(3));
Table created.
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

Exercise: Create table manage by using check constraints

Check constraint with alter command
SQL> alter table Ticket add constraint check_age check(age>18);
Table altered.

Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Entity Integrity Constraints

This type of constraints are further classified into
Unique Constraint
Primary Key Constraint

Unique Constraint
Example:
SQL> create table Ticket(Ticket_No Numeric(9) unique, age number(4), sex char(4) l,
source varchar(2), destination varchar(20), dep_time varchar(4));

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

Exercise: Create table Professor by using unique

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Referential Integrity Constraint

References constraint defined at column level

Example:
SQL> create table Passenger(PNR_NO Numeric(9) references reservation , Ticket_NO
Numeric(9) references ticket, Name varchar(20), Age Number(4), Sex char(10), PPNO
varchar(15));
Table created.
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

Exercise: Apply References constraint University Database Department table.

Foreign Key Constraint with alter command

SQL> alter table reservation add constraint fk_icode foreign key (busno) references
bus(bus_no);

Table altered.
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

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Exercise:Apply Foregin Key Constriant with alter on professor SSN with Department No
Remember that when we add constraint at table level foreign key keyword is must.

SQL> delete from bus where bus_no = 2011;

Test output:

Signature of the lab incharge

Date:

a) Insert command

Insert into <table name> values(a list of data values);

Insert into <table name>(column list) values(a list of data);

SQL> insert into emp_master (empno,ename,salary) values

(1122,‘Smith’,8000); 1 row created.

Adding values in a table using Variable method.

SQL> insert into Passenger values(&PNR_NO,&TICKET_NO, '&Name', &Age,
'&Sex', '&PPNO');
Enter value for pnr_no: 1
Enter value for ticket_no: 1
Enter value for name: SACHIN
Enter value for age: 12
Enter value for sex: m
Enter value for ppno: sd1234
old 1: insert into Passenger values(&PNR_NO,&TICKET_NO, '&Name', &Age, '&Sex',
'&PPNO')
new 1: insert into Passenger values(1,1,'SACHIN',12,'m','sd1234')

1 row created.
SQL> /

SQL>/

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SQl>/

SQL>/

SQL> insert into Bus values('&Bus_No','&source','&destination');

Enter value for bus_no: 1
Enter value for source: hyd
Enter value for destination: ban
old 1: insert into Bus values('&Bus_No','&source','&destination')
new 1: insert into Bus values('1','hyd','ban')
1 row created.
SQL> /

SQL> /

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SQL> /

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

SQL> select distinct deptno from emp_master;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Exercise: Display the all column of University Database of project table by using distinct clause.
Select command with where clause:
Select <column(s)> from <table name> where [condition(s)];
Example

SQL> select empno, ename from emp_master where hiredate = ‘1-jan- 00’;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

SQL> update Passenger set age='43' where PNR_NO='2';

Test Output:

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Signature of the incharge

Date:

SQL>Select*from passenger;
Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

Syntax

Rename <OldName> To <NewName>;

Example:

SQL> Rename emp_master_copy1 To emp_master1;

Table Renamed.
Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

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Signature of the instructor Date:

Aim: Practice queries using ANY, ALL, IN, EXISTS, UNION, INTERSECT
Union: The union operator returns all distinct rows selected by two or more queries.

SQL> select order_no from order_master;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
SQL> select order_no from order_detail;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

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Example:

SQL>select order_no from order_master union select order_no from

order_detail;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Union All :
Example:

SQL> select order_no from order_master union all select order_no from
order_detail.
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Intersect :
Example:
SQL> select order_no from order_master intersect select
order_no from order_detail;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

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Minus :
Example:
SQL> select order_no from order_master minus select order_no from order_detail;
Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

8. Display the sorted list of Passenger Names

SQL> select Name from Passenger ORDER BY Name;

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Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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AIM: Practice Queries using Aggregate functions, Group By, Having Clause and Order
Clause.

1) Avg (Average): This function will return the average of values of the column specified in
the argument of the column.

Example:
SQL> select avg(comm) from emp_master;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

2) Min (Minimum):
Example:

SQL>Select min(salary) from emp_master;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

3) Max (Maximum):

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Example:
SQL>select max(salary) from emp_master;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
4) Sum:
Example:

SQL>Select sum(comm) from emp_master;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

5) Count: Syntax:
Count(*) Count(column
name) Count(distinct
column name
Example:

SQL>Select count(*) from emp_master;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Example:
SQL> select count(comm) from emp_master;
Test Output:

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Signature of the incharge

Date:
.
Example:
SQL>Select count(distinct deptno) from emp_master;
Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Group By Clause
Example:
SQL>select deptno,count(*) from emp_master group by deptno;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

Having Clause
Example
SQL> select deptno,count(*) from emp_master group by deptno having Deptno is not null;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Order By Clause
Select<column(s)>from<Table Name>where[condition(s)][order by<column name>[asc /]
desc ];

Example:
SQL> select empno,ename,salary from emp_master order by salary;
Test Output:

SQL> Select 12*(salary+comm) annual_netsal from emp_master;

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Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Comparison Operators:
Example:
SQL> select * from emp_master where salary between 5000 and 8000;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

IN Operator:

SQL>Select * from emp_master where deptno in(10,30);

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

Date:

OR Operator:

SQL>select * from emp_master where salary > 5000 or comm < 750;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
NOT Operator:
SQL>select*from emp_master where not salary=10000;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

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The Oracle Table Dual”

SQL> select 2*2 from dual;
Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Single Row Functions (Scalar Functions):

String Functions:

1) Initcap (Initial Capital): This String function is used to capitalize first character of the
input string.

Syntax: initcap(string)

Example:

SQL> select initcap(‘azure’) from dual;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

2) Lower: This String function will convert input string in to lower case.

Syntax: Lower(string)

Example:
SQL> select lower(‘AZURE’) from dual;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
3) Upper: This string function will convert input string in to upper case.

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Syntax:Upper(string)

Example:
SQL> select upper(‘azure’) from dual;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

4) Ltrim (Left Trim):

Syntax: Ltrim(string,set)

Example:
SQL>select ltrim(‘azuretech’,’azure’) from dual;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
5) Rtrim (Right Trim):
Syntax: Rtrim(string,set)

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Example:
SQL>select rtrim(‘azuretrim’,’trim’) from dual;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

6) Translate:

Syntax: Translate(string1, string2, string3)

Example:
SQL>select translate(‘abcde’,’xaybzcxdye’,’tanzmulrye’) from dual;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
7) Replace:
Syntax:Replace(string, searchstring, replacestring)

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Example:
SQL> select replace(‘jack and jue’,’j’,’bl’) from dual;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

8) Substr:

Syntax: Substr (string, starts [, count])

Example:
SQL>select substr (‘azuretechnology’,4,6) from dual;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

9) Chr:
Syntax: Chr(number)

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Example:

SQL>select chr(65) from

dual;
Test Output:

Date:
12) Length:
Syntax:Length(string)
Example:

SQL>select length(‘auzre’) from dual;

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Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

13) Decode:
Syntax: Select decode(column name,if,then,if,then_ ..) from <tablename>;
Example:
SQL> select deptno,decode(deptno,10, ‘Sales’, 20, ‘Purchase’, ‘Account’)
DNAME from emp_master;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

14) Concatenation ( || ) Operator:

Syntax: Concat(string1,string2)
SQL> select concat(‘Azure’,’ Technology’) from dual;

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Signature of the incharge

Date:

SQL>Select sign(45) from dual;

Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Date Function:
1) Add_Months:
Syntax: Add_Months(Date,no.of Months)

Example:
SQL> select Add_Months(sysdate,2) from dual;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

2) Last_day:
Syntax: Last_day(Date)
Example:
SQL> select sysdate, last_day(sysdate) from dual;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

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3) Months_Between:
Syntax: Months_Between(Date1,Date2)

Example:

SQL>select months_between(sysdate,’02-AUG-01’) onths_ from dual;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

4) Next_Day:.

Syntax: Next_Day(Date,Day)

Example:

SQL>select next_day(sydate, ‘sunday’) ext_ from dual;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

5) Round:
Syntax: Round (Date, [fmt])
Example:
SQL>Select round(‘4-sep-01’,’day’) ounded_ from dual;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

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6) Trunc (Truncate):

Syntax: Trunc(Date,[fmt])
Example:
SQL>Select Trunc(‘4-sep-01’,’day’) runcated_ from dual;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

Conversion Functions:

To_Number(
) To_Char()
To_Date()

To_Number:
Example:
SQL>Select to_number(‘50’) from dual;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
2) To_Char:

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Syntax: To_char(no,[fmt])
Example:
SQL> select to_char(17145,’$099,999’) har_ from dual;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

Syntax: To_char(Date,[fmt])
Example:
SQL>select to_char(hiredate, ‘month dd yyyy’) ireDate_ from emp_master
where salary = 10000;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

3) To_Date:

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Syntax: To_date(char,[fmt])
Example:
SQL>select to_date(’27 January 2000’,’dd/mon/yy’) ate_ from dual;

Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Downloaded by Kelvin Munene ([email protected])

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Date:

5. Find the total number of cancelled seats.

SQL> select sum(No_of_seats) from Cancellation;
Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Downloaded by Kelvin Munene ([email protected])

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Signature of the incharge

Date:
Example:

SQL> select * from order_master where order_no = (select order_no from order_detail);
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Example:

SQL>Select * from order_master where order_no = any(select order_no from order_detail);

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

SQL> select * from order_master where order_no in(select order_no from order_detail);
Test Output:
80

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Signature of the incharge

Date:
Example:
SQL> select * from order_detail where qty_ord =all(select qty_hand from itemfile where

itemrate =250);
Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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AIM : Implement Views:

Views
Syntax:Create View <View_Name> As Select statement;
Example:
SQL>Create View EmpView As Select * from Employee;
View created.
Syntax:Select columnname,columnname from <View_Name>;
Example:

SQL>Select Empno,Ename,Salary from EmpView where Deptno in(10,30);

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Updatable Views:
Syntax for creating an Updatable View:
Create View Emp_vw As
Select Empno,Ename,Deptno from Employee;
View created.

SQL>Insert into Emp_vw values(1126,’Brijesh’,20);

SQL>Update Emp_vw set Deptno=30 where Empno=1125;
1 row updated.

SQL>Delete from Emp_vw where Empno=1122;

View defined from Multiple tables (Which have no Referencing clause):

For insert/modify:
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

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For delete:
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

View defined from Multiple tables (Which have been created with a Referencing
clause):
Syntax for creating a Master/Detail View (Join View):
SQL>Create View EmpDept_Vw As

Select a.Empno,a.Ename,a.Salary,a.Deptno,b.Dname From Employee a,DeptDet b

Where a.Deptno=b.Deptno;

lOMoARcPSD|7444512

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

SQL> create view v1 as select * from Passenger full natural join Reservation; View
created.
a) INSERT

SQL> insert into male_pass values(&PNR_NO,&age);

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
b) DROP VIEW

SQL> drop view male_pass;

Test Output:

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Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

AIM : Implement Indexes:

An index is an ordered list of the contents of a column, (or a group of columns) of a

table.
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Example:
Select order_no,order_date,client_no From Sales_order Where client_no=’C00001’;

Client_no ROWID

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Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Index:

Syntax: Create Index <Index Name> On <Table

Name>(ColumnName); Example:
SQL>Create Index idx_client_no On Client_master (Client_no) ;

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Creating Composite Index:
Syntax: Create Index <Index Name> On <Table
Name>(ColumnName, ColumnName); Example:
SQL>Create Index idx_sales_order On Sales_order (Order_no,product_no) ;
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Creation of Unique Index:
Syntax: Create Unique Index <Index Name> On <Table Name> (Column Name);
Syntax: Create Unique Index <Index Name> On <Table Name> (ColumnName,ColumnName);
Example:
SQL>Create Unique Index idx_client_no On Client_master (Client_no);
Test Output:
88

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Signature of the incharge

Date:
Dropping Indexes:
Syntax: Drop Index <Index Name>;
Example:
SQL>Drop Index idx_client_no;
Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Aim : Implementing Operations on relations using PL / SQL.

PL/SQL Block

declare
<declaration of variables, constants, function, procedure,

cursor etc.>;

begin
<executable statement(s)>;
exception
<exception handling>;

end;
/

Example
Begin
Insert into emp(empno,ename) values(100,’Shruti’);
Insert into emp(empno,ename) values(101,’Yesha’);

End;

/
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
SQL>Set Serveroutput On

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Example
Write a pl/sql program welcome

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Example
Insert value into dept table using pl/sql
Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Example
Write a pl/sql program To get the area of the circle provided the radius is given.

Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Example

Write a pl/sql program To get the name and salary of specified employee.
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

Example

Write a pl/sql program To get the name and salary of specified employee using %type attribute.
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

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Example

Write a pl/sql program To get the name and salary of specified employee
using %type attribute
Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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PL/SQL Control Structures

Example

Write a pl/sql program Accept Number from a User and display Hello message if the entered
number is Positive.
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Example

Write a pl/sql program to Display Salary of a specified employee increasing by 500 if its salary

is more than 3000.

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Example
95

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Write a pl/sql program to Accept number from a user and find out whether it is Odd or Even.

Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:
Example

Write a PL/SQL Block to display the salary of that employee whose age is 45 year otherwise dis-

play appropriate message using exception handling. Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

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Example
Write a PL/SQL Block to insert add one row in employee table with employee number and
name.Display appropriate message using exception handling on duplication entry of employee
number.
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

100

update or delete on dept for each row Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

Examples:
Create of insert trigger, delete trigger and update trigger.
Test Output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

SQL> @trigger
Trigger created.

SQL> select * from Bus;

Test Output:

102

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Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

103

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Signature of the instructor Date:

106

Signature of the incharge

Date

SQL > execute/exec procedure_name(parameter list)

SQL> Exec example1(7)

Test Output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Date:

Example

Create a procedure, which will accept Deptno and Display no of employee under different
grade.

Test output:

113

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AIM : Implement Functions of PL/SQL.

Signature of the incharge

Date:

SQL>exec empcount(30);
Test output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

114

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Signature of the incharge

Date:

Example

Write a Function to find out Total salary for the passed department Name.
Test output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

Example
Write a function to check whether passed number is Odd or Even.
Test output:

117

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Signature of the incharge

Date:

118

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Example
Write a Function to find out total annual income for the employee, who’s number we passed.

Test output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

SQL> select ann_income(1010) from dual;

Test output:

Signature of the incharge

Date:

119

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Example

Create a function, which receives three arguments, first two as a number and third as a

arithmetic.

Test output:

Assignment Evaluation Signature

0: Not Done 1: Incomplete 2: Late complete

3: Needs improvement 4: Complete 5: Well Done

Signature of the instructor Date:

120

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Additional Experiments:

1. Create relations for the following schemas and write queries for retrieving
data. Student(sid,sname,address)
Course(cid,cname,fee)

Enrolled(cid,sid,doj)

2. Apply key constraints & participation constraints for the

following relations. emp(eid,ename,sal)
dept(did,dname,location)

manages(did,eid,day)

3. Create relations for the following schemas and write quaries for
retrieving. Professor ( SSN,Nmae,Age,Rank)

Projects (project no,Sponsor Name,starting date,ending

date,budget) Graduate (SSN,Name,Age,Degree)

4. Create relations for the following schemas and write queries for retrieving
data. and apply key constraints

5. Create relations for the following schemas and write queries for
retrieving data. and apply key constraints

Sailors
(sid,sname,rating,age)
Boats( bid,bname,color)
Reserves(sid,bid,day)

6. Create relations for the following schemas and write queries for retrieving
data. and apply key constraints
Flights(flno,from,to,distance,departs,arrives)
Aircraft(aid,anme,cruisingrange)
Certified(eid,aid)
Employees(eid,enmae,salary)

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JAVA PROGRAMMING

LABORATORY MANUAL

B.TECH
(II YEAR – II SEM)
(2016-17)

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)
Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956
Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade -
ISO 9001:2015 Certified) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Hakimpet), Secunderabad –
500100, Telangana State, India

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Objectives:

• To prepare students to become familiar with the Standard Java

technologies of J2SE
• To prepare students to excel in Object Oriented programming and
to succeed as a Java Developer through global rigorous education.
• To provide Students with a solid foundation in OOP fundamentals
required to solve programming problems and also to learn Advanced
Java topics like J2ME, J2EE, JSP, JavaScript
• To train Students with good OOP programming breadth so as to
comprehend, analyze, design and create novel products and solutions
for the real life problems.
• To inculcate in students professional and ethical attitude,
multidisciplinary approach and an ability to relate java programming
issues to broader application context.
• To provide student with an academic environment aware of
excellence, written ethical codes and guidelines and lifelong learning
needed for a successful professional career.

Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
• Able to analyze the necessity for Object Oriented Programming
paradigm and over structured programming and become familiar with
the fundamental concepts in OOP.
• Demonstrate an ability to design and develop java programs, analyze,
and interpret object oriented data and report results.
• Demonstrate an ability to design an object oriented system,
AWT components or multithreaded process as per needs and
specifications.
• Demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and
multidisciplinary tasks like console and windows applications both for
standalone and Applets programs

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INDEX

Page
S.No List of programs
no
Write a java program to find the Fibonacci series using recursive and non
1. 1
recursive functions
2. Write a java program to multiply two given matrices. 3
Write a java program that reads a line of integers and displays each integers and
3. 5
the sum of all integers use String Tokenizer
4. Write a java program that checks whether a given string is palindrome or not 6
A) Write an applet program that displays a simple message 7
5.
B)Write a Java program compute factorial value using Applet 8

Write a java program that works as a simple calculator. Use a Grid Layout to
6. arrange Buttons for digits and for the + - * % operations. Add a text field to 11
display the result.
7. Write a Java program for display the exception in a message dialog box 14
Write a Java program that implements a multi-thread application that has three
8. 16
threads
A)Write a java program that connects to a database using JDBC 18

B)Write a java program to connect to a database using JDBC and insert values
9. into it 19

C): Write a java program to connect to a database using JDBC and delete
20
values from it
10. Write a java program to simulate a traffic light 22
Write a java program to create an abstract class named shape that contains an
empty method named number of sides (). Provide three classes named
11. trapezoid, triangle and Hexagon such that each one of the classes extends the 24
class shape. Each one of the class contains only the method number of sides ()
that shows the number of sides in the given geometrical figures.
12. Write a java program to display the table using labels in Grid layout 26

13. Write a java program for handling mouse events 27

14. Write a Java program loads phone no, name from a text file using hash table 30
Implement the above program to load phone no, name from database instead
15. of text file 31
Write a Java program that takes tab separated data from a text file and inserts
16. them into a database. 33
17. Write a Java program that prints the meta-data of a given table 35

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PROGRAM -1 Date:
Aim: Write a java program to find the Fibonacci series using recursive and non
recursive functions
Program:
//Class to write the recursive and non recursive functions.
class fib
{
int a,b,c;
// Non recursive function to find the
Fibonacci series. void nonrecursive(int n)
{
a=0;
b=1;
c=a+b;
System.out.print(b);
while(c<=n)
{
System.out.print(c);
a=b;
b=c;
c=a+b;
}
}
// Recursive function to find the Fibonacci
series. int recursive(int n)
{
if(n==0)
return (0);
if(n==1)
return (1);
else
return(recursive(n-1)+recursive(n-2));
}
}
// Class that calls recursive and non recursive functions
. class fib1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n;
// Accepting the value of n at run
time. n=Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
System.out.println("the recursion using non recursive is"); // Creating object for
the fib class.fib f=new fib();
// Calling non recursive function of
fib class. f.nonrecursive(n);
System.out.println("the recursion using recursive is"); ffor(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
{
// Calling recursive function of fib class. int
F1=f.recursive(i); System.out.print(F1);
}
}
}
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Three Test Outputs:

Signature of the faculty

EXERCISE:
1. Write a java program to print the multiplication table .
2.Write a java program to find the Factorial of a given integer using recursive and
non recursive functions

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PROGRAM -2 Date:
Aim: Write a java program to multiply two given matrices.
// Class to find multiplication
of matrices. class matri
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
// Accept the number of rows and columns at
run time. int m=Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
int n=Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
// Initialize the arrays.
int a[][]=new int[m][n]; int b[][]=new int[m][n]; int c[][]=new int[m][n]; int i=2;
// Loop to accept the values into a
matrix. for(int j=0;j<m;j++)
{for(int k=0;k<n;k++)
{
a[j][k]=Integer.parseInt(args[i]);
i++;
}
}
// Loop to accept the values into
b matrix. for(int j=0;j<m;j++)
{
for(int k=0;k<n;k++)
{
b[j][k]=Integer.parseInt(args[i]);
i++;
}
}
// Loop to multiply two matrices .
for(int j=0;j<m;j++)
{
for(int k=0;k<n;k++)
{
c[j][k]=0;
for(int l=0;l<m;l++)
{
c[j][k]=c[j][k]+(a[j][l]*b[l][k]);
}
}
}
// Loop to display the result
. for(int j=0;j<m;j++)
{
for(int k=0;k<n;k++)
{
System.out.print(c[j][k]);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

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Three test outputs:

Signature of the faculty

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PROGRAM -3 Date:
Aim: Write a java program that reads a line of integers and displays each integers
and the sum of all integers use String Tokenizer. Program:

// Import the packages to access methods of Scaneer and //StringTokenizer.

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

// Class to accept integers and find the sum using StringTokenizer //class.
public class TokenTest1
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
// Accept the values at run time.
Scanner scanner = new Scanner( System.in );
System.out.println( "Enter sequence of integers (with space between them) and
press Enter" );
// Getting the count of integers that were
entered. String digit = scanner.nextLine();
// Creating object of StringTokenizer class.
StringTokenizer tokens = new StringTokenizer( digit); int i=0,dig=0,sum=0,x;
// Loop to determine the tokens and find the
sum. while ( tokens.hasMoreTokens() )
{
String s=tokens.nextToken(); dig=Integer.parseInt(s);
System.out.print(dig+""); sum=sum+dig;
}

// Display the output. System.out.println();

System.out.println( "sum is "+sum );
}
}
Three test outputs:

Signature of the faculty

EXERCISE:
1. Write a java program to find all even and odd integers up to a given integer.
2. Write a java program to add and subtract two given matrices.
3. Write a java program that reads a line of integers and displays each integers
and the product of all integers use String Tokenizer.
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PROGRAM -4 Date: Aim: Write a java program that checks whether a

given string is palindrome or not Program:

// Class to find whether string is palindrome or

not. class palindrome
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
// Accepting the string at run time.

// Finding the length of the

string. l=s.length();
// Loop to find the reverse of
the string. for(j=l-1;j>=0;j--)
{
s1=s1+s.charAt(j);
}
// Condition to find whether two strings are equal // and display the
message. if(s.equals(s1))
System.out.println("String "+s+" is
palindrome"); else
System.out.println("String "+s+" is not palindrome");
}

Three test outputs:

Signature of the faculty

EXERCISE:
1. Write a java program to sort the given integers in ascending/descending order.
2. Write a java program to display characters in a string in sorted order.
3. write a program that uses a sequence inputstream to output the contents of two files.
4. Write a java program that reads a file and displays the file on the screen, with an
asterisk mark before each line.
5. Write a java program that displays the number of characters, lines, words,
white spaces in a text file.

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PROGRAM -5 A) Date:

Aim: Write an applet program that displays a simple message

Program:
Applet1.java:
// Import the packages to access the classes and methods in awt and
applet classes. import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*;
public class Applet1 extends Applet
{
// Paint method to display the message.
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString("HELLO WORLD",20,20);
}
}
Applet1.html:
/* <applet code="Applet1" width=200 height=300> </applet>*/

Three test Outputs:

Signature of the faculty

EXERCISE:1.Write an applet program that accepts an integer and display the factorial of
a given integer. 2Write an applet program that accepts an integer and display the prime
numbers up to that given integer.

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PROGRAM -5 B Date:
Aim: Write a Java program compute factorial value using Applet
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.Applet;
public class FactorialApplet extends Applet implements ActionListener
{
/*<applet code="FactorialApplet" height=300 width=300>
</applet>*/
Label l1,l2;
TextField t1,t2;
Button b1;
public void init()
{
setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
l1=new Label("Enter the value:");
add(l1);
t1=new TextField(10);
add(t1);
l2=new Label("Factorial value is:");
add(l2);
t2=new TextField(10);
add(t2);
b1=new Button("Compute");
add(b1);
b1.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
if((e.getSource())==b1)
{
int value=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
int fact=factorial(value);
t2.setText(String.valueOf(fact));
}
}
int factorial(int n)
{
if(n==0)
return 1;
else
return n*factorial(n-1);
}
}

Three Test Outputs:

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Signature of the faculty

Exercise: write an applet program for displaying the circle in green color.

9|Page

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PROGRAM -6 Date:

Aim: Write a java program that works as a simple calculator. Use a Grid Layout to arrange
Buttons for digits and for the + - * % operations. Add a text field to display the result.

Program:

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane; import
java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*;

// Class that initialize the applet and create

calculator. public class Calculator extends JApplet
{
public void init()
{
CalculatorPanel calc=new CalculatorPanel(); getContentPane().add(calc);
}
}
// Class that creates the calculator panel .
class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel implements ActionListener
{
// Creation of JButton.
JButton n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8,n9,n0,plus,minus,mul,div,dot,equal;
static JTextField result=new JTextField("0",45); static String
lastCommand=null; // Create the JObjectPane.
JOptionPane p=new JOptionPane(); double
preRes=0,secVal=0,res; private static void assign(String
no) {
if((result.getText()).equals("0"))
result.setText(no); else if(lastCommand=="=")
{
result.setText(no); lastCommand=null; }
else
result.setText(result.getText()+no);
}

// Creation of control panel of calculator and adding buttons using

GridLayout. public CalculatorPanel()
{
setLayout(new GridLayout());
result.setEditable(false);
result.setSize(300,200);
add(result);
JPanel panel=new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(5,5));
n7=new JButton("7"); panel.add(n7);

n7.addActionListener(this);
n8=new JButton("8");
panel.add(n8);
n8.addActionListener(this);
n9=new JButton("9");

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panel.add(n9);
n9.addActionListener(this);
div=new JButton("/");
panel.add(div);
div.addActionListener(this);
n4=new JButton("4");
panel.add(n4);
n4.addActionListener(this);
n5=new JButton("5");
panel.add(n5);
n5.addActionListener(this);
n6=new JButton("6");
panel.add(n6);
n6.addActionListener(this);
mul=new JButton("*");
panel.add(mul);
mul.addActionListener(this);
n1=new JButton("1");
panel.add(n1);
n1.addActionListener(this);
n2=new JButton("2");
panel.add(n2);
n2.addActionListener(this);
n3=new JButton("3");
panel.add(n3);
n3.addActionListener(this);
minus=new JButton("-");
panel.add(minus);
minus.addActionListener(this);
dot=new JButton(".");
panel.add(dot);
dot.addActionListener(this);
n0=new JButton("0");
panel.add(n0); n0.addActionListener(this);
equal=new JButton("=");
panel.add(equal);
equal.addActionListener(this);
plus=new JButton("+");
panel.add(plus);
plus.addActionListener(this);
add(panel);

}
// Implementing method in ActionListener.
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{
if(ae.getSource()==n1)
assign("1");
else if(ae.getSource()==n2)
assign("2");
else if(ae.getSource()==n3)
assign("3");
else if(ae.getSource()==n4)

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assign("4");
else if(ae.getSource()==n5)
assign("5");
else if(ae.getSource()==n6)
assign("6");
else if(ae.getSource()==n7)
assign("7");
else if(ae.getSource()==n8)
assign("8");
else if(ae.getSource()==n9)
assign("9");
else if(ae.getSource()==n0)
assign("0");
else if(ae.getSource()==dot)
{
if(((result.getText()).indexOf("."))==-1) result.setText(result.getText()+"."); }
else if(ae.getSource()==minus)
{
preRes=Double.parseDouble(result.getText()); lastCommand="-";
result.setText("0");
}
else if(ae.getSource()==div)
{
preRes=Double.parseDouble(result.getText());
lastCommand="/";
result.setText("0");
}
else if(ae.getSource()==equal)
{
secVal=Double.parseDouble(result.getText());
if(lastCommand.equals("/"))
res=preRes/secVal;
else if(lastCommand.equals("*"))
res=preRes*secVal;
else if(lastCommand.equals("-"))
res=preRes-secVal;
else if(lastCommand.equals("+"))
res=preRes+secVal;
result.setText(" "+res); lastCommand="=";
}
else if(ae.getSource()==mul)
{
preRes=Double.parseDouble(result.getText());
lastCommand="*";
result.setText("0");
}
else if(ae.getSource()==plus)
{
preRes=Double.parseDouble(result.getText());
lastCommand="+";
result.setText("0");
}
}

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}
Calculator.html:
<applet code="Calculator" width=200 height=300> </applet>

Three Test Outputs:

Signature of the faculty

EXERCISE:
Write a java program that use a Grid Layout to arrange Buttons for alphabets. Add a text
field to display the words.

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PROGRAM -7 Date:

Aim: Write a Java program for display the exception in a message

dialogbox import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class NumOperations extends JApplet implements
ActionListener {
/*<applet code="NumOperations"
width=300 height=300> </applet>*/
JLabel l1,l2,l3;
JTextField t1,t2,t3;
JButton b1;
public void init()
{
Container contentPane=getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
l1=new JLabel("Enter num1:");
contentPane.add(l1);
t1=new JTextField(15);
contentPane.add(t1);
l2=new JLabel("Enter num2:");
contentPane.add(l2);
t2=new JTextField(15);
contentPane.add(t2);
l3=new JLabel("The Result");
contentPane.add(l3);
t3=new JTextField(15);
contentPane.add(t3);
b1=new JButton("Divide");
contentPane.add(b1);
b1.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
if(e.getSource()==b1)
{
try
{
int a=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
int b=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
Float c=Float.valueOf(a/b);
t3.setText(String.valueOf(c));
}
catch(NumberFormatException e1)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"Not a valid number");
}
catch(ArithmeticException e2)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,e2.getMessage());
}
}

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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

}
}

Three test outputs:

PROGRAM -9 A) Date:
Aim: Write a java program that connects to a database using JDBC
Program:
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
public class PostgreSQLJDBC
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Connection c = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
c = DriverManager .getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
"postgres", "123");
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace();
System.err.println(e.getClass().getName()+":

"+e.getMessage()); System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
}
}

Three test outputs:

Signature of the faculty

18 | P a g e

Downloaded by Kelvin Munene ([email protected])

lOMoARcPSD|7444512

Program
B): Write a java program to connect to a database using JDBC and insert values into it

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class PostgreSQLJDBC
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
c = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
"manisha", "123");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
+ "VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California',
20000.00 );"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "

+ "VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00
);"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "

+ "VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00
);"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "

+ "VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00
);"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

stmt.close();
c.commit();
c.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage()
); System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Records created successfully");
}
}

Three test outputs:

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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

Signature of the faculty

Program
C): Write a java program to connect to a database using JDBC and delete values
from it import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class PostgreSQLJDBC6 {

public static void main( String args[] )
{
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
c = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
"manisha", "123");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where
ID=2;"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
c.commit();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;"
); while ( rs.next() ) {
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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage()
); System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
}
}

Three test outputs:

Signature of the faculty

21 | P a g e

Downloaded by Kelvin Munene ([email protected])

lOMoARcPSD|7444512

PROGRAM -10 Date:

Aim: Write a java program to simulate a traffic light
Program:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
// Class that allows user to select the traffic lights.
public class Trafficlight extends JFrame implements ItemListener
{
JRadioButton redbut,yellowbut,greenbut;
public Trafficlight()
{
Container c = getContentPane();
c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
// Create the button group.
ButtonGroup group= new ButtonGroup();
redbut = new JRadioButton("Red");
yellowbut = new JRadioButton("Yellow");
greenbut = new JRadioButton("Green");
group.add(redbut);
group.add(yellowbut);
group.add(greenbut);
// Add the buttons to the
container. c.add(redbut);
c.add(yellowbut);
c.add(greenbut);
// Add listeners to perform action
redbut.addItemListener(this);
yellowbut.addItemListener(this);
greenbut.addItemListener(this);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{
// Implement methods in Window Event class.
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{
System.exit(0);
}
} );
setTitle("Traffic Light
"); setSize(250,200);
setVisible(true);
}
// Implement methods in Item Event class.
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e)
{
String name= " ",color="
"; if(redbut.isSelected() )
name = "Red";
else if(yellowbut.isSelected() )
name = "Yellow";
else if(greenbut.isSelected() )
name = "Green";

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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"The "+name+" light is simulated,

"MessgeBox", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE); }

public static void main(String args[] )

{
new trafficlight();
}
}

Three Test Outputs:

Signature of the faculty

EXERCISE:
Write a java program that lets the user select one the three options: IT, CSE or ECE.
When a radio button is selected, the radio button is turned on and only one option can be
on at a time no option is on when program starts.

23 | P a g e

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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

PROGRAM -11 Date:

Aim: Write a java program to create an abstract class named shape that contains an empty
method named number of sides (). Provide three classes named trapezoid, triangle and
Hexagon such that each one of the classes extends the class shape. Each one of the class
contains only the method number of sides () that shows the number of sides in the given
geometrical figures.

Program:

// Abstract class that contains

abstract method. abstract class Shape
{
abstract void numberOfSides();
}
// Classes that illustrates the
abstract method. class Trapezoid
{
void numberOfSides()
{
System.out.println("The no. of side's in trapezoidal are6");
}
}
class Triangle
{
void numberOfSides()
{
System.out.println("The no. of side's in triangle are:3 ");
}
}
class Hexogon
{
void numberOfSides()
{System.out.println("The no. of side's in hexogon are:6 ");

}
}
// Class that create objects and call
the method. class ShapeDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Trapezoid obj1 = new Trapezoid();
Triangle obj2 = new Triangle();
Hexogon obj3 = new Hexogon();
obj1.numberOfSides();
obj2.numberOfSides();
obj3.numberOfSides(); }
}

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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

Three test outputs:

Signature of the faculty

Exercise:write a program to compute area of different shapes using abstract class.

25 | P a g e

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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

PROGRAM -12 Date: Aim:Write a java program to display the table

using labels in Grid layout import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class TableDemo extends JFrame
{
int i=0;
int j=0;
Object TabData[][]=new Object[5][2];
JTable mytable;
FileInputStream fr;
DataInputStream in;
public TableDemo()
{
String str=" ";
Container contentpane=getContentPane();
contentpane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
final String[] Column={","};
try
{
FileInputStream fr=new FileInputStream("table.txt");
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(fr);
if((str=in.readLine())!=null)
{
StringTokenizer s=new StringTokenizer(str,",");
while(s.hasMoreTokens())
{
for(int k=0;k<2;k++)
{
Column[k]=s.nextToken();
}
}
}
while((str=in.readLine())!=null)
{
StringTokenizer s=new StringTokenizer(str,",");
while(s.hasMoreTokens())
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
TabData[i][j]=s.nextToken();
}
i++;
}
}
}catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}

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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

mytable=new JTable(TabData,Column);
int v=ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED; int
h=ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED;
JScrollPane scroll=new JScrollPane(mytable,v,h);
contentpane.add(scroll,BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
TableDemo t=new TableDemo();
t.setSize(300,300);
t.setVisible(true);
t.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}

Three test outputs:

Signature of the faculty

27 | P a g e

Downloaded by Kelvin Munene ([email protected])

lOMoARcPSD|7444512

PROGRAM -13 Date:

Aim:Write a java program for handling mouse events

Program: mouseevent.java import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*; import java.applet.*;
// Class that handles mouse events.
public class mouseevent extends Applet implements MouseListener,MouseMotionListener
{
String msg="";
int mousex=0,mousey=0;
// Method to initialize
the applet. public void init()
{
addMouseListener(this);
addMouseMotionListener(this);
}

// Method to handle mouse clicked event .

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me)

{
mousex=0;
mousey=10; msg="mouse clicked"; repaint();
}

// Method to handle mouse entered event . public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent me)

{
mousex=0;
mousey=10; msg="mouse Entered"; repaint();
}

// Method to handle mouse entered event .

public void mouseExited(MouseEvent me)
{
mousex=0; mousey=10; msg="mouse exited";
repaint();
}
// Method to handle mouse pressed event .
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me)
{
mousex=me.getX();
mousey=me.getY(); msg="down";
repaint();
}

// Method to handle mouse relesed event .

public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me)
{
mousex=me.getX();
mousey=me.getY();
msg="Up";

28 | P a g e

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repaint();
}

// Method to handle mouse dragged event .

public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent me)
{
mousex=me.getX();
mousey=me.getY();
msg="";
showStatus("Dragged mouse at"+mousex+""+mousey); repaint();
}

// Method to handle mouse moved event .

public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent me)
{
showStatus("Moving mouseat"+me.getX()+""+me.getY());
}

// Method to display the message .

public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString(msg,mousex,mousey);
}
}

mouseevent.html:

/* <applet code=”mouseevent” width=200

height=200> </applet> */

Three Test Outputs:

Signature of the faculty

EXERCISE:
1.Write a java program for handling KEY BOARD events.

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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

PROGRAM -14 Date:

Aim:Write a Java program loads phone no,name from a text file using hash table
Program:
// Demonstrate a Hashtable
import java.util.*;
class HTDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Hashtable balance = new Hashtable();
Enumeration names;
String str;
double bal;
balance.put("John Doe", new Double(3434.34));
balance.put("Tom Smith", new Double(123.22));
balance.put("Jane Baker", new Double(1378.00));
balance.put("Todd Hall", new Double(99.22));
balance.put("Ralph Smith", new Double(-19.08));
// Show all balances in hash table.
names = balance.keys();
while(names.hasMoreElements()) {
str = (String) names.nextElement();
System.out.println(str + ": " +
balance.get(str));
}
System.out.println();
// Deposit 1,000 into John Doe's account
bal = ((Double)balance.get("John Doe")).doubleValue();
balance.put("John Doe", new Double(bal+1000));
System.out.println("John Doe's new balance: " +
balance.get("John Doe"));
}
}
Three test outputs:

Signature of the faculty

Exercise:

Write a Java program loads list of student names and roll numbers from a text file

30 | P a g e

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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

PROGRAM -15 Date:

Aim: Implement the above program to load phone no, name from database instead of text
file
import java.sql.*;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] )
{
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
c = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
"manisha", "123");
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY " +
"(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," +
" NAME TEXT NOT NULL, " +
" AGE INT NOT NULL, " +
" ADDRESS CHAR(50), " +
" SALARY REAL)";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage()
); System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Table created successfully");
}
}
Three test outputs:

Signature of the faculty

Exercise: Implement the above program to load emp details name,salary,address,
from database .

31 | P a g e

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lOMoARcPSD|7444512

PROGRAM -16 Date:

Aim:Write a Java program that takes tab separated data from a text file and inserts them into
a database.
Program:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;

public class TabSeparatedFileReader {

public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception

{ /**
* Source file to read
data from. */
String dataFileName = "C:/temp/myTabSeparatedFile.txt";

/**
* Creating a buffered reader to read the
file */
BufferedReader bReader = new BufferedReader( new
FileReader(dataFileName));
String
line; /**
* Looping the read block until all lines in the file
are read. */
while ((line = bReader.readLine()) != null) {

/**
* Splitting the content of tabbed separated
line */
String datavalue[] = line.split("\t");
String value1 = datavalue[0];
String value2 = datavalue[1];
int value3 = Integer.parseInt(datavalue[2]);
double value4 = Double.parseDouble(datavalue[3]);

/**
* Printing the value read from file to the
console */
System.out.println(value1 + "\t" + value2 + "\t" + value3 + "\t"
+ value4);
}
bReader.close();
}

Three test outputs:

32 | P a g e

Downloaded by Kelvin Munene ([email protected])

lOMoARcPSD|7444512

Signature of the faculty

Exercise:
Write a program to reverse the specified n number of characters from the given text file
and insert the data into database.

33 | P a g e

Downloaded by Kelvin Munene ([email protected])

lOMoARcPSD|7444512

PROGRAM -17 Date:

Aim: Write a Java program that prints the meta-data of a given table
Program:
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class JDBCDriverInformation {
static String userid="scott", password = "tiger";
static String url = "jdbc:odbc:bob";
static Connection con = null;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{ Connection con = getOracleJDBCConnection();
if(con!= null){
System.out.println("Got Connection."); DatabaseMetaData meta
= con.getMetaData(); System.out.println("Driver Name :
"+meta.getDriverName()); System.out.println("Driver Version
: "+meta.getDriverVersion());

}else{
System.out.println("Could not Get Connection");
}
}

public static Connection getOracleJDBCConnection(){

try {
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
} catch(java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.err.print("ClassNotFoundException: ");
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
}

try {
con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, userid,
password); } catch(SQLException ex) {
System.err.println("SQLException: " + ex.getMessage());
}

return con;
}

Three test outputs:

34 | P a g e

Downloaded by Kelvin Munene ([email protected])

lOMoARcPSD|7444512

Signature of the faculty

Exercise: Write a Java program that prints the meta-data of a given hash table.

35 | P a g e

Downloaded by Kelvin Munene ([email protected])

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