UNIT I

Concept of Project

“Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to a

broad range of activities in order to meet the requirements of the particular project. A
project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to achieve a particular aim. Project
management knowledge and practices are best described in terms of their component
processes. These processes can be placed into five Process Groups: Initiating, Planning,
Executing, Controlling and Closing.”

“The leadership role which plans, budgets, coordinates, monitors and controls the
operational contributions of property professionals, and others, in a project involving
the development of land in accordance with a client’s objectives in terms of quality,
cost and time.”
Project Management

The successful project management is all about structure, control, sufficient attention
to detail and continuously driving action. The role of the project manager is to
understand enough project management to apply its structure and ensure that project
is successfully completed within the time and cost required. The things you must do
as a project manager are:

Ensure there is a clear understanding why a project is being done, and what it will
produce. Plan the project – to understand how long it will take and how much it will
cost.
Manage the project – to ensure that as the project progresses, it achieves the objectives
you have defined within the time and cost specified.

Complete the project properly – to make sure everything produced by the project is of the
quality expected and works as required.

Caution A clear understanding of the project is necessary before a project is initiated

and implemented.
Importance of Project Management

• Efficiency: Ensures optimal use of resources.

• Risk Management: Identifies and mitigates risks.
• Quality Control: Maintains standards and ensures project deliverables meet
requirements.
• Communication: Enhances collaboration among stakeholders.

Project Management Process

• Initiation: Define the project and obtain approval.

• Planning: Develop a roadmap, including scope, schedule, resources, and risk
management.
• Execution: Implement the plan and manage teams and resources.
• Monitoring and Controlling: Track progress and make adjustments as needed.
• Closing: Finalize all activities, obtain acceptance, and close the project.

Project Lifecycle

 Concept/Initiation: Identifying project feasibility and defining its scope.

 Planning: Detailed planning of all project aspects.
 Execution: Actual work to fulfill project goals.
 Monitoring and Controlling: Ensuring the project stays on track.
 Closure: Final reporting and documentation.

Project Stakeholders

Individuals or groups affected by the project, including:

 Project sponsors
 Team members
 Customers
 Suppliers
 Regulatory bodies

Who are they?

•What are their interests?
 •Will their interest level vary throughout the project?
•The power.
Stakeholders are the people which are directly or indirectly attached with the project.
Internal Stakeholders :
• The project Manger
• The project development team
• Company
• Partners
• Investors
External Stakeholders:
• Customer
• Direct user
• Indirect user
• Supplier
• Legal authorities

Project Management Structures

Choosing Appropriate Project Management Structure

How to choose the best Organizational Structure for Project Management?

Implications of Organizational Culture

Organizational culture is the collection of values, beliefs, assumptions, and norms that guide
activity and mindset in an organization.

 Freedom

 Equality

 Security

 Opportunity
Implications we need for Organisation

Main Cause of Project Failure

 Selection of a concept that is not applicable

 Selection of the wrong person as a project manager

 Upper Management that is not supportive

 Inadequately defined tasks

 Project termination that is not planned

 Misused management techniques

Project Definitions

Project Scope- Scope refers to the detailed set of deliverables or features of a project.

• This includes all the objectives, activities, process, output, deadline need to be done in
order to make a deliverable software product.

• Scope management is essential because it creates boundaries of the project by clearly

defining what would be done in the project & what will not be done.
Steps in Project Scope Management

Step 1 – Plan Scope Management

This process provides guidelines and direction for managing scope across the project.

Step 2 – Collect Requirements

Collect requirement from all stakeholders who you have identified on the project.

Step 3 – Defining Scope

Identify Human resource like Inter personal and team skills

Step 4 – Create WBS

The Work Break Down Structure involves in smaller units.

Step 5 – Verify Scope

The validate scope process focuses mainly on customer acceptance.

During last process , the customer gives the feedback on the work that was performed.

Step 6 – Control Scope

It involves monitoring and status of the project.

Efficient in dealing with time & cost management.

Establishing Project Priorities

Project prioritization is the process of determining the best order for completing a group of
projects or tasks. It may be based on criteria like how the work impacts business or financial
goals, organizational risk, staff availability, and/or potential for success.

• In general, we usually see 3 levels of prioritization in project management:

• Strategic prioritization works at the organizational level to move the company

forward to reach its mission, vision, and goals.

• Project prioritization is done either by a PMO who oversees a portfolio of projects

or by individuals and/or teams who juggle multiple projects.

Task prioritization zooms into the work happening in a specific project, whether it’s for an
internal team, external client, or personal project

Why is prioritization important in project management?

• Gain efficiency: By putting projects and tasks in just the right place, you can use your
team’s time and resources more efficiently to meet deadlines and reduce costs.

• Realize goals: Prioritization ensures you meet both short- and long-term goals.

• Stay focused: Having a written plan that can be shared and revisited makes it easier
to maintain focus and keep on the right path.

• Reduce the load: The more you have on your plate, the more mental and physical
stress it puts on you. Prioritization provides relief by delivering a clear plan and a
reduced workload as you let go of projects and tasks that aren’t important.

• Build empathy: When you work together to understand each other's needs and
challenges, you build stronger relationships, better communication, and empathy
across

WBS Creation

List all the project outputs (deliverables and other direct results);

•Identify of all the activities required to deliver the outputs.

•Subdivide the activities into sub-activities and tasks.

•Identify the deliverable and milestone(s) of each task

•A list of all activities required to create all the deliverables in the scope.

•Activities may be broken down into smaller tasks, in a hierarchical pattern

•Do not focus on sequence or dependencies at this point

Creating the WBS

Example
Integrating the WBS with the organization

Fourth level of WBS

An Organizational Breakdown Structure is an intermediate level of a different chart that

many of you are already familiar with: The Work Breakdown Structure. The OBS displays
organizational relationships and then uses them for assigning work to resources in a project

Project Roll-Up

The intersection of WBS and OBS represents a control point called cost account by project
managers. The work packages and cost accounts serve as a database from which all other
planning, scheduling and controlling processes are coordinated.

Cost accounts include one or more work packages. Each work package has time, budget,
resource, responsibility and control points that can be used to track project progress
Responsibility Matrix

Ones we understand the list of tasks, we can assign them to the project team.

RM-Responsibility Matrix.

Successful project management depends on a team-wide understanding of roles and

responsibilities. Using a RM matrix to assign and define each role is a great way to keep a
project on track and positioned for success.