EE 5I 1- ENERGY CONSERVATION BASICS ECA (22525)

Q.) Define Energy conservation.

Ans:- Energy conservation:
Reduction in the amount of energy consumed in a process or system, or by an
Organization or society, through economy, elimination of waste, and rational use
is referred as energy conservation.
OR
It is defined as reducing growth of energy consumption by avoiding unnecessary
usages of energy by applying the energy conservation techniques.
OR
It’s the process of reduction in the growth of electrical power utilization and to
avoid unnecessary use of electrical power and to increase the efficiency of every
machine and material by minimizing the losses.

Q.) Explain the need of energy conservation in present scenario.

OR

 We use energy faster than it can be produced - Coal, oil and natural gas - the most
utilized sources take thousands of years for formation.
 Energy resources are limited - India has approximately 1% of world’s energy resources
but it has 16% of world population.
 Most of the energy sources we use cannot be reused and renewed - Non renewable
energy sources constitute 80% of the fuel use. It is said that our energy resources may last
only for another 40 years or so.
 We save the country a lot of money when we save energy - About 75 per cent of our
crude oil needs are met from imports which would cost about Rs.1, 50,000 crore a year
 We save our money when we save energy - Imagine your savings if your LPG cylinder
comes for an extra week or there is a cut in your electricity bills .

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EE 5I 1- ENERGY CONSERVATION BASICS ECA (22525)
 Energy saved is energy generated - When we save one unit of energy, it is equivalent to 2
units of energy produced
 Save energy to reduce pollution - Energy production and use account to large proportion
of air pollution and more than 83 percent of greenhouse gas emissions.

An old Indian saying describes it this way - The earth, water and the air are not a gift to us from
our parents but a loan from our children. Hence we need to make energy conservation a habit.

REVIEW OF VARIOUS ENERGY SOURCES

• Primary and Secondary Sources.

• Renewable and Non-Renewable Sources.
• Conventional and Non-conventional.
• Commercial and Non-commercial.

Primary Energy Sources :-

Those sources that are either found or stored in nature.
 Coal
 Oil
 Natural gas
 Biomass(such as wood)
 Nuclear energy from radioactive substances

Secondary Energy Sources :-
Those sources that are obtained from primary energy sources.
 Electrical Energy
 Refined fuels
 Synthetic fuels

Renewable Energy Sources :-

Renewable energy is the energy which is generated from natural sources i.e. sun, wind,
rain, tides and can be generated again and again as and when required. They are available in
plenty and by far most the cleanest sources of energy available on this planet. For eg: energy that
we receive from the sun can be used to generate electricity. Similarly, energy from wind,
geothermal, biomass from plants, tides can be used to fulfill our daily energy demands.

Non-Renewable Energy Sources :-

Non-Renewable energy is the energy which is taken from the sources that are available
on the earth in limited quantity and will vanish fifty-sixty years from now. Non Renewable
sources are not environmental friendly and can have serious affect on our health. They are called
non-renewable because they cannot be re-generated within a short span of time.
 Fossil fuels
 Coal
 Crude oil

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EE 5I 1- ENERGY CONSERVATION BASICS ECA (22525)
 Natural gas
 Wood to some extent

List conventional and non-conventional energy sources.

Conventional Energy sources:

It refers to traditional source of power.
1.Thermal Power Plant ( coal ),
2. Hydro Power Plant
3. Nuclear Energy Power Plant
4. Diesel Power Plant
5. Natural gas
6. oil
Non-Conventional Energy sources:
It refers to our recently developed source of power.
1. Solar Power Plant ( Solar Energy)
2. Wind Power Plant ( Wind Energy)
3. Ocean waves and tides Power Plant ( Tidal energy)
4. Magneto hydro dynamic (MHD) Power Plant,
5. fuel cell,
6. Biomass Power Plant,
7. Geothermal energy Power Plant

Q.) State the difference between commercial and non-commercial energy

source with example
S.No. Commercial Energy Source Non Commercial Energy Source
1 Commercial energy is energy which Non-commercial energy is energy which is
is available to the users at some available free of cost to the users.
price
2 For example, coal, petroleum, For example, fire wood, agricultural waste, cow
natural gas and electricity. dung.
3 It is used for commercial purposes in It is used for domestic and consumption
factories and farms. purposes.
4 This is a non-renewable form of It is a renewable form of energy.
energy.
5 High capital investment is required It can be used in raw form.
for its installation
6 Its utilization leads to more pollution These pollute the environment lesser extent as
of the environment. their use is not as high as the commercial ones.

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EE 5I 1- ENERGY CONSERVATION BASICS ECA (22525)
Q.) Write meaning of each of the following abbreviations: NPC, MEDA,
BEE,MNRE.

NPC: National Productivity Council:

It is a national level tri-partite, non-profit autonomous organization consisting of members
from government as well as other technical & non technical organizations. It provides
services in the areas of training, consultancy research in the field of energy and
productivity.

MEDA: Maharashtra Energy Development Agency:

State level organization in Maharashtra constituted by the government of Maharashtra that
works for the promotion of energy efficiency in all sectors.

MNRE: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy:

Promotes new energy conservation techniques in industries etc. by giving incentives,
helping in design of new techniques in energy efficiency measures, transferring new energy
efficient cost effective technologies etc.

BEE : BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY:-

The Government of India set up Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). on 1st March 2002 under
the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. The mission of the Bureau of Energy
Efficiency is to assist in developing policies and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation and
market principles, within the overall framework of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 with the
primary objective of reducing energy intensity of the Indian economy.

The Major Functions of BEE include:

 Create awareness and disseminate information on energy efficiency and conservation
 Arrange and organize training of personnel and specialists in the techniques for
efficient use of energy and its conservation
 Strengthen consultancy services in the field of energy conservation
 Give financial assistance to institutions for promoting efficient use of energy and its
conservation
 Prepare educational curriculum on efficient use of energy and its conservation
 Implement international co-operation programmes relating to efficient use of energy
and its conservation
 Promote research and development

Q.) List any two functions of MEDA.

Ans :-Functions of MEDA:
1. To decide long term energy conservation policy’s for Maharashtra state.
2. To coordinate with central government organization i.e NPC, MNRE etc for energy
conservation policy’s with state government.
3. To decide delivery mechanism for energy efficiency services.
4. To promote/implement energy conservation techniques at state level.
5. To prepare public awareness regarding with energy conservation in our society.
6. To decide penalty, incentive, subsidy for energy conservation at state level.

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EE 5I 1- ENERGY CONSERVATION BASICS ECA (22525)

Q.) Define Energy Audit as per Energy Conservation Act 2001

Ans :- As per Energy Conservation Act 2001

,Energy Audit is defined as, “ the verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy
including submission of technical report containing recommendation for improving energy
efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption.””

Q.) State the difference between energy conservation and energy audit.
Ans :-
Sr.No. Energy Conservation Energy audit.
1 It is reducing the growth of energy It is an inspection, survey & analysis
consumption by avoiding of energy flows in building or system
unnecessary usage of energy to reduce the amount of energy input
to the system
2 Energy conservation techniques can Energy audit procedure can be carried
be carried out by energy manager. out by energy auditor
3 Energy conservation procedure is Energy audit procedure for the given
carried out after energy auditing. plan is carried out initially.
4 Energy conservation procedure is Energy audit is the procedure for
costly, time consuming and depends better energy conservation.
on consumers application.
5 Energy conservation devices are Various measuring instruments, with
required for energy conservation proper sensing elements are required
techniques. for the energy audit.

Q.) State the needs and benefits of star labelling.

Ans :-
Needs of star labelling: ( Any Point expected : 1 Mark each, 2 Marks)
 Star labelling is meanly required to recognize quality of product
 Star labelling is also required to determine life and efficiency of the product.
 Star labels identifies percentage of energy conservation products.

Benefits of star labelling : ( Any Point expected : 1 Mark each, 2 Marks)

1. Due to the star labelling quality of the product is maintained.
2. It standard reduces energy cost.
3. The standard protects consumer rights.
4. Due to the standard green hose emission and air pollution will be reduces.
5. Market efficiency and compilation will be improve.

Q.) State four salient features of Energy Conservation Act 2003.

Ans
Salient features of Energy Conservation Act 2003:
1) The Central Government to prepare a National Electricity Policy in consultation
with State Governments.
2) Thrust to complete the rural electrification and provide for management of rural

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EE 5I 1- ENERGY CONSERVATION BASICS ECA (22525)
distribution by panchayats, Co-operative Societies, non-Government organizations,
franchisees etc.
3) Provisions for license free generation and distribution in the rural areas.
4) Generation being delicensed and captive generation being freely permitted. Hydro
projects need clearance from the Central Electricity Authority.
5) Transmission utility at the central as well as state level to be government company
with responsibility for planned and co-ordinated development of transmission network.
6) Provision for private licensees in transmission and entry in distribution through an
independent network.
7) Open access in transmission from the outset.
8) Distribution licensees would be free to undertake generation and generating companies
would be free to take up distribution businesses.

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 EE 5I 1- ENERGY CONSERVATION BASICS ECA (22525)
.
Q.) State at least eight salient features of Energy conservation Act-2001
Ans:- Important features of Energy Conservation Act 2001 are

1. Standards and Labelling :

Standards and Labelling (S and L) has been identified as a key activity for energy efficiency
improvement. The S and L program, when in place would ensure that only energy efficient
equipment and appliance would be made available to the consumers .
The main provisions of EC act on Standards and Labelling are :
 Evolve minimum energy consumption and performance standards for notified equipment and
appliances.
 Prohibit manufacture, sale and import of such equipment, which does not confirm to the
standards.
 Introduce a mandatory labeling scheme for notified equipment appliances to enable consumers to
make informed choices.
 Disseminate information on the benefits to consumers.
2. Designated Consumers :
The main provisions of EC Act on designated consumers are :
 The government would notity energy intensive industries and other establishments as designated
consumers.
 Schedule to the Act provides list of designated consumers which covered basically energy
intensive industries, Railways, Port Trust, Transport Sector, Power Stations Transmission and
Distribution Companies and Commercial buildings or establishments.
 The designated consumer to get an energy audit conducted by an accredited energy auditor.
 Energy managers with prescribed qualification are required to be appointed or designated by the
designated consumers.
 Designated consumers would comply with norms and standards of energy consumption as
prescribed by the central government.

3. Certification of Energy Managers and Accreditation of Energy Auditing Firms :

A professionally qualified energy managers and auditors with expertise in policy analysis,
project management financing and implementation of energy efficiency projects would be
developed through Certification and Accreditation programme. BEE to design training modules,
and conduct a National level examination for certification of energy managers and energy
auditors.

4. Energy Conservation Building Codes :

The main provisions of Act on Energy Conservation Building Codes are :
 The BE would prepare guidelines for Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC)
 These would be notified to suit local climate condition or other compelling factors by the respect
for commercial buildings erected after the rules relating to every conservation building codes
notified In addition, these buildings should have connected load of 500 kW or contra demand of
600 kVA and above and are intended to be used for commercial purposes
 Energy audit of specific designated commercial building consumers would also be prescribed.

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 EE 5I 1- ENERGY CONSERVATION BASICS ECA (22525)
5. Central Energy Conservation Fund
The EC Act provisions in this case are :
The fund would be set up at the centre to develop the delivery mechanism for large-scale
adoption of energy efficiency services such as performance contracting and promotion of energy
service companies. The fund expected to give a thrust to R & D and demonstration in order to
boost market penetratrion of efficient equipment and appliances. It would support the creation of
facilities for testing and development and to promote consume awareness.

6. Role of Central and State Governments :

The following role of Central and State Government is envisaged in the Act.
 Central - to notify rules and regulation under various provisions of the Act provide initial
finance assistance to BEE and EC fund, coordinate with various State Governments for
notification enforcement penalties and adjudication.
 State - to amend energy conservation building codes to suit the regional and local climatic
condition to designate state level agency to coordinate regulate and enforce provisions of the Act
and constitute State Energy Conservation Fund for promotion of energy efficiency.
7. Enforcement through Self Regulation :

 EC Act would require inspection of only two items. The following procedure of self-regulation is
proposed to be adopted for verifying areas that require inspection of only two items that require
inspection.

 The certification of energy consumption norms and standards of production process by the
Accredited Energy Auditors is a way to enforce effective energy efficiency in Designated
Consumers.

 For energy performance and standards manufacturer's declared values would be checked in
Accredited Laboratories by drawing sample from market. Any manufacturer or consumer or
consumer association can challenge the values of the other manufacturer and bring to the notice
of BEE. BEE can recognize for challenge testing in disputed cases as a measure for self-
regulation.
8. Penalties and Adjudication :

 Penalty for each offence under the Act would be in monetary terms i.e. 10,000 for each offence
and 1.000 for each day for continued non-compliance.

 The initial phase of 5 years would be promotional and creating infrastructure for implementation
of Act. No penalties would be effective during this phase.

 The power to adjudicate has been vested with state Electricity Regulatory Commission which
shall appoint any one of its member to be an adjudicating officer for holding an enquiry in
connection with the penalty imposed.

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