FUNDAMENTALS OF IOT

AND SENSORS - 24EC1101

Experiment No. 3
 Experiment No 3 Student ID
Date Student Name

INTERFACING POTENTIOMETER WITH ARDUINO

GENUINO UNO

Aim/Objective:
The main objective of this experiment is,
A. To read potentiometer data and print on the Serial Monitor
B. To interface potentiometer with LED.

Components required:

Software Hardware
Arduino UNO Board
Tinkercad Arduino UNO Cable
Arduino IDE (To be installed in Laptop) Potentiometer - 1
LED (Red-1, Green-1, Blue-1)
Resistors – 2 (1KΩ each)
Jumper wires

Description:
 The potentiometer is a device that is used to measure the voltage or electric potential.
It provides a variable resistance when the shaft of the device is turned.
 Here, we will measure the amount of resistance as an analog value produced by the
potentiometer. We will connect the potentiometer to the Arduino UNO board and will
measure the state of the potentiometer. The required code will be uploaded from our
computer to the Arduino board.
 The variable resistance measured by the potentiometer can be easily read as an analog
value into the Arduino board.
 The potentiometer is a three-terminal device. It has a rotating contact that acts as an
adjustable voltage divider.
 The potentiometer structure consists of a sliding contact (called wiper), a resistive
element, electrical terminals, and housing.
 The sliding contact moves along the resistive element, while the housing consists of the
wiper and the element.
 Working: The fixed input voltage is applied across the two ends terminal of a
potentiometer, which further produces the adjustable output voltage at the wiper or
slider.
 As the slider moves from one end to another, the divider can vary the output voltage
from maximum to Ground.

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The connection of potentiometer with Arduino board is shown below:

Pre-Requisites:
 Electronics fundamentals
 Basic knowledge about Arduino Pins

Pre-Lab:
1. What is the usage of potentiometer in interfacing Arduino?
The potentiometer is a device that is used to measure the voltage or electric potential.
It provides a variable resistance when the shaft of the device is turned.
2. How to control potentiometer with Arduino?
The typical potentiometer will have 3 pins, two power supply pins (+5V and GND),
and one pin that connects to an analog input pin on your Arduino to read the value
output.
3. What is the limit of potentiometer in Arduino?
The value can be read as an analog value, with the Arduino board. The value goes from
0 to 1023 depending on the rotation of the knob on the potentiometer.
4. What are the two main types of potentiometers?
There are two main types of potentiometer, linear potentiometers and rotary
potentiometers.
5. How to code potentiometer in Arduino?
To code a potentiometer in Arduino, you need to first connect the potentiometer to the
Arduino board. The potentiometer has three pins: the first one (usually on the left)
connects to 5V, the second one (in the middle) connects to an analog input pin on the
Arduino, and the third one (usually on the right) connects to ground (GND).
In-Lab:

Procedure:
 First make sure that the Arduino is powered off.
 Plug the potentiometer on the breadboard, with each leg on an independent line. Note:
some potentiometers have a different layout, with 2 pins facing one side, and the middle
pin facing the other side. In this case, plug the potentiometer in the middle of the
breadboard so it will be easier to add wires to the circuit.
 Connect one of the external leg of the potentiometer to the ground of the Arduino
(GND).
 Connect the other external leg to the power supply (5V).
 Plug the middle leg to an analog pin of the Arduino, for example here A0.

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Program:

A. Interface potentiometer with Arduino

int potpin=A0;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
int sensorValue = analogRead(potpin);
Serial.println(sensorValue);
delay(10);
}

B. Control the brightness of LED with potentiometer.

#define LED_PIN 6
#define POTENTIOMETER_PIN A0

void setup()
{
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
int potentiometerValue = analogRead(POTENTIOMETER_PIN);
int brightness = map(potentiometerValue,0,1023,0,255);
Serial.print("LED Brightness Value is:: ");
Serial.println(brightness);
analogWrite(LED_PIN, brightness);
}

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Connection Diagram:
Program A:

a. Interface potentiometer with Arduino

Program B:

b. Control the brightness of LED with potentiometer.

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Results:

VIVA-VOCE Questions (In-Lab):

1. What is the purpose of potentiometer in Arduino??
A potentiometer is a simple mechanical device that provides a varying amount of
resistance when its shaft is turned. By passing voltage through a potentiometer and into an
analog input on your board, it is possible to measure the amount of resistance produced by
a potentiometer (or pot for short) as an analog value.
2. What are the parts of potentiometer in Arduino?
The typical potentiometer will have 3 pins, two power supply pins (+5V and GND), and
one pin that connects to an analog input pin on your Arduino to read the value output.
3. Which potentiometer is best for Arduino?
For use with the Arduino A/D inputs, a pot value in the range of 1K, 5K or 10K will give
the best results.
4. What type of signal is a potentiometer?
A digital potentiometer (often called digipot) is an electronic component that mimics the
functions of analog potentiometers. Through digital input signals, the resistance between
two terminals can be adjusted, just as in an analog potentiometer.

Post-Lab:

1. Write a program to control RGB LED with a potentiometer.

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 Experiment No 3 Student ID
Date Student Name

Program:
/*
* Code for making one potentiometer control 3 LEDs, red, grn and blu, or one tri-color LED

* The program cross-fades from red to grn, grn to blu, and blu to red

*/
// INPUT: Potentiometer should be connected to 5V and GND

int potPin = A0; // Potentiometer output connected to analog pin 3

int potVal = 0; // Variable to store the input from the potentiometer

// OUTPUT: Use digital pins 9-11, the Pulse-width Modulation (PWM) pins

// LED's cathodes should be connected to digital GND

int redPin = 9; // Red LED, connected to digital pin 9

int grnPin = 10; // Green LED, connected to digital pin 10

int bluPin = 11; // Blue LED, connected to digital pin 11

// Program variables
int redVal = 0; // Variables to store the values to send to the pins
int grnVal = 0;

int bluVal = 0;

void setup()

{
pinMode(redPin, OUTPUT); // sets the pins as output
pinMode(grnPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(bluPin, OUTPUT);

}
// Main program
void loop()

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 Experiment No 3 Student ID
Date Student Name

potVal = analogRead(potPin); // read the potentiometer value at the input pin

if (potVal < 341) // Lowest third of the potentiometer's range (0-340)

{
potVal = (potVal * 3) / 4; // Normalize to 0-255
redVal = 256 - potVal; // Red from full to off
grnVal = potVal; // Green from off to full
bluVal = 1; // Blue off

else if (potVal < 682) // Middle third of potentiometer's range (341-681)

{
potVal = ( (potVal-341) * 3) / 4; // Normalize to 0-255
redVal = 1; // Red off

grnVal = 256 - potVal; // Green from full to off

bluVal = potVal; // Blue from off to full

}
else // Upper third of potentiometer"s range (682-1023)
{

potVal = ( (potVal-683) * 3) / 4; // Normalize to 0-255

redVal = potVal; // Red from off to full
grnVal = 1; // Green off

bluVal = 256 - potVal; // Blue from full to off

}
analogWrite(redPin, redVal); // Write values to LED pins
analogWrite(grnPin, grnVal);

analogWrite(bluPin, bluVal);
}

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Evaluator Remark (if Any):
Marks Secured: out of 50

Signature of the Evaluator with Date

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