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10 views19 pages

PDF Document 3

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Rhea Cablayan
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Introduction

to
Agriculture
By: Jolina C. Mangaoang
Agriculture
❖ Derived from two Latin words ager or agri
meaning soil and cultura meaning
cultivation

❖ Agriculture is an applied science which


encompasses all aspects of crop production
including horticulture , livestock rearing,
fisheries, forestry, etc.
Agriculture
❖ it is the science, art and practice of
cultivating the soil,producing crops and
raising livestock and in varying degrees the
preparationand marketing and resulting of
products
Agriculture
❖ is the art and science of cultivating the soil,
growing crops and raising livestock. It includes
the preparation of plant and animal products for
people to use and their distribution to markets.

❖ provides most of the world’s food and fabrics.


Cotton, wool, and leather are all agricultural
products. Agriculture also provides wood for
construction and paper products.
Agriculture
❖ As an art: it embraces knowledge of the way to
perform the operations of the farm in a skillful
manner.

❖ As a science: Utilizes all technologies developed on


scientific principles such as crop breeding, production
techniques, crop protection, economics, etc. to
maximize the yield and profit.
Agriculture
❖ Agriculture as a business: aims at maximum net
return through the management of land labour, water,
and capital, employing the knowledge of various
sciences for production of food, feed, fiber and fuel.
01
History
of
Agriculture
• Before agriculture became widespread, people spent most of
their lives searching for food—hunting wild animals and
gathering wild plants. About 11,500 years ago, people
gradually learned how to grow cereal and root crops, and
settled down to a life based on farming.

• By 2,000 years ago, much of the Earth’s population had


become dependent on agriculture. Scholars are not sure why
this shift to farming took place, but it may have occurred
because of climate change.
• When people began growing crops, they also began herding
and breeding wild animals. Adapting wild plants and animals
for people to use is called domestication.

• The first domesticated plant was probably rice or corn.


Chinese farmers were cultivating rice as early as 7500 BCE.

• Dogs- the first domesticated animals which were used for


hunting.
• Sheep and goats were probably domesticated next.

• People also domesticated cattle and pigs.

• Most of these animals had once been hunted for hides and
meat. Now many of them are also sources of milk, cheese, and
butter. Eventually, people used domesticated animals such as
oxen for plowing, pulling, and transportation.
02
Branches
of
Agriculture
AGRONOMY

❖ deals with the production of


various crops which includes
food crops, fodder crops,
fibre crops, sugar, oilseeds,
etc. The aim is to improve
the use of soil and increase
the production of food and
fiber crops.
HORTICULTURE

❖ deals with the production of


fruits, vegetables, flowers,
ornamental plants, spices,
condiments and beverages.
FORESTRY

❖ deals with production of large scale


cultivation of perennial trees for supplying
wood, timber, rubber, etc. it also provides
raw materials for industries. It is the
management of forested land, together with
associated waters and wasteland, primarily
for harvesting timber
HUSBANDRY

❖ deals with agricultural practice of


breeding and raising livestock in
order to provide food for humans
and to provide power (draught) and
manure for crops. It is the branch
of agriculture concerned with
animals that are raised for meat,
fibre, milk, eggs, or other products.
It includes day-to-day care,
selective breeding and the raising
of livestock.
FISHERY

❖ deals with practice of


breeding and rearing fishes
including marine and inland
fishes, shrimps, prawns etc.
in order to provide food, feed
and manure
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

❖ deals with the design, construction and


improvement of farming equipment and
machinery. It also involves farm
machinery for filed preparation,
inter-cultivation, harvesting and post
harvest processing including soil and
water conservation engineering and
bio-energy.
HOME SCIENCE
❖ deals with application and
utilization of agricultural
produces in a better
manner in order to provide
nutritional security,
including value addition and
food preparation
THANK YOU!

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